قارچ های بیمارگر حشرات گزینه ای در کنترلپسیل آسیایی مرکبات Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکیکلید واژه: مرگ و میر, Mortality, بیماری گرینینگ مرکبات, anisopliae Metarrhizium, tenuipes Isaria, Citrus greening disease, Metarrhizium anisopliae, Isaria tenuipes,
چکیده مقاله :
پسیل آسیایی مرکباتKuwayama Diaphorina citri، ناقل باکتریCandidatus Liberibacter asiaticus عامل بیماری گرینینگ مرکبات است. جمعیت این ناقل در سال های اخیر در کشورمان به شدت افزایش یافته است. از عواملی که ممکن است توانایی کاهش جمعیت این ناقل را داشته باشند، قارچ های بیمارگر حشرات هستند. به منظور برآورد اثر این عوامل روی حشرات کامل پسیل و تعیین رابطه بین سطح آلودگی به قارچ و میزان مرگ و میر در آزمایشگاه، دو جدایه DEMI 002 (Metarrhizium anisoplia) و tenuipes) DEPI 002(Isariaبررسی شدند.چهار تکه برگ با هم در یک پتری دیش قرار گرفتند و روی یک، دو، سه یا هر چهار تکه برگ، سوسپانسیون قارچی با غلظت ١٠٥×٧ کنیدی در میلی لیتر پاشیده شد و دو عدد حشره کامل پسیل در پتری دیش ها رها شدند. پس از پنج روز جدایه DEMI 002وDEPI 002 به ترتیب ٧١% و ٢٩% مرگ و میر ایجاد کردند و جدایه Metarrhizium، مؤثرتر از جدایه Isariaبوداما تفاوت در سطوح آلوده به قارچ، اختلاف معنی داری در مرگ و میر نشان نداد که می توان آن را به انتقال افقی قارچ توسط پسیل نسبت داد. کاربرد قارچ های بیمارگر در مقادیر پایین همراه با سایر روش های کنترل، راهبردی مناسب در مدیریت تلفیقی پسیل آسیایی مرکبات است.
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus that causes citrus greening disease. The vector population has increased drastically in our country, in recent years. Entomopathogenic fungi are among those agents which might have the potential to suppress its population. To study the effects of these agents on adult psyllids and the relationship between fungus-sprayed area and mortality, two isolates, DEMI 002 (Metarrhizium anisopliae) and DEPI 002 (Isariatenuipes) were investigated in the laboratory. Four leaf sections were placed together in a Petri dish and one to four of them were sprayed by the fungal suspensions at a concentration of 7×105 spores/ml and two adult psyllids were released into Petri dishes. Five days after treatment, ‘DEMI 002’ and ‘DEPI 002’ caused 71% and 29% mortality, respectively. DEMI 002, an isolate of Metarrhizium anisopliae, was significantly more effective than DEPI 002(Isaria tenuipes). However, there was no statistical difference between different leaf area coverage on mortality, showing the horizontal transfer of the fungi among the psyllids. Application of entomopathogenic fungi at low quantities combined with other control techniques is an appropriate option in an IPM approach against D. citri.
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