تحلیل روابط ترامتنیِ قصۀ روسیِ یِروسلان لازارِویچ و شاهنامه
محورهای موضوعی : حماسه
1 - گروه روسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی (ره)
کلید واژه: حماسه, شاهنامه, یِروسلان لازارِویچ, ترامتنیت, ژرار ژنت,
چکیده مقاله :
ادبیات روسیه از جمله ادبیات جهان است که از دیرباز متأثّر از ادبیات مشرق‌زمین و به‌ویژه ادبیات کلاسیک ایران بوده است. یکی از آثار گران‌سنگ ادب فارسی که به گفتۀ محقّقان بسیاری بر شکل‌گیری برخی افسانه‌ها، قصص و داستان‌های حماسی روسی تأثیر داشته، حماسۀ ملی ایرانیان، شاهنامۀ حکیم ابوالقاسم فردوسی است. از جملۀ این آثار، قصۀ روسیِ یِروسلان لازارِویچ است که ریشه در فولکلور و ادبیات باستانِ حماسیِ روسی دارد. در این پژوهش برآنیم تا به روش تحلیلِ تطبیقی و کیفی محتوا و کاربست نظریۀ ترامتنیت ژرار ژنت و با استفاده از روش مطالعۀ کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی در گردآوری داده‌ها، به نقد مناسبات بینامتنی قصۀ نامبرده در مواجهه با شاهنامه بپردازیم. یافته‌های تحقیق حاکی از آن است که دو گونۀ بینامتنیت و فرامتنیت در این پژوهش بررسی‌پذیر نبوده و لذا، بررسی مناسبات پیرامتنی، سرمتنی و بیش‌متنی بر ادعای ما مبنی بر برگرفتگی قصۀ روسی از شاهنامه صحّه گذاشته‌اند. از جمله مصادیق پیرامتنی، نام اثر و نسخ خطی، آثار لوباک، کتاب‌ها و مقالات موجود پیرامون این قصۀ روسی را می‌توان برشمرد. همچنین، ویژگی‌ها و مختصات حماسی این قصه از جمله مصادیق رابطۀ سرمتنی بوده‌اند. در رابطه با بیش‌متنیت نیز در قصۀ روسی با جایگشت نثرسازی، گشتار کمّی کاهش از نوع برش و نیز گشتار کمّی افزایش از نوع انبساط روبه‌رو هستیم. علی‌رغم وجود برخی پیش‌متن‌های احتمالی از میان آثار شرقی باستان، شاهنامه را می‌توان پیش‌متن اصلی قصۀ یِروسلان لازارِویچ تلقی کرد.
Russian literature, as a part of world literature, has long been influenced by Eastern literature, particularly classical Persian literature. One of the monumental works of Persian literature that, according to many scholars, has influenced the formation of certain Russian epic tales and stories is the Iranian national epic, the Shahnameh by Hakim Abul-Qasim Ferdowsi. Among these works is the Russian tale of Yeruslan Lazarevich, which has roots in Russian folklore and ancient epic literature. In this research, we aim to critically analyze the intertextual relationships between the mentioned tale and the Shahnameh using Gérard Genette's theory of transtextuality through a comparative and qualitative content analysis method, employing library and documentary study methods for data collection. The research findings indicate that two types of transtextuality, intertextuality and hypertextuality, were not examinable in this study. However, the examination of paratextual, metatextual, and architextual relationships supports our claim of the Russian tale’s derivation from the Shahnameh. Paratextual examples include the name of the work, manuscripts, lubok artworks, books, and articles related to this Russian tale. Additionally, the epic features and characteristics of this tale are instances of metatextual relationships. Regarding hypertextuality, the Russian tale exhibits transformations such as prose adaptation, quantitative reduction transformations in the form of cutting, and quantitative expansion transformations in the form of amplification. Despite the presence of some potential pretexts among ancient Eastern works, the Shahnameh can be considered the primary pretext for the tale of Yeruslan Lazarevich.
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