طراحی مدل زیست‌بوم استارتاپ‌های حوزه خدمات پزشکی
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازاریابیامیر ابراهیم پور 1 , حمیده رشادت جو 2 , امیر حسین ذوالفقاری صادق 3 , نیره خسروی 4 , نسترن مهدی پور اوجانی 5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت تکنولوژی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه آموزش عالی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت تکنولوژی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
4 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت تکنولوژی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
5 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت تکنولوژی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران
کلید واژه: استارتاپ, خدمات پزشکی, زیست‌بوم,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش ارائه مدل زیست‌بوم استارتاپ‌ها در حوزه خدمات پزشکی است. این تحقیق از نظر هدف کاربردی است و از لحاظ نحوه گردآوری داده‌ها توضیفی- پیمایشی است. جامعه مورد بررسی خدمات پنج استارتاپ حوزه پزشکی است. پس از تعریف موضوع و انجام مطالعات اکتشافی و کتابخانه‌ای اولیه، عوامل و مؤلفه‌ها از طریق تحلیل مضمون و توسط پرسش‌نامه محقق ساخته که به نظر خبرگان دانشگاهی و حرفه‌ای آشنا با موضوع رسیده (شامل 3 استاد دانشگاه و 7 خبره) و پس از اخذ نظرات اصلاحی کیفی و کمی ایشان (به روش دلفی) بر اساس روش‌های آماری مربوط تحلیل نهایتاً متناسب مدل، مؤلفه‌ها و ترکیب عوامل به اجماع نخبگان رسیده است. در بخش کیفی از نرم‌افزار Maxqda به منظور تحلیل مضمون و در بخش کمی از نرم‌افزار Smart pls به منظور تحلیل عاملی استفاده گردید. این تحقیق با توجه به تعداد 267 کد اولیه که از این تعداد 30 کد باز و 9 کد محوری شکل گرفت. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که (تأمین مالی، فرهنگی، سیاسی، آموزش، ساختار بازار، سرمایه انسانی، شبکه‌ها، فناوری، حمایت‌ها) بر زیست‌بوم استارتاپ‌ها تأثیر معناداری دارد. نتایج نشان داد که مؤلفه‌های زیست‌بوم بر درک بهتر استفاده از زیست‌بوم استارتاپ‌ها در بین استارتاپ‌های حوزه پزشکی می‌تواند باعث استفاده بهینه‌تر از آن در بین آن‌ها شود. بهره‌گیری از مدل مورد معرفی به استارتاپ‌ها کمک می‌کند تا مؤلفه‌های زیست‌بوم استارتاپ‌ها را شناسایی کرده و نقاط قوت و ضعف خود را در زمینه‌های ذیربط درک کنند و همچنین در فضای رقابتی کارایی بیشتری داشته باشند.
The purpose of this research is to present the ecosystem model of startups in the field of medical services. This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The investigated community is the services of five startups in the field of medicine. After defining the topic and conducting initial exploratory and library studies, the factors and components were determined through theme analysis and by a researcher-made questionnaire that reached the opinion of academic and professional experts familiar with the topic (including 3 university professors and 7 experts) and after Obtaining their qualitative and quantitative corrective opinions (using the Delphi method) based on statistical methods related to the ultimate proportional analysis of the model, components and combination of factors has reached the consensus of the elites. In the qualitative part, maxqda software was used for thematic analysis, and in the quantitative part, smart pls software was used for factor analysis. This research was based on the number of 267 primary codes, of which 30 open codes and 9 central codes were formed. The findings of the research showed that (financial, cultural, political, education, market structure, human capital, networks, technology, support) has a significant impact on the ecosystem of startups. The results showed that bio ecosystem components have a better understanding of the use of bio ecosystem startups among startups in the medical field, which can lead to more optimal use of it among them. Using the introduced model helps the startups to identify the components of the startup ecosystem and understand their strengths and weaknesses in the relevant fields and also be more efficient in the competitive environment.
رشادت‌جو، ح. و ابراهیم‌پور، ا. (1399). "ارائه مدل تأثیر ابعاد بازاریابی کارآفرینانه بر رفتار مصرف‌کننده در استارتاپ‌های حوزه فناوری نوین"، مدیریت بازاریابی، 15(49)، 23-37.
Agnihotri, P. & Santhanam, H. (2002). “International marketing strategies for global competitiveness. In The Seventh International Conference in Global Business and Economic Development”, Bangkok, Thailand.
