تأثیر آموزش زیست شناسی به روش تفکر استقرایی بر سطوح یادگیری درس زیست شناسی دانش‌آموزان پسر پایه دوم متوسطه
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسیسعید ویسی کهره 1 , رسول کردنوقابی 2 , مهران فرهادی 3
1 - 1کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی تربیتی. دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، همدان، ایران
2 - 2دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، همدان، ایران
3 - 3استادیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، همدان، ایران
کلید واژه: سطوح یادگیری, زیست شناسی, تفکر استقرایی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش شناسایی اثربخشی روش تدریس تفکر استقرایی بر سطوح یادگیری (یادآوری، فهمیدن، کاربستن) دانش‌آموزان پسر پایه دوم متوسطه شهر همدان در درس زیست شناسی بود. طرح پژوهشی مورد استفاد از نوع آزمایشی(چهارگروهی سولومون) بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کلیه دانش‌آموزان پسر پایه دوم مقطع متوسطه دبیرستان‌های روزانه و دولتی شهر همدان و روش نمونه‌گیری از نوع خوشه‌ای است. در این طرح از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته پیشرفت تحصیلی 30 سؤالی از نوع چهار گزینه‌ای (با روایی محتوایی) استفاده شد که 10 سؤال اول آزمون را یادآوری (میزان یادگیری) و 20 سؤال بعد آزمون پیشرفت تحصیلی را فهمیدن و کاربستن (عمق یادگیری) اندازه‌گیری می‌کرد. در طرح آزمایشی 80 نفر از دانش‌آموزان به صورت تصادفی در چهار گروه (دوگروه کنترل و دو گروه آزمایشی) 20 نفری قرار گرفتند. در ابتدا از آزمودنی‌ها با استفاده از آزمون محقق ساخته پیشرفت تحصیلی پیش آزمون به عمل آمد. طرح آزمایشی طی 7 جلسه اجرا شد و پس از اتمام جلسات آموزشی از هر چهار گروه پس آزمون (آزمون محقق ساخته پیشرفت تحصیلی) به عمل آمد. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در تمامی فرضیه‌ها از تجزیه و تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره (مانووا) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد آموزش به روش تفکر استقرایی بر میزان یادگیری (سطح یادآوری) دانش‌آموزان معنادار بود. ولی به کارگیری این روش تدریس بر عمق یادگیری (سطوح فهمیدن و کاربستن) معنادار نبود. بنابراین روش تدریس تفکر استقرایی میزان یادگیری دانش‌آموزان را در درس زیست‌شناسی افزایش می‌دهد اما نمی‌تواند عمق یادگیری آنان را ارتقا دهد.
Focusing on the male students in the second grade of high school in Hamedan city, this research had been conducted to identify the effectiveness of the inductive teaching method on the learning levels :(remembering, understanding, and applying). It was, also, designed based on the experimental type (Solomon's four groups). All the students in second grade of high schools in Hamedan had been chosen as the statistical population, based on the cluster sampling. To collect the data, a researcher-made questioner, including 30 multiple questions (with content validity) was used, the first ten of which focused on the remembering (the extent of learning) and the rest measured the understanding and applying (the depth of learning). Randomly selected, 80 students had been categorized in four groups of 20 students (2 control groups and 2 experimental groups). At first, the pre-test was taken and after passing seven sessions of education, all four groups were given the post- test. In order to analyze the data, MANOVA was used. Based on the findings, it was determined that inductive thinking method had significant effect on the extent of learning (remembering) however, there was no significant effect regarding the depth of learning (understanding, applying). It can be, therefore, said that this very teaching method can increase the extent of the learning but not the depth of learning.
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