تحلیل ساختاری چالش‌های اساسی حکمروایی شایسته شهری به روش حداقل مربعات جزئی (مطالعه موردی: کلانشهر تبریز)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

امین رفیعی اسکویی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.)
رضا ولی زاده ² (استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.)
فریدون بابایی اقدام ³ (دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.)
علی پناهی ⁴ (استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/07/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/05/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/02/01

کلید واژه: مدیریت شهری, حکمروایی خوب شهری, تحلیل ساختاری, کلان‌شهر تبریز,

چکیده مقاله :

شهر به عنوان یک منبع توسعه مطرح است و جایگاه مدیریت شهری در روند توسعه شهری نقش بسیار مهم و تعیین کننده داشته و مدیریت شهری می تواند در مسیر یک توسعه قانونمند و پایدار مورد توجه قرار گیرد .هدف از حکمروایی شهری تقویت فرآیند توسعه شهری است به طوریکه ساکنان شهرها از یک شهروند انفعالی به یک شهروند فعال و مسئولیت‌پذیر تبدیل شوند. اصلاح و بازنگری در نظام مدیریت شهری کشور با تحولات ساختاری و محتوای دیدگاههای نوین مطرح در زمینه مدیریت شهری به‌صورت جدی مورد تأکید بوده است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، تحلیل ساختاری چالش‌های اساسی حکمروایی شایسته شهری است که بر اساس هدف از نوع کاربردی و ازلحاظ «ماهیت و روش» از نوع «توصیفی- تحلیلی» است. جامعه آماری کلان‌شهر تبریز است و حجم نمونه با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری آسان (132 نفر) به دست آمده است. روش گردآوری داده‌ها به‌صورت روش تصادفی ساده و با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته است. برای محاسبه روایی، از روش و تکنیک روایی محتوایی و صوری و برای سنجش قابلیت اطمینان پرسشنامه تحقیق از آلفای کرونباخ (86/0 = پایایی مطلوب) استفاده شده است. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از روش مدل معادلات ساختاری به روش حداقل مربعات جزئی استفاده شده است. نتایج کمی تحقیق نشان دهنده نیکویی برازش مدل معادلات ساختاری و قابلیت تعمیم آن است و نتایج کیفی نشان می‌دهد چند‌پارچگی در مدیریت و تصمیم‌گیری و به‌تبع آن شفافیت و قانون‌مداری در تصمیم‌گیری‌های نهان و آشکار مدیران شهری و وجود افراد و گروه‌های ذی‌نفع و ذی‌نفوذ در برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت شهری چالش مهم حکمروایی شهری منطقه مورد است که توجه به فعالیت‌های نوآورانه در زمینه بهبود حکمروایی شهری را طلب می‌کند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The purpose of urban governance is to strengthen the process of urban development so that city dwellers change from a passive citizen to an active and responsible citizen.Reform and revision of the country's urban management system with structural changes and the content of new perspectives in the field of urban management has been seriously emphasized. The purpose of the present study is the structural analysis of the basic challenges of decent urban governance, which is based on the purpose of the applied type and in terms of "nature and method" of the "descriptive-analytical" type. The statistical population is the metropolis of Tabriz and the sample size was obtained using the easy sampling method (132 people). The data collection method is a simple random method using a researcher-made questionnaire. To calculate the validity, the content and face validity method and technique were used and to assess the reliability of the research questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha (optimal reliability = 0.86) was used. Structural equation modeling method using partial least squares method has been used to analyze the data. The quantitative results of the research show the good fit of the structural equation model and its generalizability, and the qualitative results show the multiplicity of management and decision-making, and consequently the transparency and rule of law in the overt and covert decisions of city managers and the existence of stakeholders and stakeholders. Urban is an important challenge of urban governance in the case area, which requires attention to innovative activities to improve urban governance.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Alizadeh, Aziz, Vahidi Motlagh, Vahid & Nazemi, Amir (2010). Scenario Writing or Planning Based on Scenarios, Institute of International Energy Studies, Second Edition.