Aldrich, H.E. (1990). “Interdisciplinary forum”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 14(3), 7.
Alves, A.C., Fischer, B., Vonortas, N.S. & Queiroz, S.R.R.D. (2019). “Configurations of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurial ecosystems”, Revista de Administração de Empresas, 59(4), 242-257.
Amolo, J. & Migiro, S.O. (2015). “An entrepreneurial flair development: the role of an ecosystem”, Change, 9. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 13(2).
Arruda, C., Nogueira, V.S., Cozzi, A. & Costa, V. (2015). “The Brazilian entrepreneurial ecosystem of startups: an analysis of entrepreneurship determinants in Brazil and the perceptions around the Brazilian regulatory framework”, In Entrepreneurship in BRICS, 2, 9-26.
Springer, C., Asheim, B.T., Smith, H.L. & Oughton, C. (2011). “Regional innovation systems: theory, empirics and policy”, Regional studies, 45(7), 875-891.
Audretsch, D.B. & Belitski, M. (2017). “Entrepreneurial ecosystems in cities: establishing the framework conditions”, The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(5), 1030-1051.
Audretsch, D.B., Cunningham, J.A., Kuratko, D.F., Lehmann, E.E. & Menter, M. (2019). “Entrepreneurial ecosystems: economic, technological, and societal impacts”, The Journal of technology transfer, 44(2), 313-325.
Bain, J.S. (1956). “Barriers to new competition, their character and consequences in manufacturing industries (No. HB771 B23).
Baker, T., Gedajlovic, E. & Lubatkin, M. (2005). “A framework for comparing entrepreneurship processes across nations”, Journal of International Business Studies, 36(5), 492-504.
Bertoni, F., Colombo, M.G. & Quas, A. (2019). “The role of governmental venture capital in the venture capital ecosystem: An organizational ecology perspective”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(3), 611-628.
Diebold, W., Scott, B.R. & Lodge, G.C. (1985). “U.S. Competitiveness in the World Economy”, Foreign Affairs, 63(4), 916.
Espinoza, C., Mardones, C., Sáez, K. & Catalán, P. (2019). “Entrepreneurship and regional dynamics: the case of Chile”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 31(9-10), 755-767.
Faghih, N. & Zali, M.R. (2018). “Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).
Springer, C., Feldman, M., Siegel, D.S. & Wright, M. (2019). “New developments in innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 28(4), 817-826.
GEM. (2018). “Global Entrepreneurship Monitor IRAN”, Choice Reviews Online.
Groth, O.J., Esposito, M. & Tse, T. (2015). “What Europe needs is an innovation‐driven entrepreneurship ecosystem: Introducing EDIE”, Thunderbird International Business Review, 57(4), 263-269.
Huggins, R. & Williams, N. (2011). “Entrepreneurship and regional competitiveness: The role and progression of policy”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 23(9-10), 907-932.
Isenberg, D. (2010). “How to start an entrepreneurial revolution”, Harvard business review, 88(6), 40-50.
Isenberg, D. (2011). “The consequences of entrepreneurial finance: Evidence from angel financingsThe Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Strategy as a New Paradigm for Economic Policy: Principles for Cultivating Entrepreneurship”, Review of Financial Studies, 27(1), 20-55.
Kang, D. & Park, Y. (2019). “Analysing diffusion pattern of mobile application services in Korea using the competitive Bass model and Herfindahl index”, Applied Economics Letters, 26(3), 222-230.
Kumar, P., Dass, M. & Kumar, S. (2015). “From competitive advantage to nodal advantage: Ecosystem structure and the new five forces that affect prosperity”, Business Horizons, 58(4), 469-481.
Liguori, E., Bendickson, J., Solomon, S. & McDowell, W.C. (2019). “Development of a multi-dimensional measure for assessing entrepreneurial ecosystems”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 31(1-2), 7-21.
Manimala, M.J., Thomas, P. & Thomas, P.K. (2019). “Perception of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Testing the Actor - Observer Bias”, The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 28(2), 316-342.
Mason, C. & Brown, R. (2014). “Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth-oriented entrepreneurship”, Final Report to OECD, Paris, 30(1), 77-102.
Mazzarol, T. (2014). “Growing and sustaining entrepreneurial ecosystems: The role of regulation, infrastructure and financing.
