تحلیل عوامل موثر بر پایداری شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر اردبیل)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
لیلا صیاد بیدهندی
1
(استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران)
یاسر قلی پور
2
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران)
سلمان فیضی
3
(دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز ایران)
کلید واژه: شهروندان, تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی, اردبیل, پایداری شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
توسعه ی شهرنشینی و روند افزایش جمعیت شهری سبب بروز مسائلی چون استفاده ی بی رویه از منابع، آلودگی محیط زیست، افزایش ناهنجاری های اجتماعی و مشکلات اقتصادی در سطح جوامع شهری شده است. توسعه ی پایدار به عنوان شعار اصلی هزاره ی سوم و پارادایم نوین در ادبیات نظری و علمی رایج در باب توسعه و برنامه ریزی شهری بوده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل و دسته بندی عوامل موثر بر پایداری شهری در شهر اردبیل از دیدگاه شهروندان به عنوان ذینفعان اصلی برنامه ریزی های شهری می باشد. روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی است و شیوه ی گردآوری اطلاعات اسنادی و پیمایشی (زمینه یاب) است. جامعه ی آماری، شهروندان شهر اردبیل هستند. حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران 384 نفر، روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای دو مرحله ای است. 26 گویه ی پرسشنامه ی تحقیق با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی به پنج عامل تقلیل داده شد. مجموع عوامل پنجگانه 059/68 درصد واریانس کل را توضیح می دهند. عامل اول (طراحی محیطی) با مقدار ویژه ی 636/5 (676/21 درصد واریانس) بیشترین نقش را در تبیین واریانس کل عوامل موثر بر پایداری شهری ایفا می کند. بعد از آن عامل اجتماعی با مقدار ویژه ی 707/3 (259/14 درصد واریانس) در جایگاه دوم، عامل مدیریتی با مقدار ویژه ی 695/3 (212/14 درصد واریانس) در جایگاه سوم، عامل اقتصادی-زیربنایی با مقدار ویژه ی 475/2 (518/9 درصد واریانس) در جایگاه چهارم و سرانجام عامل زیست محیطی با مقدار ویژه ی 183/2 (394/8 درصد واریانس) در جایگاه پنجم عوامل موثر بر پایداری شهری قرار دارند.
Urbanization development and growing process of urban population has caused problems such as excessive use of resources, environmental pollution, increased social anomalies and economic problems at urban communities. Sustainable development has been the main slogan in the third millennium and the new paradigm in the most popular theoretical and scientific literature concerning urban development and planning. The objective of this study was to analyze and categorize the factors affecting urban sustainability in Ardebil city from the citizens' points of view as the main beneficiaries of urban planning program. The study was descriptive-analytical research and the method of collecting information was documentary and survey (Field Finder). Population were the citizens of Ardabil city. The sample size included 384 members based on Cochran formula, while there was a two stage cluster sampling method. The 26 items of the research questionnaire were reduced to five factors using exploratory factor analysis. All the five factors explain 68.059 percent of total variance. The first factor (environment design) plays the most important role with specific value 5.636 (21.676% of variance) in setting all effective variance factors on urban sustainability. Then the social factor with specific value 3.707 (14.259% of variance), management factor with specific value 3.695 (14.212% of variance) economic-infrastructural factor with specific value 475/2 (518/9% of variance) environmental factor with specific value 183.2 (8.3394 percent variance) were located at second, third, fourth, and fifth level of factors affecting urban sustainability.
Amanpour, S., & Alizadeh, H. (2014). Measurement and identification of urban sustainability social metrics in Ahwaz. Geography and Urban Space Development, 1 (1), 103-115. (In Persian).
Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 18 (2), 65-82.
De Jong, M., Joss, S., Schraven, D., Zhan, C., & Weijnen, M. (2015). Sustainable-smart-resilient– low carbon–eco–knowledge cities; making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization. Journal of Cleaner Production, 109, 25-38.
