اعتماد اجتماعی و هویت اجتماعی ؛ باز اندیشی در هویت اجتماعی زنان تحصیلکرده مورد مطالعه دانشگاه تبریز
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
مژده کیانی
1
(دکتری جامعه شناسی. استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه پیام نور .)
سیامک نجفی
2
(کارشناس ارشد جامعه شناسی. دانشگاه پیام نور تهران .)
کلید واژه: اعتماد اجتماعی, هویت اجتماعی زنان, هویت مدرن, هویت پست مدرن, اعتماد فردی و نهادی,
چکیده مقاله :
هویت اجتماعی از عوامل متعددی متأثر است که اعتماد اجتماعی یکی از آن عوامل است. با توجه به تغییر و گسترش جایگاه و عرصه های حضور زنان در جامعه و دانشگاه ها، هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی رابطه بین اعتماد اجتماعی و هویت اجتماعی(سنتی، مدرن و پست مدرن)5577 نفر از دانشجویان زن مقاطع کارشناسی تا دکتری دانشگاه تبریز در سال 1394 بوده است. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش پیمایش اجرا گردیده است. چارچوب نظری پژوهش با بهره گیری از نظریات گیدنز، زتومکا، افه، جنکینز، تدوین شده است. روش نمونه گیری طبقه ای و تصادفی ساده بود. داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته از یک نمونه 360 نفری از دانشجویان زن مقطع مختلف دانشگاه تبریز جمع آوری گردیده و برای برآورد اعتبار از دو روش اعتبار محتوا و اعتبار سازه استفاده شده است. با توجه به نتایج، در ابعاد هویت، بالاترین میانگین در بعد هویت سنتی با میانگین4/2 و هویت مدرن با میانگین 03/2 می باشد. اعتماد اجتماعی زنان تحصیلکرده در شاخص اعتماد تعمیم یافته، بالا است و معادل 5/80، و در شاخص اعتماد نهادی، پایین است. براساس یافته ها، اعتماد اجتماعی با هویت مدرن و پست مدرن زنان تحصیلکرده رابطه دارد. همچنین پایگاه اقتصادی - اجتماعی با هویت های مدرن و پست مدرن رابطه معنی دار دارد. میزان کفایت مدل با آزمون دوربین واتسون انجام شده که نشان دهنده یک مدل مناسب است. با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون خطی چند گانه، متغیرهای سن، رشته تحصیلی، مقطع تحصیلی،اعتماد فردی و اعتماد نهادی می توان 36% از واریانس هویت اجتماعی را تبیین نمود.
Several factors affect social identity and social trust is one of them. Regarding the fact that Women's status and their participation in society has changed and developed in different areas such as in the society and universities, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social trust and social identity of Bachelor to Ph.D. women students in public universities in Tabriz in 2016. Their total number was 5577.The survey method was implemented to conduct the study. Theoretical framework was formed using the theories of Giddens، Ztvmka، Efe ، Jnkynzv Tajf،. The method was simple stratified sampling. Data were collected using the questionnaires from a sample of 360 students from undergraduate to doctoral educated women in the state universities of Tabriz. To validate data, content and structure validation was done. Results showed that among identity components, thae highest mean was related to traditional identity, 2.4, and modern identitu, 2.03. The social identity of educated women is high regarding generalized trust indicators, 80.5, but low in natural trust indicators. Based on the results, there is a relationship between social trust and womens’ modern and post-modern identity. Also, there is a significant relationship between the economic-social status of women and their modern and post-modern social identity. The Durbin-Watson test showed the adequacy of the model as a good one. Using Multi-Linear regression and variables like age, major, education, individual trust and natural trust, it becomes possible to specify 36% of social identity variance.
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