ارزیابی مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر تقویت سرزندگی در مسیرهای پیاده شهری (مطالعه موردی: پیاده راه علم الهدی شهر رشت)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
مریم قربان پور
1
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران)
نادر زالی
2
(دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران)
مختار یوردخانی
3
(استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، تهران، ایران)
سیدرضا آزاده
4
(دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران)
کلید واژه: فضای شهری, سرزندگی, پیاده‌راه, شهر سرزنده, علم‌الهدی رشت,
چکیده مقاله :
در دهه های اخیر به دنبال گسترش بی رویه شهرها و اهمیت روزافزون اتومبیل، نقش عابر پیاده در فضاهای شهری کمتر شده که این امر سبب ایجاد محیط های کسل کننده در شهرها و کاهش سرزندگی فضاهای شهری شده است. از این رو سر زندگی فضاهای شهری یکی از مهم ترین دغدغه های دانش شهرسازی است. در این تحقیق باهدف سنجش وضعیت سرزندگی پیاده راه های شهری و با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی، پیاده راه علم الهدی شهر رشت بررسی شده است. در این راستا، مدل مفهومی پژوهش با چهار معیار (کاربری و فعالیت، کالبدی، دسترسی و ارتباطات، اقلیمی و زیست محیطی) و 16 شاخص تدوین شد. سپس این معیارها به شیوه پرسش نامه در چارچوب طیف لیکرت توسط 380 نفر از استفاده کنندگان پیاده راه علم الهدی ارزیابی گردید. در معیار کاربری و فعالیت، تنوع فعالیت های مردم در پیاده راه، در معیار کالبدی، مبلمان شهری، در معیار دسترسی و ارتباطات، سهولت حرکت در معابر اطراف پیاده راه و در معیار اقلیمی و زیست محیطی، آسایش اقلیمی پایین ترین میانگین هر معیار را کسب کردند. سپس راهبردهای مستخرج از SWOTبا تکنیک AHPو نظرخواهی از 20 کارشناس رتبه بندی شدند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که راهبرد تجهیز محیط بر اساس اقلیم رشت در راستای افزایش حضور افراد در فضا رتبه‌ی اول و راهبرد افزایش پیوستگی حرکت پیاده رتبه آخر را به دست آورد. در نهایت بر اساس راهبردها، سیاست های اجرایی در زمینه تقویت سرزندگی ارائه شد.
In recent decades, following the uncontrolled urban expansion and the growing importance of cars, the role of pedestrians in urban areas reduces, this has created dull spaces in cities and reduced the vitality of urban spaces.Therefore the vitality of urban spaces is one of the most important concerns of urban planning knowledge. In this study with the purpose of assessing the status of city walkways vitality and with the descriptive-analytical method, Alam-al-Hoda walkway of Rasht is studied. In this regard, the conceptual model of research with four criteria (land use and activity, physical, access and connection and climatic and environmental) and 16 indexes were considered. Then, these criteria were evaluated by questionnaires within the framework of the Likert scale by 380 users of Alam-al-Hoda walkway. In the land use and activity Criterion diversity of people activities in the walkway, in the physical Criterion urban furniture, in the access and connection Criterion movement fluency on the streets around the walkway and in the climatic and environmental Criterion, climatic comfort are gained the lowest average of each criteria. Then, the strategies derived from SWOT were ranked by AHP technique and a survey of 20 experts. The results show that the strategy of "equipping of the space based on climate of Rasht in order to increasing the presence of people in the space" gained the first rank and the strategy of "Increasing connection of the walkway" gained the last rank. Finally, based on the strategies, action plans for enhancing the vitality were presented.
Akbarzade Moghaddam, A., Ahmadi, H., & Azade, R. (2016). Evaluating the Utility of Urban Walkways Based on Qualitative Components; Case Study: Alam-al-hodaWalkway in Rasht.Research and Urban Planning Journal, 7 (25), 125-140. (In Persian)
Aminzade, B., & Daeenejad, F. (2002). Environmental considerations in the design and improvement of urban streets. Fine arts Journal, 11 (11), 50-61. (In Persian)
Ashouri, A. (2010). Study of the role of walkway in city life. Landscape Journal, 2 (8), 44-47. (In Persian)
Aultman-Hall, L., Roorda, M., & Baetz, B.W. (2006(. Using GIS for evaluation of Neighborhood pedestrian accessibility. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 123 (1), 10-17.