2. Arabshahi, Zahra (2004). Fourth Plan Law under the Magnifying Glass of Good Urban Governance, Municipalities, 6 (69) 75-94.


3. Auclair, C., & Jackohango, A. (2009). Good urban governance: Towards an effective private sector engagement. Nairobi.


4. Azimi Amoli, Jalal & Rokanuddin Eftekhari, Abdolreza (2014). Rural Governance (Sustainable Development Management), Tehran: Samat.


5. Barakpour, Nasser (2006). Urban governance and urban management system in Iran, Conference on Urban Planning and Management.


6. Basirat, Meysam; Azizi, Mohammad Mehdi; Zebardast, Esfandiar & Ahmad Akhundi, Abbas (2012). Opportunities and Challenges of Good Metropolitan Governance in the Age of Globalization; Case study of Tehran, Journal of Fine Arts - Architecture and Urban Planning, 1 (17), pp. 16-5.


7. Cave, R.W., (2005). Encyclopedia of the city, London & New York.


8. Devaney, l. (2016). Good governance? Perceptions of accountability, transparency and effectiveness in Irish food risk governance, food policy, 62, 1-10.


9. Eskandari Thani, Mohammad; Mollazadeh, Mehdi & Pourdadash, Amir (2017). Evaluating the level of citizen participation in urban management based on the model of decent urban governance, case study: Aras Free Zone (Jolfa city), Regional Planning, 7, (27), 159-168.


10. Evans, G., Locas, B., and Sharma, D. (2005). Good Governance in Urban Management Process, London.


11. Eyvazlu, Davood & Rarzavian, Mohammad Taghi (2018). Assessing the status of urban management of metropolises based on the indicators of good urban governance studied: Tehran metropolis, Geography and Development, 52, 175-192.


12. Furlong, k. (2012). Good water governance without good urban governance? Regulation, service delivery models, and local government, environment and planning, 44(11), 2721-2741.


13. Gilbert, a. (2015). Urban governance in the south: how did bogotá lose its shine? Urban studies, vol. 52(4), 665-684.


14. Harvey, d. (1989). From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: the transformation in urban governance in late capitalism, geografia annealer: series b, human geography, 71(1), 3-17.


15. Heydari, Mohammad Reza (2013). Measuring the Performance of Urban Management with Emphasis on the Criteria of Good Urban Governance (Case Study: Yazd City), M.Sc. Thesis, Yazd University.


16. Hillier, j. (2007). Stretching beyond the horizon: a multiplanar theory of spatial planning and governance. Ashgate publishing, ltd. in Seoul, habitat international, 30 (4), 1035-


17. Ismaili, Ali (2012). Study of resources and limitations of achieving good urban governance in Tabriz metropolis, Master Thesis in Urban Management, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Supervisor: Dr. Behrouz Rezaei Manesh.


18. Jessop, b. (2002). Liberalism, neoliberalism, and urban governance: a state–theoretical perspective, antipode, 34(3), 452-472.


19. Khaleghi A, Karimzadeh H, Khaodapanah K. Analysis of the rural community behavior in the Area of Electoral Geography (Case study: Varzaqan county). Researches in Geographical Sciences. 2022; 22 (64):139-162.


20. Khaleghi A, (2019). Mixed research method in the realm of pragmatism; A method for geographical research, Geography and human relations, 2 (2), PP. 104- 130.


21. Khodapanah, kuomars (2021). Assessing the Governance Effects Worthwhile on the Resilience of Villages Case study: Central part of Ardabil city, Regional Planning, 11 (41), pp. 83-100.


22. Kim, K. S., & Dickey, J. (2006). Role of urban governance in the process of bus system reform


23. Lange f. esko. 2009. Urban governances an essential determinate of city development? World vision institute for research and development.


24. Majnouni-toutakhane, a., & sareban, v. h. (2019). Promotion of urban resilience with citizens’ local participation approach case study: bonab city, journal of engineering. Research 7(1), 1-18.


