خوانشی بر پیشران‌های اثرگذار بر وضعیت آینده متابولیسم شهری (مطالعه موردی: منطقه 22 کلانشهر تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهری
اسماعیل علی اکبری
1
*
,
امیرحسین حلبیان
2
,
معصومه انصاری
3
1 - استاد تمام جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری؛ دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران
2 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران
3 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، مرکز تحصیلات تکمیلی
کلید واژه: پیشران, تحلیل ساختاری, متابولیسم شهری, ساختارها و کارکردها, منطقه 22 کلانشهر تهران,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه رشد سریع شهرها، جوامع شهری را با مشکلات متعددی مواجه کرده است و اهمیت مسائل محیط زیست شهری، هیچ گاه به انداز ه امروز نمایان نبوده است. زیرا امروزه شهرها به عنوان مهم ترین دستاورد تلاش های تکنولوژیکی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و اجتماعی انسان محسوب می شوند،که به تناسب رشد سریع جمعیت شهری و شهرنشینی، مصرف منابع و انتشار آلودگی های زیست محیطی هم در شهر ها افزایش پیدا کرده است. این مقاله کوشیده است با روش تحلیل ساختاری، پیشران‌های موثر بر وضعیت آینده متابولیسم شهری منطقه 22 کلانشهر تهران را بازشناسی و خوشه‌بندی کند. داده‌های نظری با روش اسنادی و داده‌های تجربی با روش پیمایشی بر پایه تکنیک دلفی تهیه شده است. جامعه آماری20 نفر از خبرگان شهری بر اساس نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و پیشران‌های توسعه، 36 نیروی پیشران در 5 بعد اقتصادی، اجتماعی، نهادی-مدیریتی، کالبدی و زیست محیطی است که با روش تحلیل اثرات متقابل ساختاری در نرم‌افزار MICMAC پردازش شده است. یافته‌ها از نظر تحلیل کلی محیط سیسم نشان داد که 645 رابطه عدد 3 دارد و این به معنای آن است که روابط پیشران‌های کلیدی بسیار زیاد بوده و از تاثیرگذاری و تاثیرپذیری زیادی برخوردارند. همچنین نتایج دیگر پژوهش از تحلیل اثرات متقابل، بیانگر پراکندگی نیروهای پیشران در وضعیتی پیچیده و بینابین از اثرگذاری و اثرپذیری است؛ نظام خوشه‌بندی پیشران‌ها حاکی از تمرکز پیشران‌های دوگانه است. از مجموع 36 نیروی پیش-برنده توسعه، 8 پیشران کلیدی شامل زیرساخت‌های شهری، ساختار شهری، رشد جمعیت، توسعه مسکن، پذیرش فناوری‌های پایدار، حفاظت از محیط زیست، ایمنی و بهداشت و توسعه امکانات فرهنگی و تفریحی شناسایی شده است.
The importance of urban environmental issues has never been more visible than today. Because today, cities are considered as the most important achievement of technological, economic, cultural and social efforts of man, which has increased in proportion to the rapid growth of urban population and urbanization, consumption of resources and the spread of environmental pollution in cities. This article has tried to identify and cluster the drivers affecting the future state of urban metabolism in the 22nd district of Tehran metropolis with the method of structural analysis. Theoretical data was prepared by document method and experimental data by survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical population is 20 urban experts based on targeted sampling and development drivers, 36 driving forces in 5 economic, social, institutional-management, physical and environmental dimensions, which have been processed by structural interaction analysis method in MICMAC software. The findings, in terms of the overall analysis of the system environment, showed that 645 relationships have the number 3, and this means that the relationships of the key drivers are very large and have great influence. Also, other results of the research from the analysis of mutual effects indicate the dispersion of driving forces in a complex and intermediate situation of effectiveness and effectiveness; The clustering system of thrusters indicates the concentration of dual thrusters. Out of a total of 36 driving forces of development, 8 key drivers including urban infrastructure, urban structure, population growth, housing development, adoption of sustainable technologies, environmental protection, health and safety, and development of cultural and recreational facilities have been identified.
Introduction
The expansion of cities with an incoherent and disjointed spatial structure has caused unreasonable and inappropriate concentration of facilities and services in different parts of the city and unequal economic-social development in them, and many of the problems of cities are the result of neglecting the main elements and components of the structure. Considering that in the cities of developing countries, the amount of use of resources and energy has increased: The amount of production of waste, waste and pollution has also become worrying. In addition to these issues, the structure and function of the city and its facilities and limitations also affect the amount of consumption and production of materials and waste by the city and its citizens, which affect the natural cycle of the city, in relation to its surrounding environment and capacity Environmental issues have a negative impact. In recent years, due to the expansion of Tehran district 22 has undergone many changes and due to the rapid growth and development of this region and the inefficiency of urban development programs, it is faced with many problems for example weakness of public and mass transportation, high population density, overcrowding violations, change of land use and housing, unbridled constructions, high-rise construction, lack of water, low service per capita, lack of proper access to the centers and cores of Tehran, immigration, pointed out that increases the scope of these challenges and problems of livability in this region day by day.
Therefore, investigating and studying urban metabolism in the direction of coexistence with the urban environment and sustainable urban development is very important and can help in evaluating policies, ranking places, formulating management strategies and urban planning also facilitate the understanding and prioritization of social issues for urban planners and managers in order to improve the quality of life of citizens. This issue becomes important that it is possible to balance the relationship between man and the urban environment And by recognizing the pattern and spatial structure of the city as the main part of the city where the main functions of the city are located, he made the necessary plans to adjust and control the unrestrained urban metabolism, so that the losses caused by wastage can be avoided.
Methodology
The current research, with a future-research approach, identifies the most important driving factors affecting the future state of urban metabolism in the 22nd district of Tehran metropolis. In terms of practical purpose, this research is a combination of documentary and survey methods, and in terms of nature, it is based on the new methods of future research, analytical and exploratory science, which was carried out by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative models.
Is documentary study method and experimental data of survey method based on Delphi method have been used in preparing the propellants under study. According to the above criteria, 20 experts and specialists from universities and research centers have been selected to participate and cooperate in the research process. In information processing, structural interaction analysis method was used in MICMAC software.
Results and discussion
This research has been done with the aim of identifying the drivers influencing the future state of urban metabolism in the 22nd district of Tehran metropolis. The findings of this research showed that the general pattern of dispersion of the drivers of urban metabolism in District 22 of Tehran metropolis, in terms of mutual effects analysis, indicates the state of an unstable environmental system in which the studied drivers, in terms of effectiveness, state It is complex and intermediate. Among the 36 driving forces, 8 driving forces have a key effect on the future state of urban metabolism in the 22 nd district of Tehran metropolis, which includes urban infrastructure, urban structure, population growth, housing development, adoption of sustainable technologies, environmental protection, safety and health and development of cultural and recreational facilities. In terms of systemic performance, these forces play the role of high influence and low influence in the system environment with the aim of improving the quality of urban metabolism in the 22 nd district of Tehran metropolis, and as a result, they are considered the most effective and key drivers.
Conclusion
In the previous years, District 22 of Tehran city was considered as a newly formed area, as a special area on the bank of Tehran city with recreational and tourism use and services And initially, the 22nd area was supposed to become Tehran's tourism, which caused many problems due to the indiscriminate constructions in the area. According to these results urban infrastructure includes:
transportation, communication ,water and energy supply, green space and public places. These infrastructures play an important role in maintaining the quality of life of the citizens of Region 22 and facilitating economic and social activities. Also, the urban structure, which includes geographical divisions, mapping, spatial planning and optimal use of land , has a key role in the sustainable development of the studied area.
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