Azade, R., Zare, M. (2013). Sustainable Environment and Challenge of the Urban Thermal Island, Emphasizing Sustainable Urban Approaches, First National Conference of Architecture and Sustainable Urban Spaces, Mashhad. (In Persian)
Carmona, M., Heath, T., Oc, T. & Tiesdell, S. (2007). Public Places-Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design, Architectural Press.
Chapman, D. (2007). Creation of neighborhoods and places in the human environment. Translated by Shahrzad Faryadi & Manouchehr Tabibian, (2nd Ed.). Tehran: Tehran University Publication. (In Persian)
Cowan, R. (2010). The Dictionary of Urbanism, translated by Yalda Belarak, (1th Ed). Tehran: Parham Naghsh Publication. (In Persian)
Cremona, M., & Tisdale, S. (2011). Reading urban design concepts. Translated by Kamran Zekavat & Farnaz Farshad, (1th Ed). Tehran: Azarakhsh Publication, first edition. (In Persian)
Cullen, G. (2008). Selection of urban landscape. Translated by Manouchehr Tabibian, Tehran: Tehran University Publication. (In Persian)
Dadpour, S. (2012). Criteria for the vitality of urban spaces: Case Study: Part of Valiasr Street in Tehran. Search in Urban Planning Journal, 37 & 38, 34-40. (In Persian)
Farazmand, R., & Sohizade, M. (2013). Study and analyzing the components affecting vitality from the point of view of social interaction in evaluating the performance of urban public spaces (case study: Parking Area of Kermanshah Municipality). Haft Shahr: Journal of Environmental Studies, 2 (6), 29-42. (In Persian)
Golkar, K. (2006). Peace and vitality in the city with the help of urban design, Shahrnegar Journal, 7 (39), 24-28. (In Persian)
Golkar, K. (2007). The concept of quality of vitality in urban design. Soffe Journal, 44, 66-75. (In Persian)
Hung, W. T., Manandhar, A., & Ranasinghege, S. A. (2010). A Walkability Survey in Hong Kong. In Conference paper delivered at The 12th International Conference on Mobility and Transport for Elderly and Disabled Persons (TRANSED) held in Hong Kong.
Jalaladdini, S., & Oktay, D. (2012). “Urban Public Spaces and Vitality: A Socio-Spatial Analysis in the Streets of Cypriot Towns. Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 664-674.
Karimi Moshaver, M., & Negintaji, S. (2012). Walkway Design in Tehran (with emphasis on social needs), Knowledge of the city Journal, 123. (In Persian)
Kashanijo, K. (2010). Walkways, from design basics to functional features, (1th Ed). Tehran: Azarakhsh Publication. (In Persian)
Khastu, M., Saeedi Rezvani, N. (2010). Effective factors on the Vitality of Urban Spaces, Creating a lively urban space based on the concept of the pedestrian shopping mall. City Identity Journal, 4 (6), 63-74. (In Persian)
Lynch, K. (2005). A Theory of Good City Form. Translated by Hossein Bahraini, (3rd Ed). Tehran: Tehran University Publication. (In Persian)
Mahmoudi, M., Ahmad, F., & Abbasi, B. (2015). Livable streets: The effects of physical problems on the quality and livability of Kuala Lumpur streets, cities, 43, 104-114.
Moeini, M. (2006). Increasing walking capability, a step towards a more humane city, Fine arts Journal, 27 (27), 5-16. (In Persian)
Pakzad, J. (2003).Qualitative criteria for place evaluation. Abadi Journal, 39, Tehran. (In Persian)
Pakzad, J. (2012). Design Guide for Urban Spaces in Iran, (6th Ed). Tehran: Shahidi Publication, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Urbanism and Architecture. (In Persian)
Pourahmad, A., Zangane Shahraki, S., & Safaee Rine, M. (2016). Analysis of the role of urban walkways in promoting the vitality of urban spaces: Case Study: walkway of 17 Shahrivar in Tehran. Geographical Research of Urban Planning Journal, 4 (2), 175-195. (In Persian)
Rafiean, M., & Seyfaee, M. (2005). Urban public space; review and qualitative assessment. Fine Arts Journal, 23 (23), 35-42. (In Persian)
Salzano, E. (1997). Seven Aims for the Livable City. In Lennard, S. H., S von Ungern- Sternberg, H. L. Lennard, eds. Making Cities Livable. International Making Cities Livable Conferences. California, USA: Gondolier Press.