Momaya, K. (2011). “Cooperation for competitiveness of emerging countries: learning from a case of nanotechnology”, Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal. 21(2), 152-170.
Moon, H.C., Rugman, A.M. & Verbeke, A. (1998). “A generalized double diamond approach to the global competitiveness of Korea and Singapore”, International business review, 7(2), 135-150.
Muldoon, J., Bauman, A. & Lucy, C. (2018). “Entrepreneurial ecosystem: do you trust or distrust?”, Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy.
OECD. (2015). “New Approaches to SME and Entrepreneurship Financing. In New Approaches to SME and Entrepreneurship Financing. Broadening the range of instruments”, Pariz: OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Local Development.
Porter, M.E. (2000). “Location, competition, and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy”, Economic development quarterly, 14(1), 15-34.
Rezaei, S., Dana, L.P. & Ramadani, V. (Eds.). (2017). “Iranian entrepreneurship: Deciphering the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Iran and in the Iranian diaspora”, Springer.
Entezari, Y. (2015). “Building knowledge-based entrepreneurship ecosystems: Case of Iran”, Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 195, 1206-1215.
Stam, E. & Ven, A. (2021). “Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Elements”, Small Business Economics, 56(2), 809-832.
Chen, J., Li, C., Garry D, B. & Naiheng, S. (2019). “Entrepreneurial ecosystems: what we know and where we move as we build an understanding of China”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 32(5-6), 370-388.
Pushpananthan, G. & Elmquist, M. (2022). “Joining forces to create value: The emergence of an innovation ecosystem”, Technovation, 115, 102453.
Kato, M. & Zhou, H. (2018). “Numerical labor flexibility and innovation outcomes of start-up firms: a panel data analysis”, Technovation, 69, 15-27.
Honjo, Y. (2021). “The impact of founders’ human capital on initial funding: evidence from Japan”, Technovation, 100, 102191.
Soluk, J., Kammerlander, N. & Darwin, S. (2021). “Digital entrepreneurship in developing countries: the role of institutional voids”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 170.
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رشادت‌جو، ح. و ابراهیم‌پور، ا. (1399). "ارائه مدل تأثیر ابعاد بازاریابی کارآفرینانه بر رفتار مصرف‌کننده در استارتاپ‌های حوزه فناوری نوین"، مدیریت بازاریابی، 15(49)، 23-37.
Agnihotri, P. & Santhanam, H. (2002). “International marketing strategies for global competitiveness. In The Seventh International Conference in Global Business and Economic Development”, Bangkok, Thailand.
Aldrich, H.E. (1990). “Interdisciplinary forum”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 14(3), 7.
Alves, A.C., Fischer, B., Vonortas, N.S. & Queiroz, S.R.R.D. (2019). “Configurations of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurial ecosystems”, Revista de Administração de Empresas, 59(4), 242-257.
Amolo, J. & Migiro, S.O. (2015). “An entrepreneurial flair development: the role of an ecosystem”, Change, 9. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 13(2).
Arruda, C., Nogueira, V.S., Cozzi, A. & Costa, V. (2015). “The Brazilian entrepreneurial ecosystem of startups: an analysis of entrepreneurship determinants in Brazil and the perceptions around the Brazilian regulatory framework”, In Entrepreneurship in BRICS, 2, 9-26.
Springer, C., Asheim, B.T., Smith, H.L. & Oughton, C. (2011). “Regional innovation systems: theory, empirics and policy”, Regional studies, 45(7), 875-891.
Audretsch, D.B. & Belitski, M. (2017). “Entrepreneurial ecosystems in cities: establishing the framework conditions”, The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(5), 1030-1051.
Audretsch, D.B., Cunningham, J.A., Kuratko, D.F., Lehmann, E.E. & Menter, M. (2019). “Entrepreneurial ecosystems: economic, technological, and societal impacts”, The Journal of technology transfer, 44(2), 313-325.
Bain, J.S. (1956). “Barriers to new competition, their character and consequences in manufacturing industries (No. HB771 B23).
Baker, T., Gedajlovic, E. & Lubatkin, M. (2005). “A framework for comparing entrepreneurship processes across nations”, Journal of International Business Studies, 36(5), 492-504.
Bertoni, F., Colombo, M.G. & Quas, A. (2019). “The role of governmental venture capital in the venture capital ecosystem: An organizational ecology perspective”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(3), 611-628.
