Entomopathogenic fungi: An alternative in the control of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
Subject Areas : Plant ProtectionKeywords:
Abstract :
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus that causes citrus greening disease. The vector population has increased drastically in our country, in recent years. Entomopathogenic fungi are among those agents which might have the potential to suppress its population. To study the effects of these agents on adult psyllids and the relationship between fungus-sprayed area and mortality, two isolates, DEMI 002 (Metarrhizium anisopliae) and DEPI 002 (Isariatenuipes) were investigated in the laboratory. Four leaf sections were placed together in a Petri dish and one to four of them were sprayed by the fungal suspensions at a concentration of 7×105 spores/ml and two adult psyllids were released into Petri dishes. Five days after treatment, ‘DEMI 002’ and ‘DEPI 002’ caused 71% and 29% mortality, respectively. DEMI 002, an isolate of Metarrhizium anisopliae, was significantly more effective than DEPI 002(Isaria tenuipes). However, there was no statistical difference between different leaf area coverage on mortality, showing the horizontal transfer of the fungi among the psyllids. Application of entomopathogenic fungi at low quantities combined with other control techniques is an appropriate option in an IPM approach against D. citri.
Avery, P.B., Hunter, W.B., Hall, D.G., Jackson, M.A., Powell, C.A. & Rogers, M.E.2009. Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) infection and dissemination of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea (Hypocreales: Cordycipitacea) underlaboratory conditions. Florida Entomologist, 92(4): 608-618.
Brlansky, R.H., Rogers, M.E., Stansly, P.A., Timmer, L.W. & Baut, G. 2012. Citrus greening (Huanglongbing) disease identification and management. Citrus Research and Education Centre,IFAS,University of Florida. Available online from URL: http://www.epi.ufl.edu/?q=node/21 (accessed 1 August 2012)
Culbert, D. 2005. Citrus greening–Another threat to agriculture. IFAS Extension,University of Florida. Available from URL: http://okeechobee.ifas.ufl.edu/ News%20 columns/Citrus%20Greening%20Disease.htm (accessed 1 August 2012)
Hoy, M.A., Singh, R. & Rogers, M.E.2010. Evaluations of a novel isolate of Isaria fumosorosea for control of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Florida Entomologist, 93(1): 24-32.
Ibrahim, L., Hamieh, A., Ghanem, H. & Ibrahim, S.K. 2011. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi from Lebanese soils against aphids, whitefly & non-target beneficial insects. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 3(3): 156-164.
Koupi, N. 2010. Laboratory study of entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
Lezama-Gutiérrez, R., Molina-Ochoa, J., Chávez-Flores, O., Ángel-Sahagún, C.A., Skoda, S.R., Reyes-Martínez, G., Barba-Reynoso, M., Rebolledo-Domínguez, O., Ruíz-Aguilar, G.M.L. & Foster, J.E. 2012. Use of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Cordyceps bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea to control Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Persian lime under field conditions. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 32 (1): 39-44.
Loc, N.T., Chi, V.T.B., Nhan, N.T., Hong, T.T.B., Chi, N.T.P. & Nghia, N.T. 2010. Explotation of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae as potential biocontrol agents in integrated pest management (IPM) on citrus. Omonrice, 17: 152-163.
Mellin-Rosas, M.A., Hernandez-Betancourt, I., Nunez-Camargo, M.C. & Arredondo-Bernal, H.C.2011. Entomopathogenic fungi effectiveness in control citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Colima. Proceedings of 2 Simposio Nacional sobre investigation para el manejo del Psilido Asiatico de los Citricos y el Huanglongbing en Mexico,pp. 367,2011.
Meyer, J., Hoy, M., Hall, D. & Boucias, D.2007.Entomopathogenic fungi infecting the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Homoptera: Psyllidae), in Florida. Society of Invertebrate Pathology. Available online from URL: http://www.floridagrower. net/forging_ahead/200051121_psyllid.html (accessed 27 February 2010)
Nikpour, N. 2008. Study the effect of some Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolates on onion thrips, Thrips tabaci under laboratory condition. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran.
Padulla, L.F.L. & Alves, S.B. 2009. Susceptibility of Diaphorina citri nymphs to entomopathogenic fungi. Comunicaca Cientifica, 76 (2): 297-302.
SAS Institute. 2003. SAS user's guide, version 9.1. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
Sedighi, N. 2011. Evaluation of pathogenicity of fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae Sorokin on Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae). M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Iran.
Subandiyah, S., Nikoh, N., Sato, H., Wagiman, F., Tsuyumu, S. & Fukatsu, T. 2000. Isolation and characterization of two entomopathogenic fungi attacking Diaphorina citri (Homoptera, Psylloidea) in Indonesia. Mycoscience, 41: 509-513.