Samvati, S., Nikookhooy, M., & Izadi, M. S. (2013). The role of vitality and viability of urban streets in enhancement the quality of pedestrian–oriented urban venues. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3 (7), 554-561.
Sci, I.J. (2014). Factors affecting the vitality of streets in Downtown Johor Bahru City. Indian Journal of Scientific Research, 7 (1), 361–374.
Shamsuddin, S., Hassan, N. R. A., & Bilyamin, S. F. I. (2012). Walkable environment in increasing the livability of a city. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50, 167-178.
Southworth, M. (2005). Reinventing Main Street: From Mall to Townscape Mall. Journal of Urban Design, 10 (2), 151-170.
Timmer, V., & Seymoat, N. (2005). The Livable City-The World Urban Forum 2006.Vancouver Working Group Discussion Paper.
Tybalzr, F. (2008). Human-centered cities: Improving the public environment in big and small cities. Translated by HassanAliLaghaee &Firooze Jadali, (2nd Ed). Tehran: Tehran University Publication. (In Persian)
Wolch, J., Wilson, J.P., & Fehrenbach, J. (2005). Parks and park funding in Los Angeles: an equity-mapping analysis. Urban Geography, 26 (1), 4-35.
Zarin, S. Z., Niroomand, M., & Heidari, A. A. (2015). Physical and Social Aspects of Vitality Case Study: Traditional Street and Modern Street in Tehran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 170, 659-668.
_||_Akbarzade Moghaddam, A., Ahmadi, H., & Azade, R. (2016). Evaluating the Utility of Urban Walkways Based on Qualitative Components; Case Study: Alam-al-hodaWalkway in Rasht.Research and Urban Planning Journal, 7 (25), 125-140. (In Persian)
Aminzade, B., & Daeenejad, F. (2002). Environmental considerations in the design and improvement of urban streets. Fine arts Journal, 11 (11), 50-61. (In Persian)
Ashouri, A. (2010). Study of the role of walkway in city life. Landscape Journal, 2 (8), 44-47. (In Persian)
Aultman-Hall, L., Roorda, M., & Baetz, B.W. (2006(. Using GIS for evaluation of Neighborhood pedestrian accessibility. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 123 (1), 10-17.
Azade, R., Zare, M. (2013). Sustainable Environment and Challenge of the Urban Thermal Island, Emphasizing Sustainable Urban Approaches, First National Conference of Architecture and Sustainable Urban Spaces, Mashhad. (In Persian)
Carmona, M., Heath, T., Oc, T. & Tiesdell, S. (2007). Public Places-Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design, Architectural Press.
Chapman, D. (2007). Creation of neighborhoods and places in the human environment. Translated by Shahrzad Faryadi & Manouchehr Tabibian, (2nd Ed.). Tehran: Tehran University Publication. (In Persian)
Cowan, R. (2010). The Dictionary of Urbanism, translated by Yalda Belarak, (1th Ed). Tehran: Parham Naghsh Publication. (In Persian)
Cremona, M., & Tisdale, S. (2011). Reading urban design concepts. Translated by Kamran Zekavat & Farnaz Farshad, (1th Ed). Tehran: Azarakhsh Publication, first edition. (In Persian)
Cullen, G. (2008). Selection of urban landscape. Translated by Manouchehr Tabibian, Tehran: Tehran University Publication. (In Persian)
Dadpour, S. (2012). Criteria for the vitality of urban spaces: Case Study: Part of Valiasr Street in Tehran. Search in Urban Planning Journal, 37 & 38, 34-40. (In Persian)
Farazmand, R., & Sohizade, M. (2013). Study and analyzing the components affecting vitality from the point of view of social interaction in evaluating the performance of urban public spaces (case study: Parking Area of Kermanshah Municipality). Haft Shahr: Journal of Environmental Studies, 2 (6), 29-42. (In Persian)
Golkar, K. (2006). Peace and vitality in the city with the help of urban design, Shahrnegar Journal, 7 (39), 24-28. (In Persian)
Golkar, K. (2007). The concept of quality of vitality in urban design. Soffe Journal, 44, 66-75. (In Persian)
Hung, W. T., Manandhar, A., & Ranasinghege, S. A. (2010). A Walkability Survey in Hong Kong. In Conference paper delivered at The 12th International Conference on Mobility and Transport for Elderly and Disabled Persons (TRANSED) held in Hong Kong.
