تبیین چارچوب یکپارچه مولفه های کالبدی فرم شهری سلامت محور
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهریهلیا صارمی نیا 1 * , فاطمه محمدنیای قرائی 2 * , ساناز سعیدی مفرد 3 , سولماز قهرمانی 4
1 - گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
2 - گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
3 - گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
4 - گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
کلید واژه: فرم شهری, سلامت شهری, مولفه های کالبدی, چارچوب یکپارچه,
چکیده مقاله :
مروری بر تاريخچه انسان، فعالیت و فن اوری بیانگر آن است که از بدو خلقت بشر، تاکنون تغییرات محیط و نیازهای بشری به عنوان يک عامل جدايی ناپذير در کنار هم به پیش رفته است. شهرها سیستم های پیچیده ای هستند که تحولات اخیر در سبک زندگی مردم باعث بروز بیماری های متعدد واگیر و غیرواگیر در بین ساکنان شهرها شده است. علاوه بر این، در دهه‌های اخیر، جهان شاهد انواع بیماری‌های عفونی نوظهور بوده است که برخی از آن‌ها به شیوع جهانی همه‌گیر تبدیل شده‌اند. در مقاله حاضر سعی شده جامع ترین بررسی برای ارزیابی رابطه بین ویژگی های کالبدی فرم شهری و سلامت شهری با تاکید بر تمام ابعاد ارائه شود. در این تحقیق از طریق یک بازنگری سیستماتیک، ابتدا ویژگی‌های کالبدی فرم شهری که بر سلامت شهری تأثیر می‌گذارد، گردآوری شد و سپس هم افزایی و مبادلات بالقوه بین این ابعاد شناسایی گردید. د رادامه با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای مقالات منتخب به ارائه زیرمعیارها و معیارهای و چارچوبی مبتنی بر ابعاد کالبدی فرم شهری سلامت محور با درنظرگرفتن همه جانبه ابعاد سلامت در محیط شهری پیشنهاد شده است که پیوندهای متقابل بین فرم شهری، سلامت شهری را ترکیب می‌کند. ارائه یک دیدگاه کل نگر جدید در مورد موضوع. نگاهی به روابط سلامت جسمانی،روان و ابعاد و مولفه های کالبدی فرم شهری به طور همزمان ممکن است به راهنمایی عملی در طراحی و مدیریت موثرتر فرم شهری سلامت محور کمک کند که به نفع همه ابعاد باشد.
A review of human history, activity and technology shows that since the beginning of human creation, the changes in the environment and human needs have gone together as an inseparable factor. Cities are complex systems that recent changes in people's lifestyles have caused the occurrence of many communicable and non-communicable diseases among city residents. In addition, in recent decades, the world has witnessed a variety of emerging infectious diseases, some of which have become global pandemics. In this article, it is tried to present the most comprehensive study to evaluate the relationship between urban physical features and urban health with emphasis on all dimensions. In this research, through a systematic review, the physical features of the urban form that affect urban health were first collected, and then the synergies and potential trade-offs between these dimensions were identified. In addition, by using the content analysis of selected articles, it is proposed to provide sub-criteria and criteria and a framework based on the physical dimensions of the health-oriented urban form by comprehensively considering the dimensions of health in the urban environment, which combines the mutual links between the urban form and urban health. Providing a new holistic perspective on the subject. Looking at the relationship between physical and mental health and dimensions and physical components of urban form simultaneously may help to provide practical guidance in designing and managing a more effective health-oriented urban form that benefits all dimensions.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Currently, more than half of the world's population lives in cities, with the growing trend of urbanization, urban issues have become numerous and more complex. , the needs that have never been constant and with the advancement of technology and changes in the lifestyle of citizens, have overshadowed the different aspects of human life. Meanwhile, health is one of the issues that should be paid attention to. Because all social efforts are aimed at providing a center that leads to the growth of peace and physical and mental health of the people of that society. But this is impossible without knowing the factors affecting health. Today, this concept has gradually expanded and has become a social model and a global goal from an individual concept. Recent changes in the lifestyle of people have caused a decrease in the level of general health among the residents of cities. The environment of cities is one of the places that influence this issue.
