تحلیل وضعیت سرمایه اجتماعی شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر استهبان، استان فارس)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
سعیدرضا اکبریان رنیزی
1
(استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران)
منصور رضاعلی
2
(دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران ، ایران)
ذبیح ا... چهار راهی
3
(دانشجوی دکتری محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران ، ایران)
کلید واژه: سرمایه اجتماعی, مشارکت اجتماعی, توسعه شهری, استهبان,
چکیده مقاله :
سرمایه اجتماعی به عنوان بخشی انکارناپذیر از فرآیند برنامه ریزی شهری است که با توجه به نقش و منافعی که بدنبال دارد، به عنوان یکی از مولفه های مهم و تاثیرگذار در رسیدن به توسعه شهری پایدار همواره مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هدف پژوهش حاضر سنجش سرمایه اجتماعی و مولفه های موثر بر شکل گیری آن در شهر استهبان(استان فارس) می باشد. از اینرو پژوهش کاربردی و روش انجام آن مبتنی بر روش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. به منظور گردآوری داده های مورد نیاز از روش های اسنادی و میدانی(پرسشنامه) استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری، خانوار های ساکن در شهر استهبان است که بر اساس روش کوکران 320 خانوار به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شده اند. برای سنجش سرمایه اجتماعی 33 نماگر در قالب 6 مولفه اصلی استفاده شده است. همچنین تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از روش های آماری T ، ضریب هبستگی و روش تحلیل رگرسیون انجام شده است. نتایج بدست آمده نشان می دهد سرمایه اجتماعی در شهر مورد مطالعه بالاتر از حد متوسط قرار دارد و در بین مولفه های مورد مطالعه یعنی انسجام و همبستگی، مشارکت، اعتماد و آگاهی، رابطه مستقیم معنادار آماری وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج بیانگر آنست که رضایت مندی از کیفیت محیط شهر با میزان 392/0 بیشترین تاثیر را بر شکل گیری سرمایه اجتماعی داشته است.
The social capital is an undeniable part of urban planning process which has always been considered as one of the most important and effective factors in achieving sustainable urban development, due to its role and interests. The objective of this study is to measure the social capital and effective components on its formation in Estahban city (Fars Province). So, this study is an applied rerearch with descriptive–analytical methodology. Documentary and field study (questionnaire) were used to collect the required data. The population consisted of households in Estahban city, which 320 households were selected as the sample size in this study based on Cochran formula. To measure the social capital, 33 indexes were used in the form of 6 main components. Data analysis was performed using T-test, correlation coefficient and regression analysis method. The results show that the social capital in the city under study is higher than the mean level, and from among the studied components, i.e., Coherence and Solidarity, Partnership, Trust and Awareness, there is a statistically direct and meaningful relationship. Also the finding show that the satisfaction from the environmental city quality with degree 0.392 had the most effect on forming the social capital.
Aghanasiri, M. (2013). The role of social capital in promoting workforce productivity. Business and Society,137, 69-81. (In Persian)
Álvarez, E. C., & Romaní, J. R. (2016). Measuring social capital: further insights. Gaceta Sanitaria.31(1), 57-61.
Badri, S.A., Ramezan nejad, Y., & Estehkam, H.(2014). The Assessment of Components Affecting Social Capital in Rural Settlements (Case Study: Rural Settlements of Asalem District). Geography and Sustainability Environmental, 4(12), 13-26. (In Persian)
Browne-Yung, K., Ziersch, A., Baum, F., & Gallaher, G. (2013). Aboriginal Australians' experience of social capital and its relevance to health and wellbeing in urban settings. Social Science & Medicine, 97, 20-28.
Chalabi, M., & Mobaraki, M. (2005). Analysis of the relationship between social capital and crime in micro and macro levels. Iran sociology, 6 (2), 3-44. (In Persian)
Chen, X., Huang, Q., & Davison, R. M. (2017). The role of website quality and social capital in building buyers’ loyalty. International Journal of Information Management, 37,1563-1574.
Einali, J. & Roumyani, A. (2013). Studying the distribution of social capital in urban neighborhoods (A Case Study of Zanjan City). Journal of Urban Planning Studies, 1(4), 119-136. (In Persian)
Eriksson, M. (2010). Social capital, health and community action: implications for health promotion.
Firouzabadi, S. A., & Imani, J. H. (2007). Social capital and socio-economic development in Tehran's 22 municipal districts. Social Welfare Quarterly, 6 (23), 197-224. (In Persian)
Ghafari, Gh.R.(2011). Social capital and social security, Tehran: Press Sociology. (In Persian)
Gorriz-Mifsud, E., Secco, L., Da Re, R., Pisani, E., & Bonet, J. A. (2017). Structural social capital and local-level forest governance: Do they inter-relate? A mushroom permit case in Catalonia. Journal of Environmental Management, 188, 364-378.