Diebold, W., Scott, B.R. & Lodge, G.C. (1985). “U.S. Competitiveness in the World Economy”, Foreign Affairs, 63(4), 916.
Espinoza, C., Mardones, C., Sáez, K. & Catalán, P. (2019). “Entrepreneurship and regional dynamics: the case of Chile”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 31(9-10), 755-767.
Faghih, N. & Zali, M.R. (2018). “Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).
Springer, C., Feldman, M., Siegel, D.S. & Wright, M. (2019). “New developments in innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 28(4), 817-826.
GEM. (2018). “Global Entrepreneurship Monitor IRAN”, Choice Reviews Online.
Groth, O.J., Esposito, M. & Tse, T. (2015). “What Europe needs is an innovation‐driven entrepreneurship ecosystem: Introducing EDIE”, Thunderbird International Business Review, 57(4), 263-269.
Huggins, R. & Williams, N. (2011). “Entrepreneurship and regional competitiveness: The role and progression of policy”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 23(9-10), 907-932.
Isenberg, D. (2010). “How to start an entrepreneurial revolution”, Harvard business review, 88(6), 40-50.
Isenberg, D. (2011). “The consequences of entrepreneurial finance: Evidence from angel financingsThe Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Strategy as a New Paradigm for Economic Policy: Principles for Cultivating Entrepreneurship”, Review of Financial Studies, 27(1), 20-55.
Kang, D. & Park, Y. (2019). “Analysing diffusion pattern of mobile application services in Korea using the competitive Bass model and Herfindahl index”, Applied Economics Letters, 26(3), 222-230.
Kumar, P., Dass, M. & Kumar, S. (2015). “From competitive advantage to nodal advantage: Ecosystem structure and the new five forces that affect prosperity”, Business Horizons, 58(4), 469-481.
Liguori, E., Bendickson, J., Solomon, S. & McDowell, W.C. (2019). “Development of a multi-dimensional measure for assessing entrepreneurial ecosystems”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 31(1-2), 7-21.
Manimala, M.J., Thomas, P. & Thomas, P.K. (2019). “Perception of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Testing the Actor - Observer Bias”, The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 28(2), 316-342.
Mason, C. & Brown, R. (2014). “Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth-oriented entrepreneurship”, Final Report to OECD, Paris, 30(1), 77-102.
Mazzarol, T. (2014). “Growing and sustaining entrepreneurial ecosystems: The role of regulation, infrastructure and financing.
Momaya, K. (2011). “Cooperation for competitiveness of emerging countries: learning from a case of nanotechnology”, Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal. 21(2), 152-170.
Moon, H.C., Rugman, A.M. & Verbeke, A. (1998). “A generalized double diamond approach to the global competitiveness of Korea and Singapore”, International business review, 7(2), 135-150.
Muldoon, J., Bauman, A. & Lucy, C. (2018). “Entrepreneurial ecosystem: do you trust or distrust?”, Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy.
OECD. (2015). “New Approaches to SME and Entrepreneurship Financing. In New Approaches to SME and Entrepreneurship Financing. Broadening the range of instruments”, Pariz: OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Local Development.
Porter, M.E. (2000). “Location, competition, and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy”, Economic development quarterly, 14(1), 15-34.
Rezaei, S., Dana, L.P. & Ramadani, V. (Eds.). (2017). “Iranian entrepreneurship: Deciphering the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Iran and in the Iranian diaspora”, Springer.
Entezari, Y. (2015). “Building knowledge-based entrepreneurship ecosystems: Case of Iran”, Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 195, 1206-1215.
Stam, E. & Ven, A. (2021). “Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Elements”, Small Business Economics, 56(2), 809-832.
Chen, J., Li, C., Garry D, B. & Naiheng, S. (2019). “Entrepreneurial ecosystems: what we know and where we move as we build an understanding of China”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 32(5-6), 370-388.
Pushpananthan, G. & Elmquist, M. (2022). “Joining forces to create value: The emergence of an innovation ecosystem”, Technovation, 115, 102453.
Kato, M. & Zhou, H. (2018). “Numerical labor flexibility and innovation outcomes of start-up firms: a panel data analysis”, Technovation, 69, 15-27.
Honjo, Y. (2021). “The impact of founders’ human capital on initial funding: evidence from Japan”, Technovation, 100, 102191.
Soluk, J., Kammerlander, N. & Darwin, S. (2021). “Digital entrepreneurship in developing countries: the role of institutional voids”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 170.