Jalaladdini, S., & Oktay, D. (2012). “Urban Public Spaces and Vitality: A Socio-Spatial Analysis in the Streets of Cypriot Towns. Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 664-674.
Karimi Moshaver, M., & Negintaji, S. (2012). Walkway Design in Tehran (with emphasis on social needs), Knowledge of the city Journal, 123. (In Persian)
Kashanijo, K. (2010). Walkways, from design basics to functional features, (1th Ed). Tehran: Azarakhsh Publication. (In Persian)
Khastu, M., Saeedi Rezvani, N. (2010). Effective factors on the Vitality of Urban Spaces, Creating a lively urban space based on the concept of the pedestrian shopping mall. City Identity Journal, 4 (6), 63-74. (In Persian)
Lynch, K. (2005). A Theory of Good City Form. Translated by Hossein Bahraini, (3rd Ed). Tehran: Tehran University Publication. (In Persian)
Mahmoudi, M., Ahmad, F., & Abbasi, B. (2015). Livable streets: The effects of physical problems on the quality and livability of Kuala Lumpur streets, cities, 43, 104-114.
Moeini, M. (2006). Increasing walking capability, a step towards a more humane city, Fine arts Journal, 27 (27), 5-16. (In Persian)
Pakzad, J. (2003).Qualitative criteria for place evaluation. Abadi Journal, 39, Tehran. (In Persian)
Pakzad, J. (2012). Design Guide for Urban Spaces in Iran, (6th Ed). Tehran: Shahidi Publication, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Urbanism and Architecture. (In Persian)
Pourahmad, A., Zangane Shahraki, S., & Safaee Rine, M. (2016). Analysis of the role of urban walkways in promoting the vitality of urban spaces: Case Study: walkway of 17 Shahrivar in Tehran. Geographical Research of Urban Planning Journal, 4 (2), 175-195. (In Persian)
Rafiean, M., & Seyfaee, M. (2005). Urban public space; review and qualitative assessment. Fine Arts Journal, 23 (23), 35-42. (In Persian)
Salzano, E. (1997). Seven Aims for the Livable City. In Lennard, S. H., S von Ungern- Sternberg, H. L. Lennard, eds. Making Cities Livable. International Making Cities Livable Conferences. California, USA: Gondolier Press.
Samvati, S., Nikookhooy, M., & Izadi, M. S. (2013). The role of vitality and viability of urban streets in enhancement the quality of pedestrian–oriented urban venues. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3 (7), 554-561.
Sci, I.J. (2014). Factors affecting the vitality of streets in Downtown Johor Bahru City. Indian Journal of Scientific Research, 7 (1), 361–374.
Shamsuddin, S., Hassan, N. R. A., & Bilyamin, S. F. I. (2012). Walkable environment in increasing the livability of a city. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50, 167-178.
Southworth, M. (2005). Reinventing Main Street: From Mall to Townscape Mall. Journal of Urban Design, 10 (2), 151-170.
Timmer, V., & Seymoat, N. (2005). The Livable City-The World Urban Forum 2006.Vancouver Working Group Discussion Paper.
Tybalzr, F. (2008). Human-centered cities: Improving the public environment in big and small cities. Translated by HassanAliLaghaee &Firooze Jadali, (2nd Ed). Tehran: Tehran University Publication. (In Persian)
Wolch, J., Wilson, J.P., & Fehrenbach, J. (2005). Parks and park funding in Los Angeles: an equity-mapping analysis. Urban Geography, 26 (1), 4-35.
Zarin, S. Z., Niroomand, M., & Heidari, A. A. (2015). Physical and Social Aspects of Vitality Case Study: Traditional Street and Modern Street in Tehran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 170, 659-668.