تحلیل تاثیر تکنولوژی ساخت و سازهای نو معماری در بیمارستان های ارتقا دهنده سلامت بر رفاه اجتماعی در شهرها
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی محیطی
مجتبی هاشم زهی
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جمال الدین مهدی نژاد درزی
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باقر کریمی
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1 - دانشجوی دکترای معماری ، گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران
2 - استادتمام گروه معماری، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجائی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، بوشهر، ایران
کلید واژه: تکنولوژی ساخت و ساز, بیمارستان شفا بخش, بیمارستان ارتقا دهنده سلامت, برنامه ریزی رفاه اجتماعی در شهرها,
چکیده مقاله :
بیمارستان به عنوان مکانی در شهرها که فرایند مراقبت و درمان بیمار در آن انجام میگیرد، از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است و در محیط آن، محوریت انسان و پاسخگویی به نیازهای او اولویت است. در تحقیق حاضر به دنبال پاسخ به این سوال هستیم که چه عواملی مرتبط با معماری در طراحی فضاهای درمانی در شهرها باعث بهبود سلامت میشود ؟ چگونه میتوان به کمک طراحی و ارتقا بیمارستان به رفاه اجتماعی در شهرها رسید؟ معمارى ضعیف بیمارستان مى تواند بر سلامتى و روان بیماران و همین طور جلوه و سیمای شهری تأثیر منفى بگذارد و طراحى خوب مى تواند به تقویت توانایى ها و کاهش استرس آن ها کمک نماید و تاثیر دو سویه بین فضای بیمارستان ها در شهر بر ارتقا سلامت بیماران و ارتقا رفاه اجتماعی میباشد. روش تحقیق کیفی و با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی می باشد، (Delphi) یکی از روش‌های تصمیم‌گیری گروهی است که برای دستیابی به توافق پیرامون مساله مورد بررسی از دیدگاه خبرگان استفاده میشود. مولفه های به دست آمده به وسیله شاخص روایی CVRو CVI تجزیه و تحلیل شدو سپس راهکارهای عملی بررسی شده از نمونه های موردی و پژوهش های بررسی شده، در جدول راهکارهای طراحی ارائه شده است. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ در دو دﺳﺘﻪي اﺻلی ﻣﺆ ﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ داﺧلی و ﺧﺎرجی ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. درﻣﺤﯿﻂ داﺧلی، ﻋﻮاﻣلی ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﻠﻤﺎن، رنگ، ﻧﻘﺎشیﻫﺎي دﯾﻮاري و ﻧﻮر پردازي ﻣﻮرد اﺷﺎره ﻗﺮارگرﻓﺖ. در محیط خارجی، ارتباط بصری با طبیعت و تامین چشم انداز، نور و مصالح طبیعی هستند، توسط طراحان پروژه اعمال شده اند. در نتیجه طراحی بایستی به صورتی باشد که از طریق راهبردهای مختلف همچون حیاط مرکزی و یا بام سبز در طبقات بتوانند دسترسی مستقیم به طبیعت و استفاده حداکثری از ان را بوجود آورند در نهایت طراحیمناسب ذاخلی و همین طور فضاهای شهریمناسب میتواند روند بهبود را افزایش دهد و بر سلامت روانی و جسمی بیماران به میزان زیادی مؤثر واقع شود و ارتقا کیفیت درمان و رفاه اجتماعی در شهرها برهم تاثیر دوسویه و متقابل دارند.
