تحلیلی بر سیاستگذاری عوامل کلیدی و متغیرهای اثرگذار بر ظرفیت نهادی توسعه مدیریت شهری در کلانشهر تهران
محورهای موضوعی : سیاستگذاری شهری
سید محمود موسوی میرکلائی
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری گروه شهرسازی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
)
محمد علی خلیجی
2
(
استادیار گروه شهرسازی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
)
صادق صادقی
3
(
استادیار گروه شهرسازی، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران
)
کلید واژه: ظرفیت نهادی, سیاستگذاری, کلانشهر تهران, مدیریت شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
کلانشهر تهران سیستم مشخص، تعریف شده و رسمی برای مدیریت ظرفیت نهادی مدیریت شهری ندارد؛ اما این سیستم باتکیه‌بر ساختارها و روش‌ها و هنجارهای رایج حکمروایی شهری و روستایی اداره و منتقل می‌شود. تشتت و تفرق مدیریت شهری در شهر تهران به تبعیت از نهادها و سازمان‌های متفرق و منبعث از الگوی حکومت شهری، عدم ظرفیت تعامل میان نهادی و درون نهادی را می‌توان نتیجه غلبه رسمی نهادهای قدرت و ناهمسویی نهادهای غیررسمی با سیاست‌ها و برنامه‌هایی آنها دانست. هدف تحقیق سیاستگذاری عوامل کلیدی و متغیرهای اثرگذار بر ظرفیت نهادی مدیریت شهری است. روش تحقیق از منظر هدف، از نوع کاربردی - توسعه‌ای، از نظر روش‌های اصلی تحقیق در زمره تحقیقات توصیفی - تحلیلی قرار دارد. همچنین نوع داده‌ها در تحقیق پیمایشی بوده و ابزار اصلی مورداستفاده برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها مصاحبه با مدیران، خبرگان شهرداری تهران و اساتید دانشگاهی به‌صورت پرسشنامه که ابزار مناسب روایی بوده، انجام‌گرفته است. روش نمونه‌گیری در تحقیق حاضر نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده بوده است و حجم نمونه با خطای اندازه‌گیری ده درصد، 100 نفر تعیین شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد قوی‌ترین متغیر ظرفیت نهادی مطلوب خوانایی و شفافیت قوانین و مقررات، با میانگین 37/3 است و کمترین میانگین بـه متغیر ظرفیت بین نهادی تعلق دارد که نشان‌دهندة ضعف ظرفیت نهادی در کلانشهر تهران اسـت. نتایج نشان می‌دهد مولفه‌های منابع ارتباطی و توانایی نهادها به‌مراتب سهم بیشتری در مقایسه با سایر متغیرها در پیش‌گویی متغیر وابسته دارند، به‌گونه‌ای که یک واحد تغییر در انحراف معیار منابع ارتباطی و توانایی نهادها، باعث می‌شود تا انحراف معیار متغیر وابسته (ظرفیت نهادی مدیریت شهری) به‌اندازه 28 و 18 درصد تغییر کند. درحالی‌که یک واحد تغییر در انحراف معیار مشارکت‌پذیری تنها باعث می‌شود تا انحراف معیار متغیر وابسته به‌اندازه 2 درصد تغییر نماید.
AbstractTehran metropolis does not have a specific, defined and formal system for managing the institutional capacity of urban management; But this system is managed and transmitted by relying on the structures, methods and common norms of urban and rural governance. The fragmentation and fragmentation of urban management in the city of Tehran due to the different institutions and organizations that originate from the city government model, the lack of capacity for inter-institutional and intra-institutional interaction can be seen as the result of the official dominance of the power institutions and the non-alignment of informal institutions with their policies and programs. The purpose of the research is to policy the key factors and variables affecting the institutional capacity of urban management. The research method, from the point of view of the goal, is of the type of applied-developmental research, in terms of the main research methods, it is in the category of descriptive-analytical research. Also, the type of data in the research is a survey, and the main tool used to collect data is interviews with managers, experts of Tehran municipality and university professors in the form of a questionnaire, which is a suitable narrative tool. The sampling method in this study was simple random sampling and the sample size was determined to be 100 people with a measurement error of ten percent. The findings of the research show that the strongest component of the desired institutional capacity is the readability and transparency of laws and regulations, with an average of 3.37, and the lowest average belongs to the component of inter-institutional capacity, which indicates the weakness of the institutional capacity in Tehran metropolis. The results show that the components of communication resources and the ability of institutions have a far greater contribution compared to other components in predicting the dependent variable, such that a unit change in the standard deviation of communication resources and the ability of institutions causes the standard deviation of the variable to increase. dependent (institutional capacity of urban management) to change by 28 and 18 percent. While a unit change in the standard deviation of participation only causes the standard deviation of the dependent variable to change by 2%.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Considering that the focus of this study is the urban management system of Tehran, in the urban management system of Tehran, we are faced with numerous organizations with diverse missions such as transportation and traffic, urban, cultural and social services, financial and urban economy, technical and civil engineering, etc., which serve the population of the capital. And they provide services to the biggest metropolis of the country. Naturally, for a city of this size, we need an institutional and integrated approach to define, implement and achieve a valid model that can be used by city managers in policy making. But how is this approach designed and implemented? The problem of this research comes from this: in the current method, policies are formulated without the presence and participation of urban and regional agents and experts, and management is tied to autocratic management, traditional planning (with a top-down approach). The actors of the private sector and specialized associations, non-governmental organizations do not have a place and role in the political decisions