Grootaert, C. (1998). Social Capital: The missing link?, Social Capital Initiative Working Paper No. 3, The World Bank, Washington DC. http:// www. worldbank. org/poverty/scapital /wkrppr/wrkppr.htm.
Hamdan, H., Yusof, F., & Marzukhi, M. A. (2014). Social Capital and Quality of Life in Urban Neighborhoods High Density Housing. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 153, 169-179.
Hansen-Nord, N. S., Skar, M., Kjaerulf, F., Almendarez, J., Bähr, S., Sosa, Ó., & Modvig, J. (2014). Social capital and violence in poor urban areas of Honduras. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19 (6), 643-648.
Khanh, H. (2011). The Role of Social Capital to Access Rural Credit: A case study at Dinh Cu and Van Quat Dong village in coastal of Thua Thien Hue province, Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural sciences, Divison of Rural Development, Master Thesis.
Khoshfar.GH., Abdollahpour, M., & Karimzadeh., S. (2013). The influence of second home tourism on social capital (Case study: Siyavaraz and Lirehsar villages in Tonekabon), Tourism planning and Development, 2 (8),133-156. (In Persian)
Lo, A. Y., Xu, B., Chan, F. K., & Su, R. (2015). Social capital and community preparation for urban flooding in China. Applied Geography, 64, 1-11.
Lu, Y., Ruan, D., & Lai, G. (2013). Social capital and economic integration of migrants in urban China. Social networks, 35 (3), 357-369.
Mohseni Tabrizi, T.A., & Aghamohseni,M. (2010). Social Capital and Urban Development: Case study of Mahalat. Urban Management, 8 (26), 147-162. (In Persian)
Mousavi, M. N., Ghanbari, H., & Esmaeilzadeh, K. (2012). Spatial Analysis of the Relationship between Social Capital and Sustainable Urban Development Case Study: Cities of West Azarbaijan Province. Geography and Development, 10(27), 1-18. (In Persian)
Nikpour,A., Ramezanzadeh, M., & Vahidi,H. (2015). Assessment of Social Capital and its Impact on Improving the Quality of Urban Environment (Case study: Babolsar City). Regional Planning, 5 (19), 115-126. (In Persian)
Ognibene, A. (2010). Social Capital in Power Networks: A Case Study of Affordable Housing Development in Winston-Salem, NC. Senior Seminar Papers. 14. http:// repository. upenn.edu/senior_seminar/14.
Rabiee, A., & Sadeghzadeh, H. (2011). A study of social capital's effect on entrepreneurship. Social Welfare Quarterly, 11(41),191-221. (In Persian)
Rezaei,M.R., & Taslim,S. (2016). Spatial Analysis of the Relationship between Quality of Urban Environment and Social Capital (Case Study: Quarters of Yazd City). Human Geography research, 48 (2), 245-262. (In Persian)
Seidaee, S.E. Ahmadi Shapour abadi, & Moeen abadi, H. (2009). Social Capital and its Relations to Social Development Elements in Iran: An Introduction. Strategy, 19,188-225. (In Persian)
Shiani, M., & Mousavi, M. T. (2011). Analyzing the Social Capital Status in Kerman City. Social Welfare Quarterly, 11(41), 93-122. (In Persian)
Vilar, K., & Cartes, I. (2016). Urban Design and Social Capital in Slums. Case Study: Moravia's Neighborhood, Medellin, 2004-2014. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 56-67.
Woolch, M. (1998). Social Capital and Economic Development Toward a Synthesis and Policy Frame Work, Journal of Theory and Society, 27, 151-208.
Yoo, J. H., & Jeong, E. J. (2016). Psychosocial Effects of SNS Use: A Longitudinal Study Focused on the Moderation Effect of Social Capital. Computers in Human Behavior, 69108-119.
_||_Aghanasiri, M. (2013). The role of social capital in promoting workforce productivity. Business and Society,137, 69-81. (In Persian)
Álvarez, E. C., & Romaní, J. R. (2016). Measuring social capital: further insights. Gaceta Sanitaria.31(1), 57-61.
Badri, S.A., Ramezan nejad, Y., & Estehkam, H.(2014). The Assessment of Components Affecting Social Capital in Rural Settlements (Case Study: Rural Settlements of Asalem District). Geography and Sustainability Environmental, 4(12), 13-26. (In Persian)
Browne-Yung, K., Ziersch, A., Baum, F., & Gallaher, G. (2013). Aboriginal Australians' experience of social capital and its relevance to health and wellbeing in urban settings. Social Science & Medicine, 97, 20-28.
Chalabi, M., & Mobaraki, M. (2005). Analysis of the relationship between social capital and crime in micro and macro levels. Iran sociology, 6 (2), 3-44. (In Persian)
Chen, X., Huang, Q., & Davison, R. M. (2017). The role of website quality and social capital in building buyers’ loyalty. International Journal of Information Management, 37,1563-1574.