Feizi, M., & Rajabi, A., & Hosseini, Y. (2012). Recognition of the Pedestrian Movement in Sustainablity of Urban dense areas. Journal of Urban Management, 30, 177-194. (In Persian).
Gossop, C. (2011). Low carbon cities: An introduction to the special issue. Cities, 28(6), 495-497.
Hosseinzadeh, S., Khosravi Beigi, R., Eastgoldi, M., & Shamsedini, R. (2011). Assessment of environmental sustainability in urban areas using multivariate linear allocation method (Coexistence study: Turkmen port city). Geographical landscape (Human Studies), 6 (16), 31-51(In Persian).
Harun, N., & Zakariya, K., Mansor, M., & Zakaria, Kh. (2014). Determining Attributes of Urban Plaza for Social SustainabilityOriginal. Research Article Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 153, 606-615.
Hassan, A.M., & Lee, H. (2015). The paradox of the sustainable city: Definitions and examples. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 17 (6), 1267-1285.
Joss, S., Cowley, R., & Tomozeiu, D. (2013). Towards the ‘ubiquitous eco-city’: An analysis of the internationalisation of eco-city policy and practice. Urban Research & Practice, 6 (1), 54-74.
Joss, S. (2011). Eco-cities: The mainstreaming of urban sustainability; key characteristics and driving factors. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 6 (3), 268-285.
Kazemian, Gh., & Meshkini, A., Biglari, S. (2011). Evaluation of Urban Management Performance in Neighborhood Stability of District two of Tehran 4th region Municipalities (Majidieh, Shamsabad and Kallad Neighborhoods). Journal of Applied Geosciences Research, 18 (21), 7-28. (In Persian)
Khademi, S., & Ghalenoei, M., & Massoud, M. (2013). Evaluation of urban land use sustainability with an emphasis on the conservation of historical monuments (Case study of Shoush city). Journal of Environmental Studies, 27, 21-36. (In Persian)
Khoshfar, Gh., Bargahi, R., & Karami, Sh. (2013). Social Capital and Urban Sustainability (Case Study: Gorgan City). Journal of Urban Studies, 39, 31-46. (In Persian)
Leydesdorff, L., & Deakin, M. (2011). The triple-helix model of smart cities: A neoevolutionary perspective. Journal of Urban Technology, 18 (2), 53-63.
Meshkini, A., Borhani, K., & Shabanzadeh Namini, R. (2013). Spatial Analysis of Urban Social Sustainability Measurement (Case study: 22 regions of Tehran). Geography, New edition, 11 (39), 186-211. (In Persian)
Meshkini, A., & Mouzzen, S. (2014). analysis of urban governance in Sustainability of the City: Case Study: Ajabshir. Quarterly Journal of Environnental Based Territorial Planning, 29, 100-131. (In Persian)
Mohammadi Sangli, Kh., & Ghershi, S. (2016). Sustainable Urban Development, A Global Approach with Local Solutions Case Study: A Review of Sustainability Criteria in the Traditional Architecture of Yazd. Art and Architecture Studies, 2 (4-5), 87-99. (In Persian)
Moore, J., Kissinger, M., & Rees, M. (2013). An urban metabolism and ecological footprint assessment of metro Vancouver. J. Environ. Manag, 124, 51-61.
Mousavi, S., Nazarian, A., Ziari, Y., & Mahdavi, M. (2014). Measuring the sustainability of urban neighborhoods using HDI and Morris zoning technique (Case study of Malayer city). Journal of Environmental Studies, 25, 89-109. (In Persian)
National Academies of Science. (2016). Pathways to urban sustainability: challenges and opportunities for the united states. National Academies Press, Editor:, ISBN: 978-0-309-44453-8.
Newell, J.P., & Cousins, J. (2014). The boundaries of urban metabolism towards a political– industrial ecology. Prog. Hum. Geogr.
Ni, P., & Jie, Z. Q. (2014). Urban competitiveness and innovation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Organization urbanization & Rod of Ardebil Province, 2007.