As a place in the cities where the process of patient care and treatment is carried out, the hospital is of particular importance and in its environment, human-centeredness and responding to his needs is a priority. In this research, we are looking for an answer to the question that what factors related to architecture in the design of therapeutic spaces in cities improve health? How can social welfare in cities be achieved with the help of hospital design and improvement? The poor architecture of the hospital can have a negative effect on the health and mental health of the patients, as well as the appearance of the city, and good design can help strengthen their abilities and reduce their stress, and the two-way effect of the atmosphere of the hospitals in the city on improving the health of the patients. and promoting social welfare. The method of qualitative research is using the Delphi technique, Delphi is one of the group decision-making methods that is used to reach an agreement on the issue under investigation from the point of view of experts. The obtained components were analyzed by CVR and CVI reliability index, and then the practical solutions reviewed from the case examples and researches reviewed are presented in the table of design solutions. The findings have been classified into two main categories of internal and external environment components. In the interior environment, factors such as furniture, color, wall paintings and lighting are indicated. In the external environment, the visual connection with nature and provision of landscape, light and natural materials are applied by the project designers. As a result, the design should be in such a way that through different strategies such as the central courtyard or the green roof on the floors, they can create direct access to nature and make maximum use of it. In the end, the suitable design improving the quality of treatment and social welfare in cities have a two-way and mutual effect.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The architectural environment as a platform for human activities has a profound effect on his health and psyche. The hospital environment affects the actions and interactions of patients and their families as well as service provider staff and can create stress levels by transferring negative concepts. Most of the visitors have a negative view of the hospital and imagine this place as a scary environment, and this is one of the concerns of the patient and their companions when they enter the hospital. In the current research, we are looking for an answer to the question that what factors related to new architectural technologies in the design of therapeutic spaces improve and promote health? How can modern technologies in design and architecture be used to improve the quality of hospitals and its impact on social welfare in cities? Our assumption is that paying attention to the influential components in the interior and exterior design of medical centers with the use of modern technologies will reduce stress and anxiety caused by being in these centers and increase relaxation, and will also affect social welfare in cities. is a transition The quality of health care is of two types: actual or real quality and perceived quality. The real quality is the quality of services provided in the therapeutic environment, while the perceived quality is the result of the person's presence and his experience of the environment in which he is placed. By increasing the correlation and interaction between a person and the surrounding environment, it can be effectively It reduced stress. As a result, by taking advantage of the internal architecture of therapeutic spaces and paying attention to physical factors, it is possible to create suitable spaces with spatial value based on the principles of aesthetics and functionality of architecture to reduce the stress and anxiety of patients caused by being in the medical center or disease. is reduced and took steps towards improving people's health, which is the most important goal of health promoting hospitals. In some countries, up to 20% of the population are in contact with hospitals as patients. The close relationship between people and their surrounding environment forms the basis of the socio-ecological approach to health, therefore, in any health promotion strategy, attention should be paid to the preservation and maintenance of the environment and the creation of healthy supportive environments.
Methodology
The research method is qualitative and using the Delphi technique. In the first stage, the components obtained from the background of the research were prepared in the form of a first round questionnaire and sent to 30 architects with a doctorate degree or architecture doctorate students. Purposive sampling method was used for sampling. The opinions of experts were collected and the average of their opinions was calculated. In the next step, the threshold intensity was determined and indicators were removed and added, and the questionnaire of the second round was adjusted and the average of the first round results was added. The results and components of the questionnaires were collected, analyzed and the continuation of the rounds was done. The final components obtained were determined. The needs and preferences of patients are based on using the field method through questionnaires and interviews from 100 patients discharged from Pars and Qaim hospitals in Rasht, collection and design solutions have been compiled based on them. Content validity was calculated using CVR and CVI methods, according to the obtained numbers, the questions and results have acceptable validity. The components obtained from the patients' preferences and the opinion of the elites have been put together, and finally, design strategies have been formulated for the greater impact of modern technologies in the design of hospitals and their improvement.
Results and discussion
Physical environments have a fundamental and central effect on the successful treatment of the patient, improvement and final results of the treatment. In general, the patterns related to nature in the space, and the presence of natural elements in the space, especially the provision of visual communication with nature and the next priority of providing daylight, have been given the most points by the experts. Reducing the amount of stress in people has a significant impact on health, and it decreases unconsciously and spontaneously when exposed to or in nature. The final components show that strong social relationships facilitate the process of healing and getting rid of the disease. Therefore, there is a great tendency towards long meeting hours and attractive waiting places in medical environments. It is better to design a green space close to the patients' room and the waiting area for entering the hospital. The internal body and form of the building can affect the behavior of patients. Space design with high flexibility and diversity in terms of surface arrangement can accept different functions and create a sense of satisfaction, peace and dynamism in the audience. It is necessary to plan very clear physical and mental connections between spaces in order not to cause confusion in patients and reduce stress. The use of natural landscapes in the form of interior design, such as panels or wall and ceiling plaques, by creating distraction, plays positive results in improvement. Considering that patients spend most of their time in bed during treatment in the hospital, one of the most important factors in designing a suitable space is the proper lighting of the patient's room in the hospital, especially in the area where the bed is located.
Conclusion
Design and architecture can help reduce people's stress levels and increase their satisfaction. The results have been classified into two main categories of internal and external environment components. In the indoor environment, factors such as diversity and spatial layout, users' needs and experiences, aesthetics, safety and security, and ergonomics and their components are mentioned. In the design of the external environment, architects play the main role, and with proper design and appropriate to the physical and mental needs of patients, they can improve the level of treatment in the society, the poor architecture of these environments can cause behavioral disorders to worsen and fear and anxiety in them. The use of site capabilities and the creation of healing gardens in treatment areas have been used for years as a solution in this regard. Landscape, light and natural materials are applied by project designers. The design should be in such a way that through different strategies such as a central courtyard or a green roof on the floors, they can create direct access to nature and its maximum use, the presence of water, which is one of the most healing elements of nature, and connection with natural systems. They can only be implemented in these sections.
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