واکاوی و تبیین الگوهای برنامه درسی آموزش عالی در ایران
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
محمد جوادی پور
1
(دانشیار گروه روش¬ها و برنامه¬ریزی درسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.)
سمیه رحیمی
2
(گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران)
مریم بنی عامریان
3
(دکتری برنامه‌ریزی درسی، گروه روش¬ها و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.)
هستی فرخ پور
4
(4دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد تحقیقات آموزشی، گروه روش¬ها و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: آموزش عالی, الگو, ایران, برنامه درسی.,
چکیده مقاله :
طراحی برنامه‌های درسی یکی از چالش‌های مهم اساتید دانشگاه‌ها است، چرا که چیدمان عناصر برنامه درسی به گونه‌ای که منجر به یادگیری شود کار دشواری است. به همین دلیل وجود الگوهای برنامه درسی می‌توانند اساتید و برنامه‌ریزان درسی دانشگاهی را در طراحی و تدوین برنامه‌های درسی به نوعی همراهی و در تصمیم گیری یاری نمایند. الگو در تدوین برنامه‌های درسی دانشگاهی به مثابه نقشه دقیق برای رسیدن به هدف تعبیر می‌شود. به همین منظور، پژوهش حاضر، با هدف بررسی الگوهای برنامه درسی آموزش عالی در ایران انجام شده است. پژوهش فوق با مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات و تکنیک تحلیل محتوای کیفی (تحلیل مضمون) در میان منابع و اسناد گردآوری شده از پایگاه‌های علمی معتبر، در نهایت تعداد 11 مقاله را بررسی کرده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد تمرکز پژوهشگران در ارائه الگوها بیشتر روی عناصر چهارگانه تایلر و با تعداد کمتر روی عناصر نه‌گانه و ده‌گانه برنامه درسی بوده است و ابعاد کلان برنامه درسی در آموزش عالی مورد غفلت قرارگرفته است. طراحی الگوهای پیشنهادی (ارائه چارچوب) جزو فعالیت‌های مهم برنامه‌ریزان و تصمیم‌گیرندگان برنامه درسی است و آموزش‌های دانشگاهی نیز ناگزیر به طراحی و اجرای الگوهای پیشنهادی (چارچوب‌های تعیین شده) برنامه درسی هستند. اما محور مورد توجه که باید پژوهشگران به آن دقت بیشتری داشته باشند وسعت توجه به ابعاد کلان‌تر برنامه درسی و نه عناصر و محتوای برنامه درسی است.
Curriculum design is one of the important challenges of university professors, because arranging curriculum elements in a way that leads to learning is a difficult task. For this reason, the existence of curriculum templates can help university professors and curriculum planners in designing and compiling curricula in a way and in making decisions. The model in the development of university curricula is interpreted as a detailed plan to achieve the goal. For this purpose, the present research has been conducted with the aim of examining the curriculum patterns of higher education in Iran. The above research has been done with a systematic literature review and qualitative content analysis technique (theme analysis) among sources and documents collected from scientific databases. The results of the research show that the focus of the researchers in providing models was mostly on Tyler's four elements and less on the nine and ten elements of the curriculum, and the macro dimensions of the curriculum in higher education have been neglected. Designing the proposed models (providing the framework) is one of the important activities of curriculum planners and decision makers, and university educations are also forced to design and implement the proposed models (determined frameworks) of the curriculum. But the focus of attention that researchers should pay more attention to is the extent of attention to the larger dimensions of the curriculum and not the elements and content of the curriculum.
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