Parivar, P, Faryadi, Sh., Yavari, A., Salehi, I., & Herati, P. (2013). Developing ecological sustainability strategies for increasing the resilience of the urban environment (Case study: 1st and 3rd district of Tehran municipality). Ecology, 39 (1), 123-132 (In Persian)
Pow, C. P., & Neo, H. (2013). Seeing red over green: Contesting urban sustainabilities in China. Urban Studies, 50 (11), 2256-2274.
Premalatha, M., Tauseef, S. M., Abbasi, T., & Abbasi, S. A. (2013). The promise and the performance of the world's first two zero carbon eco-cities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 660-669.
Rabifar, V., Haghighat Nayini, Gh., Tavasolian, R., & Sanati Monfared, S. (2014). Sensing and analyzing of urban sustainability using the integrated model AHPVIKOR (Case Study: Zanjan province). Urban Management, 127-152. (In Persian)
Sepahvand, R., & Arefnejad, M. (2013). Prioritization of Sustainable Urban Development Indicators with a Group Analytic Analysis Approach (Case Study: Isfahan City). Journal of Urban Planning, 1 (1), 43-59. (In Persian)
Stossel, Z., Kissinger, M., & Meir, A. (2015). Measuring the biophysical dimension of urban sustainability. Ecol. Econ, 120, 153-163.
Storch, H., & Downes, N. K. (2011). A scenario-based approach to assess Ho Chi Minh City's urban development strategies against the impact of climate change. Cities, 28 (6), 517-526.
Walter, B., Arkin, L., & Crenshaw, R. W. (1992). Sustainable cities: Concepts and strategies for eco-city development. Los Angeles, CA: Eco-Home Media.
World Bank. (2010). Eco² cities: Ecological cities as economic cities. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
_||_Amanpour, S., & Alizadeh, H. (2014). Measurement and identification of urban sustainability social metrics in Ahwaz. Geography and Urban Space Development, 1 (1), 103-115. (In Persian).
Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 18 (2), 65-82.
De Jong, M., Joss, S., Schraven, D., Zhan, C., & Weijnen, M. (2015). Sustainable-smart-resilient– low carbon–eco–knowledge cities; making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization. Journal of Cleaner Production, 109, 25-38.
Feizi, M., & Rajabi, A., & Hosseini, Y. (2012). Recognition of the Pedestrian Movement in Sustainablity of Urban dense areas. Journal of Urban Management, 30, 177-194. (In Persian).
Gossop, C. (2011). Low carbon cities: An introduction to the special issue. Cities, 28(6), 495-497.
Hosseinzadeh, S., Khosravi Beigi, R., Eastgoldi, M., & Shamsedini, R. (2011). Assessment of environmental sustainability in urban areas using multivariate linear allocation method (Coexistence study: Turkmen port city). Geographical landscape (Human Studies), 6 (16), 31-51(In Persian).
Harun, N., & Zakariya, K., Mansor, M., & Zakaria, Kh. (2014). Determining Attributes of Urban Plaza for Social SustainabilityOriginal. Research Article Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 153, 606-615.
Hassan, A.M., & Lee, H. (2015). The paradox of the sustainable city: Definitions and examples. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 17 (6), 1267-1285.
Joss, S., Cowley, R., & Tomozeiu, D. (2013). Towards the ‘ubiquitous eco-city’: An analysis of the internationalisation of eco-city policy and practice. Urban Research & Practice, 6 (1), 54-74.
Joss, S. (2011). Eco-cities: The mainstreaming of urban sustainability; key characteristics and driving factors. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 6 (3), 268-285.
