تحلیل رابطه فرسودگی کالبدی و جرم در کلانشهرها ( نمونه موردی: منطقة 12 شهرتهران)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
هابیل حیدرخانی
1
(استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی، واحداسلام آبادغرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اسلام آباد غرب، ایران)
رضا مختاری ملک آبادی
2
(دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)
مسلم رستمی
3
(استادیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
فریاد پرهیز
4
(دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران)
کلید واژه: فرسودگی, جرایم شهری, کلانشهر تهران, منطقة 12,
چکیده مقاله :
بافت فرسودة شهر تهران، 3268 هکتار است که حدود 5 درصد مساحت شهر تهران را تشکیل می دهد و منطقه 12 که هستة تاریخی است، از فرسوده ترین مناطق شهری تهران می باشد. بروز انواع ناهنجاری های اجتماعی در بافت های فرسودة کلانشهر تهران به دغدغه ای بسیار مهم برای مدیران شهری تبدیل شده است. لذا این پژوهش، با هدف بررسی الگوهای مکانی و شرایط تسهیل کنندة ارتکاب جرایم در محدودة بافت های فرسوده منطقة 12 کلانشهر تهران انجام شده است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی و روش آن تحلیلی، تطبیقی می باشد. در این پژوهش برای شناسایی الگوهای فضایی توزیع جرایم از آزمون های: شاخص نزدیک‌ترین همسایه و تخمین تراکم کرنل استفاده شده است. جامعة آماری پژوهش حاضر مشتمل برافراد مجرمی است که در کلانتری های تهران برای آنها پرونده تشکیل شده است و به عنوان نمونه آماری، 560 فقره از جرایم منطقه 12 شهرداری تهران بررسی شده است. یافته ها نشان می دهد مرکز تمرکز کانون های جرم خیز در قسمت های مرکزی و شمال شرقی و شمال غربی منطقة 12 تهران شکل گرفته است که این امر نشان از وضعیت نامساعد این بخش از نظر بزهکاری نسبت به سایر بخش های دیگر آن دارد. بیشترین درصد جرایم در بلوک هایی با 60 -40، 80-60، 100-80 درصد بی دوامی رخ داده است. به طوری که از مجموع 560 فقره بزه ارتکابی، 509 فقره معادل 69/87 درصد کل جرایم در بلوک های بی دوام با درصد بالای بی دوامی اتفاق افتاده است.
The worn out texture of Tehran city is 3268 hectares, which accounts for about 5 percent of the total area of the city of Tehran, and the district 12, which is the historical core, is one of the worst urban areas in Tehran. The emergence of various social anomalies in Tehran's metropolis has become a major concern for urban managers. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the spatial patterns and facilitating conditions of committing crimes in the area of worn out texture of the region of 12 metropolitan area of Tehran. The current research is applied and its method is analytical, comparative. In this study, tests for the nearest neighbor and kernel density estimates were used to identify spatial patterns of crime distribution. The statistical population of the present study consisted of convicted offenders who have been filed in Tehran's clinics. As a statistical sample, 560 cases of crimes in district 12 of Tehran municipality have been investigated. The findings show that the concentration center of mass corpses has been formed in central, northeastern and northwestern parts of the district 12 of Tehran, which indicates the unfavorable situation of this section in terms of delinquency than other parts of it. has it. The highest percentages of crimes occurred in blocks of 40-60, 60-80, 80-100% unbearable. From the total of 560 crimes committed, 509 cases equaled 87.69% of all crimes occurred in unrelenting blocks with a high percentage of infamy.
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Nes, A. v., & Rueb, L. (2009). Spatial Behaviour in Dutch Dwelling Areas- How Housing Layouts Affects the Behaviour of its Users. Paper presented at the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium, Stockholm.
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Rezazadeh, R., & Khabir, S. (2010). Investigation of Situational Situation of Crime Prevention in the View of Urban Architects and Designers. Quarterly Journal of the Twentieth Years, 31 (Successive 66), 58-63. (In persian)
Salehi, I. (2009). The role of urbanization (environmental theory) in the prevention of urban maladaptive behaviors, Journal of Fine Arts. Architecture and Urban Development, 39, 127-137. (In persian)
Zangi Abadi, A., & Rahimi Nader, H. (2010). Spatial Analysis of Crime in Karaj City (Using GIS), Quarterly Journal of Law. Journal of Faculty of Law and Political Science, 40 (2), 179-198. (In persian)
Weisburd, D. (2004). Criminal careers of place: A longitudinal study,U.S. Department of justice, National Institute of Justice.
