تأثیر رهبری اسلامی و اخلاق کاری اسلامی بر عملکرد اسلامی کارکنان با نقش میانجی فرهنگ سازمانی اسلامی
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانی- بازرگانی
عباس قائدامینی هارونی
1
,
مهرداد صادقی ده چشمه
2
,
علی مراد خسروی
3
,
غلامرضا مالکی فارسانی
4
1 - دکتری مدیریت و مدرس دانشگاه جامع علمی کاربردی مرکز فارسان، چهارمحال و بختیاری، ایران (نویسنده مسؤول)
2 - استادیار گروه مدیریت، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
3 - دکتری حقوق خصوصی، مدرس دانشگاه جامع علمی کاربردی مرکز فارسان، چهارمحال و بختیاری، ایران
4 - دکتری مدیریت و مدرس دانشگاه جامع علمی کاربردی مرکز هرند، اصفهان ، ایران
کلید واژه: رهبری اسلامی, اخلاق کاری اسلامی, عملکرد اسلامی کارکنان, فرهنگ سازمانی اسلامی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش تعیین تأثیر رهبری اسلامی و اخلاق کاری اسلامی بر عملکرد اسلامی کارکنان با نقش میانجی فرهنگ سازمانی اسلامی است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر نحوه گردآوری اطلاعات توصیفی از نوع همبستگی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر را کلیه کارکنان شاغل در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) به تعداد 660 نفر تشکیل دادند که از طریق فرمول نمونه‌گیری کوکران تعداد 244 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه از طریق روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای متناسب با حجم انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسش‌نامه استاندارد رهبری اسلامی فبریانی و همکاران (20018)، پرسش‌نامه استاندارد اخلاق کاری اسلامی علی و الکاظمی (2007)، پرسش‌نامه استاندارد فرهنگ سازمانی اسلامی فضل الرحمن و فواد (2022) و پرسش‌نامه استاندارد عملکرد اسلامی کارکنان مرسودی و همکاران (2019)بود که روایی پرسش‌نامه‌ها بر اساس روایی محتوایی، صوری و سازه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و پس از اصطلاحات لازم روایی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت و از سوی دیگر پایایی پرسش‌نامه‌ها با روش آلفای کرونباخ به ترتیب 90/0، 90/0 ، 92 /0 و 92/0 برآورد شد و تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در سطح استنباطی مشتمل بر مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری انجام گرفت. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که رهبری اسلامی، اخلاق کاری اسلامی و فرهنگ سازمانی اسلامی بر عملکرد کارکنان تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارند. از سوی دیگر، رهبری اسلامی با میانجی فرهنگ سازمانی اسلامی تأثیر قابل توجهی بر عملکرد کارکنان دارد.
The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of Islamic leadership and Islamic work ethics on the Islamic performance of employees with the mediating role of Islamic organizational culture. The current research is applied in terms of purpose description, and correlational data collection. The statistical population of the present study was consisted of all the employees working in (case of study: Islamic Azad University, Isfahan branch (Khorasgan)) including 660 employees. With the help of Cochran sampling formula, the number of 244 employees through the stratified sampling method with proportional to the volume were selected. The research tools were the standard Islamic leadership questionnaire by Fabriani et al. (2018 ) , the standard Islamic work ethics questionnaire by Ali and Al-Kazemi (2007), the standard Islamic organizational culture questionnaire by Fazlur Rahman and Fawad (2022), and finally standard Islamic performance questionnaire by Marsudi et al. 2019) The validity of the questionnaires was examined based on content, form and construct validity. After adding the necessary terms, the validity was confirmed and the reliability of the questionnaires calculated as 0.90, 0.90, 0.92 and 0.92 and data analysis was done at an inferential level including structural equation modeling. The results of the research showed that Islamic leadership, Islamic work ethics and Islamic organizational culture have a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees. On the other hand, Islamic leadership with the mediation of Islamic organizational culture had a significant effect on the performance of employees.
Abadiyah, R., & Purwanto, D. (2016). The effect of Organizational Culture, Compensation on Work Satisfaction and Employee Performance of Islamic Bank. Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen & Perbankan, 2(02), 49-67.
Abbasi, A. S., Rehman, K. U., & Abbasi, S. H. (2010). Welfare and protection model for organizational management: The Islamic perspective. African Journal of Business Management, 4(5), 739-747.
Ahmad, M. S. (2011). Work ethics: an Islamic prospective. Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1), 850-859.
Ahmad, S., & Owoyemi, M. Y. (2012). The concept of Islamic work ethic: An analysis of some salient points in the prophetic tradition. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(20), 116-123.
