بررسی ویژگی‌های روانسنجی پرسش‌نامه شادکامی زنان میانسال؛ در جامعه ایرانی
محورهای موضوعی : روش ها و مدل های روانشناختی
محمد حسین سالمی
1
,
مجید صفاری نیا
2
1 - دانشجو دکتری تخصصی روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران.
2 - دکتری تخصصی، استاد تمام، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: پرسش‌نامه شادکامی, زنان میانسال, روایی, پایایی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: برای سنجش معتبر شادکامی زنان میانسال باید به ویژگی‌های شخصیتی، جسمانی، اجتماعی و روانشناختی آنان توجه نمود. بر این اساس، هدف از این پژوهش بررسی ویژگی‌های روانسنجی پرسش‌نامه شادکامی زنان میانسال شین و همکاران در زنان میانسال ایرانی بود.
روش: روش این پژوهش کمی و از نوع مطالعات توصیفی همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را زنان میانسال شهر اصفهان در سال 1402 تشکیل دادند که از این افراد تعداد 344 نفر با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس به عنوان نمونه پژوهش انتخاب شدند و به تکمیل پرسش‌نامه‌های شادکامی زنان میانسال شین و همکاران، پرسش‌نامه رضایت از زندگی و پرسش‌نامه شادکامی آکسفورد پرداختند. در این مطالعه تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تحلیل عاملی تاییدی و هم‌چنین، برای بررسی روایی همگرا از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و برای سنجش پایایی از آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد.
یافته ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که چهار عامل خودارزشمندی، مثبت‌اندیشی، خودمدیریتی و روابط خانوادگی از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی استخراج شد. بارهای عاملی تمام سوالات حاصل از تحلیل عاملی تاییدی معنادار هستند (01/0>P) و شاخص‌های برازش مدل نیز از سطح قابل‌قبولی برخوردار هستند که همین امر تائیدکننده روایی سازه پرسش‌نامه می‌باشد. در پایان نیز وجود رابطه مثبت و معنادار خودارزشمندی، مثبت‌اندیشی، خودمدیریتی و روابط خانوادگی با نمره کل پرسش‌نامه شادکامی شین، شادکامی آکسفورد و رضایت از زندگی نشان‌دهنده روایی همگرای این پرسش‌نامه است. هم‌چنین، آلفای کرونباخ برای نمره کل شادکامی و مولفه‌های آن بین 819/0 تا 937/0 است که بیانگر پایایی مطلوب این پرسش‌نامه است.
نتیجه گیری: به طور کلی نتایج پژوهش حکایت از آن داشت که از نسخه فارسی پرسش‌نامه شادکامی زنان میانسال می‌توان جهت انجام اقدامات بالینی و پژوهشی استفاده کرد.
Background and purpose: To validly measure the happiness of middle-aged women, attention should be given to their personality traits, physical conditions, social factors, and psychological characteristics. Accordingly, the present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Happiness Assessment Scale for Middle-aged Women (HAS-MW) among Iranian middle-aged women.
Methods: This research employed a quantitative, descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population consisted of middle-aged women in Isfahan city in 2023, from which 344 participants were selected using convenience sampling. Participants completed the Happiness Assessment Scale for Middle-aged Women (HAS-MW) by Shin et al., the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). In this study, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess convergent validity, and Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to measure reliability.
Findings: The findings indicated that four factors—self-worth, positive thinking, self-management, and family relationships were extracted through exploratory factor analysis. All factor loadings obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis were significant (P < 0.01), and the model fit indices were at acceptable levels, confirming the construct validity of the questionnaire. Additionally, the positive and significant relationships between self-worth, positive thinking, self-management, and family relationships with the overall happiness score in the Middle-aged Women’s Happiness Questionnaire by Shin et al., the Oxford Happiness Inventory and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, indicated the convergent validity of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha for the overall happiness score and its components ranged from 0.819 to 0.937, demonstrating good reliability of the questionnaire.
Conclusion: Overall, the findings suggest that the Persian version of the Middle-Aged Women's Happiness Questionnaire can be effectively used for clinical and research purposes.
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