ارزیابی قابلیت محیطی پارکهای شهری تبریز از منظر مشاهدات محیطی پژوهشگران در قیاس با میزان ادراکات کاربران سالمند از آن
پریسا هاشم پور
1
(
گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
)
فرهاد احمدنژاد
2
(
گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
)
زهرا علمی
3
(
گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
)
فرزانه صلاحی مهر
4
(
گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
)
کلید واژه: قابلیت محیطی, پارکهای شهری, مشاهدات محیطی, ادراک سالمند, تبریز,
چکیده مقاله :
سالمندی بهعنوان یک روند طبیعی گذر زندگی، زمان بروز برخی محدودیتهاست. نسبت قابلتوجهی از استفادهکنندگان فضاهای شهری و از آن جمله پارکها را سالمندان تشکیل میدهند و این نسبت پیوسته افزایش مییابد. از این رو ایفای حق سالمندان به فضاهای شهری ایجاب مینماید که این فضاها برای آنان متناسبسازی گردد. هدف پژوهش ارزیابی قابلیت محیطی پارکهای شهری تبریز از منظر مشاهدات محیطی پژوهشگران در قیاس با میزان ادراکات کاربران سالمند از آن است. این تحقیق از نوع کیفی_کمی و از نظر هدف کاربردی است. در بخش نظری، مولفههای قابلیت محیطی پارکهای شهری برای سالمندان متاثر از دو بعد نیازهای انسان و مشخصات محیطی، با مراجعه به منابع کتابخانهای در چهار بخش قابلیت فیزیکی، شناختی، روانی و نمادین شناسایی و تعیین گردیدند. بر این اساس در بخش میدانی، قابلیت محیطی پارکهای مناطق دهگانه تبریز از منظر مشاهدات محیطی پژوهشگران در قیاس با میزان ادراکات کاربران سالمند از آنها بهروش مشاهدات رفتاری و پرسشنامه، ارزیابی گردید. جامعه آماری پرسشنامهها، تمامی سالمندان مراجعهکننده بوده و حجم نمونه با روش اشباع نظری به 140 نفر رسید. روش نمونهگیری، غیرتصادفی و بهصورت هدفمند سهمیهای بوده و برای تجزیهوتحلیل اطلاعات، از نرمافزار SPSS استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از مشاهدات پژوهشگران نشان میدهد بر اساس شاخص وزندهی شده از 100 برای تمامی مولفهها، پارک باغ امامی و هشترودی با امتیازات 65/62 و 63 مناسبترین و پارک رازی با امتیاز 98/28 نامناسبترین پارک برای سالمندان میباشد. نتایج حاصل از مصاحبۀ سالمندان نشان میدهد پارک باغ امامی و هشترودی با امتیازات 16/58 و 02/59 مناسبترین و پارک بنفشه با امتیاز 83/32 نامناسبترین پارک برای سالمندان میباشد. نتایج یافتهها بیانگر اختلاف فراوان دیدگاه پژوهشگران و سالمندان در قابلیت نمادین و فیزیکی پارکها و اختلاف کم آن در قابلیتهای اجتماعی پارکها و تطابق دیدگاه دو گروه در قابلیت شناختی پارکها بودهاست. نتایج کلی حاصل از پژوهش نشان میدهد که قابلیتهای موجود در محیط طراحی شده به صورت بالقوه بوده و این قابلیتها لزوما توسط کاربران سالمند ادراک نمیشود.
چکیده انگلیسی :
Aging is a natural process in the life course during which certain limitations emerge. The elderly constitute a significant proportion of urban space users, including parks and this proportion is continually increasing. Therefore, upholding the right of the elderly to urban spaces necessitates the adaptation and appropriate design of these spaces for their use. The objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental affordances of urban parks in Tabriz, comparing researchers' field observations with elderly users' perceptions. This applied research employs a mixed-methods approach in its methodology. In the theoretical phase, the components of environmental affordances in urban parks for the elderly—derived from the two overarching dimensions of human needs and environmental characteristics—were identified and delineated through a comprehensive review of literature into four primary categories: physical, cognitive, psychological and symbolic affordances. Accordingly, in the field phase, the environmental affordances of parks across the ten districts of Tabriz were evaluated by comparing researchers' systematic environmental observations with the perceptions of elderly users, employing behavioral mapping and structured questionnaires The study population for the questionnaires consisted of all elderly park visitors. The sample size was determined based on the principle of theoretical saturation, resulting in 140 participants. A non-random, purposive quota sampling method was utilized, and data analysis was performed using SPSS. The results from the researchers' field observations indicate that, based on a weighted index (out of 100) encompassing all components, Bagh Emami (62.65) and Hashtroodi Park (63) were assessed as the most suitable, while Razi Park (28.98) was identified as the least suitable park for elderly users. The results obtained from the interviews with elderly users reveal that Bagh Emami (58.16) and Hashtroodi Park (59.02) were perceived as the most suitable, while Banafsheh Park (32.83) was rated as the least suitable park for the elderly. The findings indicate a significant discrepancy between researchers' and elderly users' perceptions of the parks' symbolic and physical affordances, a minor discrepancy regarding social affordances, and a convergence in their assessment of cognitive affordances. The overall findings of the study demonstrate that the affordances provided by the designed environment remain potential, and these capacities are not necessarily perceived or actualized by elderly users.
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