واکاوی عوامل زیست محیطی موثر بر افزایش حس تعلق مکانی شهروندان (موردمطالعه : پارک های حاشیه رودخانه اروندرود)
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی محیطیمحمد حسین رضاپناه 1 , وحید قبادیان 2 * , مهدی خاک زند 3
1 - گروه معماری دانشکده معماری دانشگاه آزاد واحد امارات
2 - دکترای معماری، دانشگاه آزاد واحد بین الملل کیش، ایران.
3 - گروه معماری، واحد تهران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: حس تعلق به مکان, پارک های حاشیه ای, رودخانه اروند رود, معیار زیست محیطی,
چکیده مقاله :
حاشیه رودخانه‌هاي شهري، فضاهاي پنهانی هستند که با توجه به كمبود سبزینگی و فضاهاي باز در شهرها، می توانند فرصت‌هايي در جهت ایجاد حس تعلق و بهبود فضای شهری ایجاد نمایند. اما متاسفانه علیرغم پتانسيل‌هاي فراواني كه این فضاها دارند؛ استفاده كامل و درخوري از آنها نمی‌شود. در این پژوهش نویسندگان با تاکید بر محیط زیست و با هدف بررسی وضعیت پارک های حاشیه رودخانه اروندرود، به شناسایی و رتبه بندی عوامل زیست محیطی موثر بر ارتقای حس تعلق شهروندان در پارک‌های حاشیه رودخانه اورند رود ( چهار محدوده چیتگر، اصفهان، خرمهشر و خوردبی) می پردازند. این پژوهش که ماهیت کاربردی دارد، از نوع کمی بوده و به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی تهیه شده است. شیوه گردآوری اطلاعات به صورت مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه انجام پذیرفته است. جامعه آماری تحقیق کاربران، مسافرین و ساکنین اطراف پارک های حاشیه ای رودخانه ها می باشند که از بین آنها 230 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شده اند. تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از آزمون همبستگی، محاسبه آماره کای اسکوئر و رتبه بندی مولفه ها با استفاده از نرم افزار Expert Choice به روش سلسله مراتبAHP) ) انجام پذیرفته است. یافته ها نشان می دهد تاثیرگذاری معیار زیست محیطی بر ایجاد حس تعلق شهروندان در محدوده چیتگر بیشترین میزان و در محدوده خرمشهر کمترین میزان را به خود اختصاص داده است. همچنین در میان مولفه های زیست محیطی (عناصر طبيعي و آسايش محيطي، عدم آلودگی محیطی، عدم آلودگی صوتی، تنوع پوشش گیاهی و فضای سبز، توجه به اقلیم و هماهنگی با زیست بوم منطقه)، مولفه تنوع پوشش گياهي و فضاي سبز بالاترین رتبه اثرگذاری را در سه محدوده اصفهان، خرمشهر، خوردبی به خود اختصاص داده است و مولفه هماهنگی با زیست بوم منطقه بالاترین رتبه در محدوده چیتگر را کسب نموده است. نتایج این تحقیق بیانگر این است که تبدیل پارک های حاشیه ای به مکان های پایدار نیاز به برقراری تعادل بین طبیعت و محیط انسان ساخت دارد و طراحی این فضاها بایستی حول محور طبیعت انجام گیرد تا بتواند ضمن ایجاد حس تعلق مکانی در شهروندان به بهبود فضاهای شهری کمک نماید
The urban river margins are hidden spaces that, in view of the lack of greenery and open spaces in cities, can provide opportunities for fostering a sense of belonging and improving the urban environment. Unfortunately, despite the abundant potential of these spaces, they are not fully and properly utilized. In this study, the authors focus on the environment and aim to identify and rank the environmental factors that contribute to enhancing the sense of belonging of citizens in the river margin parks of the Arvandrud (in the Chitgar, Isfahan, Khorramshahr, and Khordobi areas). This practical research is quantitative in nature and has been conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. Data was collected through library and field studies, using a questionnaire as a tool. The statistical population of the study consists of park users, travelers, and residents around the river margin parks, among whom 230 individuals were selected as the sample through purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed using correlation tests, calculation of the squared Kappa statistic, and ranking of the components using the Expert Choice software and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The findings indicate that the environmental criterion has the greatest impact on creating a sense of belonging among citizens in the Chitgar area and the least impact in the Khorramshahr area. Additionally, among the environmental components (natural elements and environmental comfort, environmental pollution, noise pollution, plant cover diversity and green spaces, attention to climate and adaptation to the region's ecosystem), the plant cover diversity and green spaces component has the highest level of influence in the Isfahan, Khorramshahr, and Khordobi areas, while the adaptation to the region's ecosystem component has the highest rank in the Chitgar area. The results of this research indicate that transforming river margin parks into sustainable areas requires establishing a balance between nature and the human environment, and the design of these spaces should revolve around nature in order to foster a sense of place among citizens and contribute to the improvement of urban spaces.