25. Mansour Jamshid, Farzad (2016). Analysis of Ilam Urban Management Performance with Emphasis on the Criteria of Good Urban Governance, Master Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, Department of Geography, Zabol University.


26. McCall, m. k., & Dunn, c. e. (2012). Geo-information tools for participatory spatial planning: fulfilling the criteria for ‘good 'governance? Geo forum, 43(1), 81-94.


27. Meshkini, Abolfazl; Rabbani, Taha; Rokn al-Din Eftekhari, Abdul Reza; Rafieian, Mojtaba (2019). Governance Futurism, Expanding the Concept and Future of Governance in Tehran, Metropolitan Journal of Geographical Research on Urban Planning, 3, 431-453.


28. Motive, g. (2018). policy options for good governance and local economic development in eastern and southern Africa, local economic development in the changing world, 341-353, Routledge


29. Mousavi, Seyed Mustafa; Karimian Bostani, Maryam; Hafez Rezazadeh, Masoumeh (2021). Analysis of Sustainable Income Sources for Urban Development (Case Study: Tehran), Regional Planning, 11 (41), pp. 148-135


30. Pierre, j (2014). Can urban regimes travel in time and space? Urban regime theory, urban governance theory, and comparative urban politics, urban affairs review, 50(6), 864-889.


31. Pierre, j. (2005). Comparative urban governance: uncovering complex causalities, urban affairs review, 40(4), 446-462.


32. Piri, Eisa (2014). Systemic risk, good urban governance and the challenge of excess accumulation in the metropolitan economy (a critique of free market fundamentalism), Sepehr Quarterly, 23 (90), 54-59.


33. Piri, Eisa (2016). The position of good urban governance in reducing the rate of spatial separation Case study: Tabriz metropolis, Quarterly Journal of Geography and Urban Space Development, 3 (1), 121-132.


34. Pourangha, Eisa. (2015). Evaluation, Analysis, Feasibility, Feasibility, Good Governance, Urban, in Mako City, M.Sc. Thesis. Tabriz University.


35. Pour Mohammedi, Mohammad Reza; Hosseinzadeh Delir, Karim; Piri, Eisa. (2010). Optimal Urban Governance on the Basis of Social Capital: A Test of Institutional-Spatial Communication Order and Non-Economic Activity: A Case Study: Tabriz Metropolis, Quarterly Journal of Geography of Dry Areas, 1 (1), 35-52.


36. Rabbani, Taha; Meshkini, Abolfazl; Rokn al-Din Eftekhari, Abdul Reza; Rafieian, Mojtaba (2019). Explaining the issues of urban governance in future scenarios of Tehran metropolis based on the approach of converting qualitative to quantitative scenarios, Sustainable City Quarterly, 2), 45-62.


37. Rahnamaei, Mohammad Taghi; Keshavarz, Mahnaz (2010). Study of good governance model and the role of government in the management and administration of urban affairs in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Urban Ecology Research, 1 (1), 23-55.


38. Roustaei, Shahrivar; Andesta, Forough. (2018). Feasibility study, application of ‌ model of governance, urban, participatory ‌ at the level of the neighborhood unit of the NBN program in Tabriz (Case study: Region 2), Quarterly Journal of Urban Planning Geographical Research, 6 (4), 675-694.


39. Rutberg, r. i. (2014). Good governance means performance and results, governance, 27(3), 511-518.


40. Sheng, y. k. (2010). Good urban governance in Southeast Asia, environment and urbanization Asia, 1(2), 131-147.


41. Taqvaei, Ali Akbar & Tajdar, Rasoul (2009). An Introduction to Good Urban Governance in an Analytical Approach, Urban Management, 23, 45-58.


42. Torfing, J. (2012). Interactive governance: Advancing the paradigm. Oxford University Press on Demand.


43. UNDP (2002). Governance Unit Jakarta Introducing Good Local Governance, The Indonesian Experience.