اثربخشی آموزش مهارت حل مسأله بر استرس
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتی
محسن شکوهی یکتا
1
(عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه تهران)
اکرم پرند
2
(عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه تهران)
سعید اکبری زردخانه
3
(دانشجوی دکتری سنجش و اندازه گیری دانشگاه تهران)
کلید واژه: سبک فرزندپروری, مهارت‌های حل مسأله, استرس والدینی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از مطالعۀ حاضر ارزیابی اثربخشی آموزش مهارت حل مسأله بر کاهش استرس‌های والدینی و سبک فرزندپروری آنان است. روش پژوهش شبه‌تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون ـ پس‌آزمون تک‌گروهی است. جامعۀ آماری را والدین دانش‌آموزان مدارس غیرانتفاعی شهر تهران تشکیل می‌دادند که از بین آنها والدین 33دانش‌آموز به شیوۀ در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش دو پرسشنامۀ میزان استرس‌های والدین (شکوهی‌یکتا و پرند، 1386 ب) و روش‌های فرزندپروری (شکوهی‌یکتا و پرند، 1386) بودند. والدین در کارگاههای آموزشی تربیت کودک اندیشمند شرکت کردند. والدین در این کارگاهها در زمینۀ استفاده از روش حل مسأله برای تغییر فرایند شناختی خود در رویارویی با رفتارهای چالش‌برانگیز کودکان و واکنش مناسب نسبت به رفتار کودکان خود آموزش دیدند. کارگاهها به مدت 10 جلسۀ دوساعته و یک روز در هفته برگزار می‌شدند. از والدین توسط پرسشنامه‌ها قبل از شروع کارگاه، پیش‌آزمون و همچنین در پایان دورۀ آموزشی پس‌آزمون گرفته شد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری (55/0=2η، 05/0P < ) نشان داد که آموزش در بهبود 3 مؤلفه تنبیه و توبیخ، توصیۀ بدون توضیح و حل مسأله تأثیر معناداری داشته است. لذا می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که از آموزش حل مسأله به والدین به‌عنوان شیوه‌ای برای بهبود روش‌های تربیتی آنان در تربیت کودکان می‌توان استفاده کرد.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching problem-solving skills on reducing parental stresses and parenting style. The study used quasi experimental method with single group, pre-test, post-test design. Statistical population included all the parents of students in non-profit schools in Tehran which 33 parents were selected by available sampling method. Instruments included two questionnaires, level of parental stresses (Shokoohi-Yekta and Parand, 2006) and parenting styles stresses (Shokoohi-Yekta and Parand, 2006). Parents participated in the Raising a Thinking Child Workshop. In this workshop, parents learned problem solving strategies to change their cognitive processes when they encounter challenging behaviors of their children and to respond appropriately to them. Workshop consisted of 10 sessions, each two hours per week. Participants completed the instruments in pretest (start of the training) and post test (end of the training) stages. The results of analysis of multi variance (P < 0.05, η2=0.55) showed that training significantly improved three parenting styles: Punishment, Suggestion without explanation, and Problem Solving. Therefore it was concluded that teaching problem solving to parents can be applied as a way of improving their parenting style.
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