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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Analysis of meander evolution of Dez River in agricultural and mountainous areas by Google Earth Engine (GEE) and GIS
        Ladan Khedri Gharibvand
        Background and objective:The rivers are vital natural resources for human activities. Knowledge of the structure and dynamics of rivers is important to understand river characteristics. Differences due to the season in river flow lead to unsteady sediment transport capa More
        Background and objective:The rivers are vital natural resources for human activities. Knowledge of the structure and dynamics of rivers is important to understand river characteristics. Differences due to the season in river flow lead to unsteady sediment transport capacities that cause riverside erosion and the development of meandering channels. Channel migration might produce a crucial problem for water supply and hydraulic structures. Therefore, the study of a stream channel dynamical is necessary. In this research, we investigate the meander evolution of the Dez River in agricultural and mountainous areas by GEE and Geographical Information System (GIS) during 1995 - 2021.Materials and methods:To study the meander evolution of the Dez River, the Sinuosity Index (SI) of the river in the mountainous and agricultural areas was calculated. Then the slope and The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) maps were prepared using NASA SRTM. Also, the soil texture map was derived from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) system and the monthly runoff map was prepared in GEE.Results and conclusion:The results showed that SI in the mountainous area was constant (2.10), but it changed in agricultural areas (2.10-2.14). Also, the slope in agricultural areas was 1-4 degrees, the elevation was 30-36 meters, and the soil type was loam and clay loam. Due to the increase in runoff in recent years and the erodibility of the riverbed, it seems that the meander evolution of the Dez River is due to soil type and runoff increase. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Application of hierarchy-fuzzy analysis models and artificial neural networks in locating urban waste burial (Case Study: Lali city)
        Fatemeh Amiri Ladan Khedri Gharibvand Asghar Khedrifar
        Background and objective:Today, waste burial is the most common method in many countries due to its lower cost and acceptance of a wider range of waste. In locating the waste landfill, various parameters such as the needs of urban communities, government, and environmen More
        Background and objective:Today, waste burial is the most common method in many countries due to its lower cost and acceptance of a wider range of waste. In locating the waste landfill, various parameters such as the needs of urban communities, government, and environmental laws, and a large number of quantitative and qualitative criteria are evaluated. For this purpose, several multi-criteria decision-making methods are used in prioritizing suitable places.Materials and methods:This study aims to investigate the suitable places to bury urban wastes in Lali city using a hierarchical-fuzzy analysis process (FAHP) along with a spatial information system and artificial neural network. For this purpose, data such as slope, slope direction, geology, land use, fault, precipitation, soil science, topography, vegetation, communication lines, hydrographic networks, wind, underground water level, and population centers as Information layers were used to locate the waste burial. After standardizing and preparing the maps, the steps related to the weighting of the desired layers were carried out to achieve the weight and importance of each in the positioning process. Then, pairwise comparisons were made between the indicators based on fuzzy numbers and using the FAHP technique.Results and conclusion:Considering all the effective factors in locating and weighting each of the criteria and sub-criteria and combining the data with GIS and artificial neural networks, the proposed areas for landfilling according to the direction of the prevailing winds in the region, in the southeast part of the range Studies were considered that the city has the least development in this direction. Whereas, the location of the current waste burial site is located in an inappropriate place in the north of the city and a tourist area. Manuscript profile