_||_Armitage, R., & Gamman, L. (2009). Sustainability via Security: A New Look. Built Environment, 35 (3), 297-301.
Atlas, R. (1999). Environmental Design that Prevents Crime, the construction specifier, Atlas Safety & Security Design. S antamonica.
Arthur-Worrey, F., & Chukwuma, I. (2011). The Lagos State Crime and Safety Survey,Challenges and Outcome, 12 th UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Salvador, Brazil, 12-19.
Barimani, F., & Shoa’abadi, A. (2009). The ancient texture of cities, the frontier of the material and spiritual culture of Islamic cities (case study: the old tissue of Khaf city). Geography and Development Quarterly, 15, 89-112. (In persian)
Chi pun chung, E. (2005). Use of GIS in campus crime analysis: A case study of the university of Hong Kong. For the degree of master of geographic information systems at the university of Hong Kong.
Cozens, P.M., Saville, G., & Hillier, D. (2005). Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED): A Review and Modern Bibliography. Journal of Property Management, 23 (5), 328-356.
Cozens, P.M. (2008). New Urbanism, Crime and the Suburbs: A Review of the Evidence. Urban Policy and Research, 26 (4), 429-444.
Cozens، P.M. (2007). Planning، crime and urban sustainability. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 102.
DuPlessis, C. (1999). The Links Between Crime Prevention and Sustainable Development, Open House International, 24 (1), 33-40.
Felson, M. (2006). Crime and Nature. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks، California.
Kalantari, M., Qazelbash, S., & Yaghmaei, B. (2010). Geographic Survey of Mass Crime Centers in Zanjan City (Case Study: Narcotics Crime). Quarterly Journal of Human Geography, 74, 41-59. (In persian)
Kiani, A., Salariye Sardari, F., & Afrasiabadi Rad, M.S. (2010). Investigation of Urban Identity in the Modernization and Modernization of Historical Texts (Case Study: Gor-Firuzabad City). Geographic Space Quarterly, 10 (30), 21-43. (In persian)
Kneebone, E., & Raphael, S. (2011). City and Suburban Crime Trends in Metropolitan America. Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings.
Meshkini, A., Ziari, K.A., Kalantari, M., & Shard, P. (2013). Analysis of the spatial-physical analysis of social anomalies in informal settlements (Case study: Unofficial settlement of Islamabad in Zanjan city). Human Resource Research Journal, 84, 1-16. (In persian)
Momeni, M., Beyk Mohammadi, H., & Mehdizadeh, Z. (2010). An analysis of the plans for the renovation and renovation of worn-out tissues (case study: Joyabar District of Isfahan). Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 2 (7), 31- 52. (In persian)
Monzavi, M., Soleimani, M., Tuliya, S., & Chavooshi, I. (2010). The vulnerability of worn-out tissues in the central part of Tehran against earthquakes (Region 12). Geographical Research Quarterly, 73, 1-18. (In persian)
Nes, A. v., & Rueb, L. (2009). Spatial Behaviour in Dutch Dwelling Areas- How Housing Layouts Affects the Behaviour of its Users. Paper presented at the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium, Stockholm.
Pérez Salazar, B. (2011). Social Urbanism as a Crime Prevention Strategy: The Case of Medellin, Colombia, 12th UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Salvador, Brazil, 12-19.
Rezazadeh, R., & Khabir, S. (2010). Investigation of Situational Situation of Crime Prevention in the View of Urban Architects and Designers. Quarterly Journal of the Twentieth Years, 31 (Successive 66), 58-63. (In persian)
Salehi, I. (2009). The role of urbanization (environmental theory) in the prevention of urban maladaptive behaviors, Journal of Fine Arts. Architecture and Urban Development, 39, 127-137. (In persian)
Zangi Abadi, A., & Rahimi Nader, H. (2010). Spatial Analysis of Crime in Karaj City (Using GIS), Quarterly Journal of Law. Journal of Faculty of Law and Political Science, 40 (2), 179-198. (In persian)
Weisburd, D. (2004). Criminal careers of place: A longitudinal study,U.S. Department of justice, National Institute of Justice.