ارزیابی مؤلفه‌های اجتماعی-اقتصادی تبیین‌کننده‌ی تاب‌آوری در سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی (مطالعه‌ی موردی: شهر تبریز)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

احمد اسدی ¹ (استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه بزرگمهر قائنات، قاین، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/05/22 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/12/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/08/01

کلید واژه: شهر تبریز, سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی, تاب‌آوری, ساختارهای اجتماعی-اقتصادی,

چکیده مقاله :

امروزه توجه به جامعه‌ی تاب‌آور در راستای مدیریت بحران و کاهش خطر و مقابله با سوانح، به‌ویژه در مناطق مستعد بلایا و بحران‌ها ضرورتی اجتناب‌ناپذیر می‌باشد. در همین راستا، تحقیق حاضر با هدف شناسایی مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار اجتماعی-اقتصادی تاب‌آوری در سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی شهر تبریز نگارش شده است. روش تحقیق در مطالعه‌ی حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی، از نظر شیوه‌ی اجرا، پیمایشی و از نظر زمانی، مقطعی است. جامعه‌ی آماری تحقیق ساکنان سکونتگاه-های غیررسمی شهر تبریز (بیش از 400 هزار نفر) و مدیران، مسئولان و نخبگان دانشگاهی بوده که حجم نمونه‌ی ساکنان بر اساس روش کوکران 383 نفر و حجم نمونه‌ی مدیران و مسئولان و نخبگان بر اساس روش دلفی 100 نفر برآورد شده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات نیز از آزمون‌های تی، رگرسیون و مدل معادلات ساختاری استفاده شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق حاکی از آن است که ویژگی‌های اقتصادی و اجتماعی افراد تأثیر قابل توجهی بر تاب‌آوری فردی و اجتماعی در سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی دارد که بیشترین تأثیرگذاری در شاخص‌های اقتصادی مربوط به متغیرهای وضعیت اشتغال، میزان درآمد و مالکیت مسکن به ترتیب با ضرایب 69/0، 67/0 و 62/0 و در بین شاخص‌های اجتماعی بیشترین تأثیرگذاری مربوط به متغیرهای میزان تحصیلات و احساس تعلق مکانی به محله به ترتیب با ضرایب 54/0 و 42/0 می‌باشد. همچنین در ساختارهای اجتماعی-اقتصادی بیشترین تأثیرگذاری بر تاب‌آوری سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی، وجود پایگاه‌های ارتباطی بین مردم و سازمان‌های مسئول جهت تسریع در کیفیت پاسخگویی به نیازها در زمان وقوع بحران و اعتبارات مناسب بانک‌ها و نهادهای محلی-دولتی به‌منظور قابلیت بازگردان وضعیت به قبل از بحران بوده که آماره‌ی آزمون تی آنها به ترتیب 54/12 و 32/11 می‌باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Nowadays, paying attention to a resilient society in crisis management and risk reduction and disaster management is an inevitable necessity especially in areas prone to disasters and crises. In this regard, the present study has been written with the aim of identifying the influential socio-economic components of resilience in informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis. The research method in the present study is applied in terms of purpose, survey in terms of implementation method and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of the study was residents of informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis (More than 400,000 people) and administrators, officials, and academic elites which have been the sample size of residents is estimated at 383 according to the Cochran method and the sample size of managers and officials is estimated at 100 based on the Delphi method. Also have been used for data analysis T-test, regression, and structural equation modeling. The research findings indicate that the economic and social characteristics of individuals have a significant impact on individual and social resilience in informal settlements, which has the greatest impact on economic indicators related to the variables of employment status, income and housing ownership with coefficients of 0.69, 0.67 and 0.62, and among the social indicators, the highest impact is related to the variables of the level of education and the sense of spatial belonging to the neighborhood with the coefficients of 0.54 and 0.42, respectively. Also, in socio-economic structures, the most effective on the formation of informal settlements, the existence of communication bases between people and responsible organizations to accelerate the quality of responding to needs in times of crisis and appropriate credits of banks and local government institutions to restore the situation before the crisis, that their T-test statistics are 12.44 and 11.32, respectively.

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