of Tehran's urban management, and the continuation of this situation will have no consequences except for the aggravation of the gaps. Therefore, in this research, in addition to identifying key factors and variables affecting the institutional capacity of urban management and creating changes in the formulation of urban policies, paying attention to upstream documents and the participation of actors, it has the attention of all civil institutions in synergy and interaction in the policy-making process and reducing interference. The government wants to make decisions. During such a process, all managers (macro, medium and small) should consider themselves as participants in the network of power and decision-making and policy-making and participate in Tehran's development plans and programs. With these interpretations, this research seeks to answer the question, what are the key factors and variables affecting the institutional capacity of Tehran metropolis management?Methodology: From the point of view of the goal, the research is of the type of applied-developmental research, in terms of the main research methods, it is in the descriptive-analytical research. Also, the type of data in the research is a survey, and the main tool used to collect data is interviews with managers, experts of Tehran Municipality and university professors in the form of a questionnaire, which is a suitable tool for narrative. These people are generally those who have been active for many years in the field of research in the relevant headquarters and organizations of the Tehran Metropolitan Municipality, or have been in relevant institutions, research institutes and urban management organizations, or have been in related executive responsibilities. The response scale was completed and weighted in the form of Likert in 5 degrees. The sampling method in this study was simple random sampling and the sample size was determined to be 100 people with a measurement error of ten percent.Results and discussion: In the background variables which in this research are sex, age and education, using frequency distribution tables, the results are as follows; The distribution of respondents according to gender is 45 women, 55 men and the average age is 37.5 years. The percentage of respondents' education is 28.6% bachelor's degree, 36% master's degree and 35.4% doctorate respectively. The respondents' answers were presented in the form of a 5-point Likert scale (very dissatisfied, dissatisfied, relatively satisfied, satisfied and very satisfied). The overall assessment of institutional capacity indicates that 2.06% of institutional capacity variables are very satisfied, 8.19% are satisfied, 24.03% are relatively satisfied, 44.78% are dissatisfied and 20.94% are very dissatisfied. The findings of the research in Table 3 show that the components of readability and transparency of laws and regulations, legality, intra-institutional interaction among the components have the highest average, respectively. Also, the inter-institutional capacity component has the least importance with an average of 3.35. Regarding the significance of the test, it can be said that the components are significant at the 95% level.Conclusion: Tehran metropolis does not have a specific, defined and formal system for managing the institutional capacity of urban management; But this system is managed and transmitted by relying on the structures, methods and common norms of urban and rural governance. The fragmentation and fragmentation of urban management in the city of Tehran due to the different institutions and organizations that originate from the city government model, the lack of capacity for inter-institutional and intra-institutional interaction can be seen as the result of the official dominance of the power institutions and the non-alignment of informal institutions with their policies and programs. Tehran metropolis has institutional potential in formulating, regulating laws and regulations, effectiveness of activities and measures and success rate of urban management in relation to institutional processes. The sustainability and human-centeredness of the future development of this complex requires building the capacity to accept new forces in the management organization of the region by referring to the teachings of the urban governance approach and strengthening the sense of trust and cooperation among all these actors. More than ever, the development of the metropolises of the country, especially Tehran, the way of planning the management of the regions is dependent on the institutional capacity and somehow tied to it. In the absence of urban management policies and trans-sectoral approach, inter-institutional challenges and transparency, accountability, and capacity building have become much more pronounced and do not show a decreasing trend.The components of communication resources and the ability of institutions have a far greater contribution compared to other components in predicting the dependent variable, such that a unit change in the standard deviation of communication resources and the ability of institutions causes the standard deviation of the dependent variable (institutional capacity) to increase. urban management) to change by 28 and 18 percent. While a unit change in the standard deviation of participation only causes the standard deviation of the dependent variable to change by 2%. Also, the components of institutions-ability, transparency, internal-interaction, legality, inter-institutional-interaction and inter-institutional-capacity, because the significance level is higher than 0.05, show that they do not have a significant effect on predicting the institutional capacity of urban management.
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