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        1 - Effect of a strenuous aerobic exercise on sdLDL concentration in healthy men
        Nooshin Khajeian
        Introduction: Clinical studies indicated that small dense LDL (sdLDL) levels are more powerful than LDL levels for the determination of severe stable coronary heart disease (CHD). The effects of intensive aerobic exercise on sdLDL levels are not well known; thus the aim More
        Introduction: Clinical studies indicated that small dense LDL (sdLDL) levels are more powerful than LDL levels for the determination of severe stable coronary heart disease (CHD). The effects of intensive aerobic exercise on sdLDL levels are not well known; thus the aim of present study was to investigate effect of a strenuous aerobic exercise on sdLDL concentration in healthy men. Material & Methods: Elevenhealthy young men (aged: 20.8 ± 1.8 years; ± SD) volunteered to participate in this study. All the subjects were performed Repeated High-Intensity Endurance Test (RHIET) as a strenuous aerobic exercise. Blood samples were taken at baseline and immediately after the RHIET. Wilcoxon and paired-sample t-test was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that sdLDL (38.8 ± 11.3 mg/dl vs. 39.9 ± 11.3 mg/dl), TC (188.6 ± 36.2 mg/dl vs. 194.1 ± 42.2 mg/dl), TG (139.6 mg/dl ± 55.0 vs. 157.7 ± 79.7 mg/dl), LDL (109.1 ± 33.4 mg/dl vs. 121.5 ± 53.0 mg/dl) and HDL (44.0 ± 13.6 mg/dl vs. 44.6 ± 14.0 mg/dl) remained unchanged in response to strenuous aerobic exercise. Significant correlation was observed between changes of sdLDL with TC (r = 0.74, P = 0.008), TG (r = 0.65, P = 0.02) and LDL (r = 0.64, P = 0.03) levels. Conclusions: The results suggest strenuous aerobic exercise had not significant effect on blood lipids and lipoprotein subfractions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Comparison the effect of 8 weeks endurance versus resistance exercise on sdLDL concentration in military men
        Nooshin Khajeian Hamid Reza Nayeri khoob
        Introduction: Small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL) is an emerging biomarker associated with cardiovascular disease and several comorbidities. The effects of aerobic versus resistance exercise on sdLDL levels are not well known; thus the aim of present More
        Introduction: Small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL) is an emerging biomarker associated with cardiovascular disease and several comorbidities. The effects of aerobic versus resistance exercise on sdLDL levels are not well known; thus the aim of present study was to investigate effect of 8 weeks aerobic vs. resistance exercise on sdLDL concentration in military men. Material & Methods: Twenty two military men volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were divided into endurance (n=11) or resistance (n=11) exercise group randomly. The subjects in the endurance exercise group were performed 8 weeks aerobic exercise with 60 to 75% of their hear rate reserve 3 days a week, while the subjects in resistance exercise group were performed resistance training consisted of eight exercises (chest press, triceps extension, latissimus pull down, shoulder press, arm curls, leg extension, leg curls, and curl-up) of 6-12 maximal repetitions with 3 sets at 65-80% of 1RM for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken at baseline and 48h after the last session of exercise. Results: The results showed that sdLDL, TC, TG and LDL decreased and HDL increased only after endurance training. Data also revealed that there were significant differences in changes of sdLDL, TC, LDL and HDL concentration between endurance and resistance exercise. Conclusions: The results suggest endurance exercise is better than resistance exercise to reduce sdLDL, TC, LDL and increase HDL concentration in the military men. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Effect of 8 weeks regular endurance training on galectin-3 changes after a strenuous aerobic exercise
        Nooshin Khajeian Mehrzad Moghadasi
        Introduction: Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a member of the lectin family that is associate with heart failure, including myofibroblast proliferation, fibrogenesis, tissue repair, inflammation, and ventricular remodeling. Although gal-3 increases after high intensity exercise, More
        Introduction: Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a member of the lectin family that is associate with heart failure, including myofibroblast proliferation, fibrogenesis, tissue repair, inflammation, and ventricular remodeling. Although gal-3 increases after high intensity exercise, regular training may attenuate these conditions. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks regular endurance training on galectin-3 changes after a strenuous aerobic exercise. Material & Methods: Elevenhealthy young men (aged: 20.8 ± 1.8 years; ± SD) volunteered to participate in this study. All the subjects were performed Repeated High-Intensity Endurance Test (RHIET) as a strenuous aerobic exercise. Thereafter, the subjects were performed endurance training 3 days a week for 8 weeks at an intensity corresponding to 60-75% individual heart rate reserve (HRR) for 30-45 min. After the 8 weeks intervention, the RHIET was performed a gain. Blood samples were taken at baseline (1st step), immediately after the RHIET (2nd step), 48h after 8 weeks intervention (3rd step) and immediately after the second RHIET (4th step). Results: The results showed that gal-3 level was increased after the first strenuous aerobic exercise (P<0.05). After 8 weeks exercise training, gal-3 was decreased compared to 2nd step of blood sampling (P<0.05) and no significant change was observed in gal-3 in this step compare to the baseline. The results indicated that gal-3 level was lower after the second strenuous aerobic exercise than compare to the after the first strenuous aerobic exercise (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest regular endurance training with specific intensity and duration utilized in this study, attenuate gal-3 changes after single session of strenuous aerobic exercise. Manuscript profile