To help create a health-oriented urban form in line with the development of public health in cities, this article aims to review (a) a list of health-oriented urban form indicators used in these studies. (b) identifies potential synergies and exchanges between these physical dimensions of urban form and urban health and (c) a framework based on the health approach to identify the physical dimensions and components of the concept of health-oriented urban form to discover mutual links in relation to health and the form of the city and the attempt to achieve a comprehensive understanding of it suggests.
Methodology
In this research, through a systematic and meta-composite review, valid existing articles published in scientific databases without time and place restrictions were selected using PRISMA and were coded and qualitatively analyzed separately using the content analysis method based on the classification of the research onion. By using the content analysis of the selected articles, it is proposed to provide sub-criteria and criteria and a framework based on the physical dimensions of the health-oriented urban form by taking into account all aspects of health in the urban environment, which combines the mutual links between the urban form and urban health. It should be noted that MAXQDA 2022 software was used in all stages of the research for coding, review and analysis.
Results and discussion
From 9 selected articles, urban form indicators were obtained with an emphasis on urban health. We divided the obtained indicators including physical components into the criteria of density, diversity, land use mix, access, design and housing. And measurable and practical criteria were obtained by using open, central and selective coding, which is the basis of presenting the final practical and practical framework of the research. In general, physical indicators make up the majority of indicators and only one study has investigated all the above dimensions and components.
Although the dimensions that make up urban health, i.e. physical health, mental health and diseases, should be considered equally, studies under this approach have usually focused on physical and mental health in the urban environment. Also, in most of the urban form components examined in the existing studies, only a few components and limited indicators have been discussed. From all health articles screened, two main study designs were identified. The first one includes epidemiological studies, where health data are collected about communicable, infectious and chronic diseases. The design of the second study refers to experimental studies in the field of physical and mental health, and due to the novelty of studies in this field, comprehensive studies that examine form and health together are limited.
In the researches of Shin 2017, Moratidis 2017, 2021, 2022, King 2013, Han 2021, Sharifi 2020 and 2021, urban form studies are often related to definitions, views, and the investigation of some indicators in the neighborhood or urban context, according to Limitations of data and information as well as access to databases have been assessed using a questionnaire, but in none of these scientific sources all physical components have been evaluated simultaneously, as well as most of the indicators of urban form. Examining the physical index in the criteria of density, concentration and proximity, variety, accessibility, design and housing, of course, some of the above cases have been examined in each research and it is not comprehensive.
According to the findings obtained in the research, the physical components of the urban form are focused on the 5 main criteria of intensity, proximity, desirability, accessibility and variety, which were obtained from the relationship of the sub-criteria specified in the table, which is also presented in Figure 2. The indicators of each sub-criteria and criterion are clearly stated in the figure. For example, the intensity criterion based on the studies carried out includes three sub-criteria of concentration, density and compactness, which density itself includes the class index, residential per capita and population density, which is obtained based on the analysis of the selected articles. The focus includes the number of uses of the neighborhood center and the sub-criterion of compactness refers to the examination of the texture type. The number and indicators and the way of communication between the indicators, sub-criteria and the criterion do not have priority or delay and will be investigated according to the case sample (neighborhood, city or selected context) in each research.
Conclusion
In the applied model presented, the practical framework based on the indicators of urban form, sub-criteria and criteria of health-oriented urban form in localities and urban context has been examined. Therefore, in examining the components of the health-oriented urban form, it has been tried to comprehensively and comprehensively examine the cases accurately and in detail, once by examining the scientific resources available in the subject area of the components and once again by examining the indicators of the urban form and reaching the criteria. The main presented research should be examined. Finally, in the current research, a practical and practical framework was presented, which includes 5 criteria, 15 sub-criteria and 23 indicators of the health-oriented urban form.
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