Aira, A. (2016). Pengaruh Etika Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Manajerial Pada Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) Kabupaten Kampar. Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 19(1), 1–18.
Alhyasat, K. M. (2012). The role of Islamic work ethics in developing organizational citizenship behavior at the Jordanian Press Foundations. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3(2), 139-154.
Ali, A. J., & Al‐Owaihan, A. (2008). Islamic work ethic: a critical review. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 15(1), 5-19.
Anam, C. (2017). The effect of Islamic Leadership, Islamic Work Motivation on Employee Performance. Istithmar, 1(01), 11-29.
Arifin, I., Juharyanto, Mustiningsih, & Taufiq, A. (2018). Islamic crash course as a leadership strategy of school principals in strengthening school organizational culture. Sage Open, 8(3), 2158244018799849.
Asifudin, A. J. (2004). Islamic Work Ethics. Surakarta, ID : Penerbit Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Awaluddin. Siti Haerani 2 and M. Sobarsyah(2020) EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND COMPENSATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION PT. BANK BRI (PERSERO) Tbk BRANCH OF SIDRAP. GSJ: 8( 12)1435-1448.
Bin Salahudin, S. N., binti Baharuddin, S. S., Abdullah, M. S., & Osman, A. (2016). The effect of Islamic work ethics on organizational commitment. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 582-590.
Citra, D. P., Purwadi, A., & Hakim, I. (2018). Pengaruh Etos Kerja Islami Dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Bank Tabungan Negara Syariah (BTN) KC Malang. Falah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 3(2), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.22219/jes.v3i2.6911
Citra, D. P.., Purwadi, A., & Hakim, I. (2018). The Effect of Islamic Work Ethics and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance of Bank Tabungan Negara Syariah (BTN) KC Malang. Falah : Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 3(2), 24-33.
Daulay, R., & Manaf, A. A. (2017). Strategi & workshop kewirausahaan. Medan: Lembaga Penelitian dan Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Aqila
Denison, D, & Mishra, A. (1995). Toward a Theory of Organizational Culture and Effectiveness. Organization Science, 6(2), 204-223. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.2.204
Desky, H. (2014). The effect of Islamic Work Ethics and Leadership Style on Employee performance of Ayam Lepaas Restaurant in Lhokseumawe. INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 8(02), 459-478.
Edward, Y.R., and Purba, K. (2020). The Effect Analysis of Emotional Intelligence and Work Environment on Employee Performance with Organizational Commitment as Intervening Variables in PT Berkat Bima Sentana. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 3 (3): 1552-1563.
Efrina, L. (2019). Islamic Work Ethics and Organizational Culture : Its Effect on Employee Performance of Islamic Multifinance. Equilibrium Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 7(02), 259-271.
Fadhlurrohman, Ahnaf. Fuad ,Masud (2022) The Effect of Islamic Work Ethics and Islamic Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal). 5( 2) 9327-9336.
Fahrullah, A. (2018). The Effect of Islamic Leadership on Motivation, Performance and Islamic Welfare. Al-Uqud: Journal of Islamic Economics, 2(02), 121-140.
Faris, N., & Parry, K. (2011). Islamic Organizational Leadership within a Western Society: The Problematic Role of External Context. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 132-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.12.012
Hakim, A. (2012). The Implementation of Islamic Leadership and Islamic Organizational Culture and Its Influence on Islamic Working Motivation and Islamic Performance PT Bank Mu’amalat Indonesia Tbk. Employee in the Central Java. Asia Pacific Management Review, 17(01), 77-90.
Hakim, L. (2011). Building a Superior Organizational Culture as An Effort to Improve Employee Performance in the Competitive Era. BENEFIT Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 15(2), 148-158. http://doi.org/10.23917/benefit.v15i2.1342.
Hakim, L. (2016). Budaya Organisasi Islami Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kinerja. Iqtishadia, 9(1), 179–205.
Hakim. Wardhani. Haerani. Siti. Hakim, Haeriah. Ansar. Asriani(2018) The Influence of Leader’s Islamic Work Ethic on Employee Performance and Organizational Commitment. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research.92(2)344-354.
Hamzah, Z., & Basri, Y. Z. (2021). The influence of Islamic leadership and Islamic work ethics on employee performance of Islamic banks in riau province mediated by Islamic
Hamzah, Z., Basri, Y., & ., Z. (2021). THE INFLUENCE OF ISLAMIC LEADERSHIP AND ISLAMIC WORK ETHICS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF ISLAMIC BANKS IN RIAU PROVINCE MEDIATED BY ISLAMIC ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE. International Journal of Islamic Business & Management, 5(1), 23-34.
