تحلیل بازدارنده‌های شکل‌گیری تشکلهای غیردولتی در سکونتگاههای روستایی شهرستان جوانرود
محورهای موضوعی :
فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
ناهیده محمدی
1
,
بیژن رحمانی
2
,
ناهیده شفیعی ثابت
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشیار دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیار دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/05/22
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/10/12
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/08/01
کلید واژه:
بازدارندهها,
سکونتگاههای روستایی,
واژگان کلیدی: تشکلهای غیردولتی,
شهرستان جوانرود,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده
با وجود نقش فزاینده تشکلهای غیردولتی در توسعه اقتصادی و سایر بخش‌ها، رشد و پایداری این گونه سازمان‌ها در بسیاری از کشورها، به ویژه در سطح محلی با چالش و بازدارندگی رو‌به‌رو است. از این رو، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل بازدارنده‌های شکل‌گیری تشکلهای غیردولتی، با روش توصیفی – تحلیلی، در سطح30 روستا(معادل 2147 خانوار) و 300 خانوار نمونه روستاهای شهرستان جوانرود صورت گرفت. ابزار اصلی گردآوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بوده است. در این راستا برای طراحی پرسشنامه ، براساس مطالعات مختلف و با توجه به شرایط جامعه ایران و منطقه مورد مطالعه، بازدارندهها(متغیر اثرگذار) در قالب 7 مؤلفه (اقتصادی، ساختاری، فرهنگی-اجتماعی، زیرساختی، آموزشی، فردی و روانشناختی)و 54 گویه، و شکل‌گیری تشکلهای غیردولتی در ابعاد اقتصادی اجتماعی و محیطی(متغیر اثرپذیر) در قالب 11 گویه شناسایی، و در طیف لیکرت طراحی شد. به منظور سنجش روایی پرسشنامه از روش صوری و برای سنجش پایایی آن از روش آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. مقدار آلفای به دست آمده برای هر یک از متغیرها و شاخص‌های پژوهش(بین 721/0 تا 901/0) نشان داد، پرسشنامه از پایایی لازم برخوردار است. داده های گردآوری شده در نرم‌افزار SPSS کدگذاری و از طریق روش تحلیل مسیر، آثار مستقیم و غیرمستقیم هر یک از بازدارندهها در شکل‌گیری تشکلهای غیردولتی در سطح روستاهای نمونه، مورد سنجش و ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یافتههای حاصل از پژوهش نشان داد، به غیر از مؤلفه روانشناختی که تنها دارای اثر مستقیم بوده است، دیگر مؤلفهها دارای اثر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم و همچنین ضریب همبستگی بالا و معکوس در شکل‌گیری تشکلهای غیردولتی بوده است. در این‌راستا، بیشترین تأثیر مربوط به مؤلفه ساختار سیاسی(689/0-) و آموزشی(687/0-) و کمترین آثار مربوط به مؤلفه روانشناختی(171/0-) بوده است . از این رو با توجه به یافتههای پژوهش، در گام نخست، تغییر رویکردها از "بالا به پایین" و "حکومت‌محور"، به سمت رویکردهای "پایین به بالا" و "اجتماع‌محور"، تعریف جایگاه تشکلهای_های غیردولتی در نظام سیاستگذاری و برنامه‌ریزی کشور، و همچنین آموزش مولد و هدفمند روستاییان به دلیل میزان اهمیت و اثرگذاری مستقیم و غیرمستقیم بر دیگر مؤلفهها، در راستای شکل‌گیری تشکل_های غیردولتی مورد تأکید می‌باشد
چکیده انگلیسی:
Despite the growing role of NGOs in economic development and other sectors, The growth and sustainability of such organizations in many countries, especially at the local level, is challenging and deterrent. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying, measuring and evaluating the Barriers of the formation of non-governmental organizations, by descriptive-analytical method, in 30 villages (equivalent to 2147 households) and 300 sample rural households in Javanrood township.Therefore, for designing a questionnaire, based on various studies and according to the conditions of Iranian society and the region under study, inhibitors (effective variables) in the form of 7 indicators (economic, structural, socio-cultural, infrastructure, educational, individual and psychological) and 54 items. The rate of formation of non-governmental organizations in socio-economic and environmental dimensions (effective variable) was identified in the form of 11 items and designed in the Likert scale.The collected data were encoded in SPSS software and through path analysis method, the direct and indirect effects of inhibitory indicators on the formation of non-governmental organizations in the sample villages were assessed and evaluated. The findings of the study showed that, Except for the psychological index, which had only a direct effect effect, Other indicators have had a direct and indirect effect as well as a high and inverse correlation coefficient in the formation of non-governmental organizations. In this regard, the most impact was related to the index of political structure (-0.689) and the least impact was related to the socio-cultural index (-0.222) and psychological (-0.171). Therefore, according to the research findings, in the first step, the change of approaches from "top to bottom" and " state-baced " to "bottom-up" and "community-based" approaches, defining the position of. Non-governmental organizations in the policy-making and planning system of the country, as well as productive and purposeful education of stakeholders due to the importance and direct and indirect impact on other indicators, is necessary for the formation of non-governmental organizations.Keywords: NGOs, Barriers, Rural Settlements, Javanrood township
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