Kazemian, Gh., & Meshkini, A., Biglari, S. (2011). Evaluation of Urban Management Performance in Neighborhood Stability of District two of Tehran 4th region Municipalities (Majidieh, Shamsabad and Kallad Neighborhoods). Journal of Applied Geosciences Research, 18 (21), 7-28. (In Persian)
Khademi, S., & Ghalenoei, M., & Massoud, M. (2013). Evaluation of urban land use sustainability with an emphasis on the conservation of historical monuments (Case study of Shoush city). Journal of Environmental Studies, 27, 21-36. (In Persian)
Khoshfar, Gh., Bargahi, R., & Karami, Sh. (2013). Social Capital and Urban Sustainability (Case Study: Gorgan City). Journal of Urban Studies, 39, 31-46. (In Persian)
Leydesdorff, L., & Deakin, M. (2011). The triple-helix model of smart cities: A neoevolutionary perspective. Journal of Urban Technology, 18 (2), 53-63.
Meshkini, A., Borhani, K., & Shabanzadeh Namini, R. (2013). Spatial Analysis of Urban Social Sustainability Measurement (Case study: 22 regions of Tehran). Geography, New edition, 11 (39), 186-211. (In Persian)
Meshkini, A., & Mouzzen, S. (2014). analysis of urban governance in Sustainability of the City: Case Study: Ajabshir. Quarterly Journal of Environnental Based Territorial Planning, 29, 100-131. (In Persian)
Mohammadi Sangli, Kh., & Ghershi, S. (2016). Sustainable Urban Development, A Global Approach with Local Solutions Case Study: A Review of Sustainability Criteria in the Traditional Architecture of Yazd. Art and Architecture Studies, 2 (4-5), 87-99. (In Persian)
Moore, J., Kissinger, M., & Rees, M. (2013). An urban metabolism and ecological footprint assessment of metro Vancouver. J. Environ. Manag, 124, 51-61.
Mousavi, S., Nazarian, A., Ziari, Y., & Mahdavi, M. (2014). Measuring the sustainability of urban neighborhoods using HDI and Morris zoning technique (Case study of Malayer city). Journal of Environmental Studies, 25, 89-109. (In Persian)
National Academies of Science. (2016). Pathways to urban sustainability: challenges and opportunities for the united states. National Academies Press, Editor:, ISBN: 978-0-309-44453-8.
Newell, J.P., & Cousins, J. (2014). The boundaries of urban metabolism towards a political– industrial ecology. Prog. Hum. Geogr.
Ni, P., & Jie, Z. Q. (2014). Urban competitiveness and innovation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Organization urbanization & Rod of Ardebil Province, 2007.
Parivar, P, Faryadi, Sh., Yavari, A., Salehi, I., & Herati, P. (2013). Developing ecological sustainability strategies for increasing the resilience of the urban environment (Case study: 1st and 3rd district of Tehran municipality). Ecology, 39 (1), 123-132 (In Persian)
Pow, C. P., & Neo, H. (2013). Seeing red over green: Contesting urban sustainabilities in China. Urban Studies, 50 (11), 2256-2274.
Premalatha, M., Tauseef, S. M., Abbasi, T., & Abbasi, S. A. (2013). The promise and the performance of the world's first two zero carbon eco-cities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 660-669.
Rabifar, V., Haghighat Nayini, Gh., Tavasolian, R., & Sanati Monfared, S. (2014). Sensing and analyzing of urban sustainability using the integrated model AHPVIKOR (Case Study: Zanjan province). Urban Management, 127-152. (In Persian)
Sepahvand, R., & Arefnejad, M. (2013). Prioritization of Sustainable Urban Development Indicators with a Group Analytic Analysis Approach (Case Study: Isfahan City). Journal of Urban Planning, 1 (1), 43-59. (In Persian)
Stossel, Z., Kissinger, M., & Meir, A. (2015). Measuring the biophysical dimension of urban sustainability. Ecol. Econ, 120, 153-163.
Storch, H., & Downes, N. K. (2011). A scenario-based approach to assess Ho Chi Minh City's urban development strategies against the impact of climate change. Cities, 28 (6), 517-526.
Walter, B., Arkin, L., & Crenshaw, R. W. (1992). Sustainable cities: Concepts and strategies for eco-city development. Los Angeles, CA: Eco-Home Media.
World Bank. (2010). Eco² cities: Ecological cities as economic cities. Washington, DC: The World Bank.