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The River Margin Area encompasses diverse environmental features such as lush greenery, picturesque landscapes, soothing tranquility, aesthetic beauty, psychological well-being, and health considerations. Within these river margin areas, the presence of natural elements, harmonious spatial design, and thoughtful integration with the surrounding context contribute to a higher level of public enjoyment and appreciation. However, in certain regions, including our country, this natural blessing has turned into a predicament, leading to social and environmental challenges. This has resulted in a decreased interest and visitation to these areas by citizens. River margin parks, including those along the Arvandrud River, have been developed without proper consideration for their impact on users' sense of belonging, which has weakened social interactions and reduced park usage. Therefore, a reevaluation of the design and organization of these parks, with a focus on connecting with nature, can enhance social vitality and strengthen the sense of place belonging. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the environmental factors that significantly contribute to the creation and enhancement of citizens' sense of place belonging in river margin parks. Through a descriptive-analytical approach, the study will identify and rank these factors in the context of the Arvandrud River. The main objective is to examine the current state of citizens' sense of place belonging in river margin parks in Iran. The following key research questions will be addressed: 1. How does the environmental criterion influence the sense of place belonging in the studied areas? 2. What are the influential environmental components for enhancing citizens' sense of place belonging in river margin parks along the Arvandrud River? 3. Which components have the highest and lowest impact on creating and enhancing the sense of place belonging in river margin parks along the Arvandrud River?
Methodology
The current research is of a quantitative nature, with an applied purpose. Field instruments questionnaire were used to collect research data. The questionnaire items were designed, considering the data obtained from library studies and the theoretical foundations of the present research. The Likert five-point scale was used, and the questionnaires were administered to the research sample. The statistical population of the study consists of residents around the river margin parks, as well as travelers and non-resident users. Among them, 230 individuals were selected as the sample through purposive sampling. The questionnaire items were assessed using correlation analysis. The data analysis was conducted using correlation tests to examine the relationships, calculate the squared Kappa statistic to measure the agreement, and rank the component factors using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, carried out through the Expert Choice software. The study area is the river margin of the Arvandrud in Khorramshahr city, which is divided into four areas: Chitgar, Isfahan, Khorramshahr, and Khordobi, for the purpose of this research.
Results and discussion
The field findings indicate that the environmental criterion had the highest impact on the sense of belonging in the Chitgar area and the lowest impact in the Khorramshahr area. To confirm or refute these findings, the squared Kappa statistic for this criterion was calculated in the study areas. The obtained values show that the squared Kappa statistic is 553.9 in the Chitgar area and 846.6 in the Khorramshahr area, demonstrating the highest lowest statistics, respectively. Therefore, the alignment of these values with the field findings confirms the accuracy of the results and indicates that the environmental criterion has the greatest impact in fostering a sense of place belonging in citizens in the Chitgar area and the least impact in the Khorramshahr area. Furthermore, among the environmental components (natural elements and environmental comfort, environmental pollution noise pollution, plant cover diversity and green spaces, attention to climate, and adaptation to the region's ecosystem), the component of plant cover diversity and green spaces has obtained the highest ranking in the Isfahan, Khorramshahr, and Khordobi areas. The component of adaptation to the region's ecosystem has achieved the highest ranking in the Chit area.
Conclusion
The results obtained from this research indicate that transforming river margin parks into sustainable and popular places requires establishing a balance between nature and the human environment. Therefore, the design of these spaces should revolve around nature in order to foster a sense of place belonging in citizens and contribute to the improvement of urban spaces. Factors such as considering the region's climate, utilizing diverse plant cover, harmonizing with the surrounding context, and creating dynamic and memorable spaces for local ceremonies and events should be prioritized in the design of these parks. Additionally, providing conditions to prevent environmental pollution, such as defining pedestrian and bicycle paths for users while preserving public health, can be effective in enhancing the quality of the urban landscape and improving the visual appearance of parks. The creation of vegetated sound barriers also helps to reduce noise pollution and provides optimal conditions for users to enjoy the parks.
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