Einali, J. & Roumyani, A. (2013). Studying the distribution of social capital in urban neighborhoods (A Case Study of Zanjan City). Journal of Urban Planning Studies, 1(4), 119-136. (In Persian)
Eriksson, M. (2010). Social capital, health and community action: implications for health promotion.
Firouzabadi, S. A., & Imani, J. H. (2007). Social capital and socio-economic development in Tehran's 22 municipal districts. Social Welfare Quarterly, 6 (23), 197-224. (In Persian)
Ghafari, Gh.R.(2011). Social capital and social security, Tehran: Press Sociology. (In Persian)
Gorriz-Mifsud, E., Secco, L., Da Re, R., Pisani, E., & Bonet, J. A. (2017). Structural social capital and local-level forest governance: Do they inter-relate? A mushroom permit case in Catalonia. Journal of Environmental Management, 188, 364-378.
Grootaert, C. (1998). Social Capital: The missing link?, Social Capital Initiative Working Paper No. 3, The World Bank, Washington DC. http:// www. worldbank. org/poverty/scapital /wkrppr/wrkppr.htm.
Hamdan, H., Yusof, F., & Marzukhi, M. A. (2014). Social Capital and Quality of Life in Urban Neighborhoods High Density Housing. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 153, 169-179.
Hansen-Nord, N. S., Skar, M., Kjaerulf, F., Almendarez, J., Bähr, S., Sosa, Ó., & Modvig, J. (2014). Social capital and violence in poor urban areas of Honduras. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19 (6), 643-648.
Khanh, H. (2011). The Role of Social Capital to Access Rural Credit: A case study at Dinh Cu and Van Quat Dong village in coastal of Thua Thien Hue province, Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural sciences, Divison of Rural Development, Master Thesis.
Khoshfar.GH., Abdollahpour, M., & Karimzadeh., S. (2013). The influence of second home tourism on social capital (Case study: Siyavaraz and Lirehsar villages in Tonekabon), Tourism planning and Development, 2 (8),133-156. (In Persian)
Lo, A. Y., Xu, B., Chan, F. K., & Su, R. (2015). Social capital and community preparation for urban flooding in China. Applied Geography, 64, 1-11.
Lu, Y., Ruan, D., & Lai, G. (2013). Social capital and economic integration of migrants in urban China. Social networks, 35 (3), 357-369.
Mohseni Tabrizi, T.A., & Aghamohseni,M. (2010). Social Capital and Urban Development: Case study of Mahalat. Urban Management, 8 (26), 147-162. (In Persian)
Mousavi, M. N., Ghanbari, H., & Esmaeilzadeh, K. (2012). Spatial Analysis of the Relationship between Social Capital and Sustainable Urban Development Case Study: Cities of West Azarbaijan Province. Geography and Development, 10(27), 1-18. (In Persian)
Nikpour,A., Ramezanzadeh, M., & Vahidi,H. (2015). Assessment of Social Capital and its Impact on Improving the Quality of Urban Environment (Case study: Babolsar City). Regional Planning, 5 (19), 115-126. (In Persian)
Ognibene, A. (2010). Social Capital in Power Networks: A Case Study of Affordable Housing Development in Winston-Salem, NC. Senior Seminar Papers. 14. http:// repository. upenn.edu/senior_seminar/14.
Rabiee, A., & Sadeghzadeh, H. (2011). A study of social capital's effect on entrepreneurship. Social Welfare Quarterly, 11(41),191-221. (In Persian)
Rezaei,M.R., & Taslim,S. (2016). Spatial Analysis of the Relationship between Quality of Urban Environment and Social Capital (Case Study: Quarters of Yazd City). Human Geography research, 48 (2), 245-262. (In Persian)
Seidaee, S.E. Ahmadi Shapour abadi, & Moeen abadi, H. (2009). Social Capital and its Relations to Social Development Elements in Iran: An Introduction. Strategy, 19,188-225. (In Persian)
Shiani, M., & Mousavi, M. T. (2011). Analyzing the Social Capital Status in Kerman City. Social Welfare Quarterly, 11(41), 93-122. (In Persian)
Vilar, K., & Cartes, I. (2016). Urban Design and Social Capital in Slums. Case Study: Moravia's Neighborhood, Medellin, 2004-2014. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 56-67.
Woolch, M. (1998). Social Capital and Economic Development Toward a Synthesis and Policy Frame Work, Journal of Theory and Society, 27, 151-208.
Yoo, J. H., & Jeong, E. J. (2016). Psychosocial Effects of SNS Use: A Longitudinal Study Focused on the Moderation Effect of Social Capital. Computers in Human Behavior, 69108-119.