Harahap, S. (2016). The Influence of Islamic Leadership and Work Motivation on Employee Performance at PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri, Tbk Sukaramai Medan Sub-Branch Office. Human Falah, 3(02), 253-270.
Hayati, K., & Caniago, I. (2012). Islamic work ethic: The role of intrinsic motivation, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 1102-1106.
Hoque, N., Khan, M. A., & Mowla, M. (2013). Organisational culture: features and framework from Islamic perspective. Humanomics: The International Journal of Systems and Ethics, 29(3), 202-219.
Indica, I. W. M. (2016). The Influence of Islamic Work Ethics and Transformational Leadership Style on Organizational Commitment and Employee Performance. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB Universitas Brawijaya, 2(2).
Indica, I. W. M. (2016). The Influence of Islamic Work Ethics and Transformational Leadership Style on Organizational Commitment and Employee Performance. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB Universitas Brawijaya, 2(2).
Islam, K.M.A., & Miajee, M.R.K. (2017). An Islamic Prespective of Leadership. International Journal of Islamic Business & Management, 1(1), 14-16.
Jannah, M., Suwardi, Iriyanto, S. (2016). Analysis of Islamic Leadership on Employee Performance (Case Study at PT. Bank Mumalat Indonesia Tbk, Semarang Branch). Value Assed, Makalah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 12(01), 16-30.
Jin, K. G., & Drozdenko, R. G. (2010). Relationships among perceived organizational core values, corporate social responsibility, ethics, and organizational performance outcomes: An empirical study of information technology professionals. Journal of Business Ethics, 92(3), 341-359.
Kusumawati, D. A. (2015). Improving Islamic Performance Behavior with Islamic Organizational Culture as a Moderating Variable. Proceeding of the 2nd Conference in Busineess, Accounting and Managgement (pp. 233-242). Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. May 1st.
Kuswati, Yeti. (2020). “The Effect of Motivation on Employee Performance”. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), Volume 3, No 2, May 2020, pages: 995-1002
Layaman & Maya., J. (2018). The Influence of Islamic Work Culture and Work Ethic on Employee Performance at Bank Syariah Mandiri Cirebon Branch. Journal of Strategic Management, 1(1) 1-20.
Layaman, & Jumalia, M. (2018). Pengaruh budaya kerja dan etos kerja islami terhadap kinerja karyawan. Indonesian Journal of Strategic Management, 1(1), 70–81.
Marimin, A. (2011). The Influence of Leadership Style, Work Motivation, and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance at Bank Muamalat Indonesia Surakarta Branch. Jurnal Muqtasid, 2(20), 23-37.
Marsudi, Rizki Febriani, Chalimatuz Sa’diyah, and Yeyen Pratika (2019). The Implementation of Islamic Values in Improving the Quality of Employee Performance in Workplace. KnE Social ciences, 3(13), 559–575.
Martínez, C., Skeet, A. G., & Sasia, P. M. (2021). Managing organizational ethics: How ethics becomes pervasive within organizations. Business Horizons, 64(1), 83-92.
Mas’ud, F. (2004). Survai diagnosis organisasional konsep dan aplikasi. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro
Mashudi, M. (2014). Antecedent Kinerja Pegawai di Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. JBMP (Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Perbankan), 1(2), 139-156.
Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2002). Human Resource Management. Jakarta, ID : Salemba Empat.
Maula, L. H., Jamil, S., & Zuana., M. M. (2020). The Influence of Islamic Organization Culture and Employee Welfare on Employee Performance at PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Sidoarjo Branch Office. Al-Tsiqoh : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Dakwah Islam, 5(01), 80-91. https://doi.org/10.1234/altsiq.v5i1.698
Maula, L. H., Jamil, S., & Zuana., M. M. (2020). The Influence of Islamic Organization Culture and Employee Welfare on Employee Performance at PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Sidoarjo Branch Office. Al-Tsiqoh : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Dakwah Islam, 5(01), 80-91. https://doi.org/10.1234/altsiq.v5i1.698
Mauliza, P., Yusuf, R., & Ilhamsyah, T. R. (2016). The Influence of Islamic Work Ethic and Transformational Leadership Style on Organizational Commitment and Its Implications on the performance of Employees of Wilayatul Hisbah Banda Aceh. Jurnal Prespektif Ekonomi Darussalam, 2(02), 185-200. https://doi.org/10.24815/jped.v2i2.6693
Mauliza, P., Yusuf, R., & Ilhamsyah, T. R. (2016). The Influence of Islamic Work Ethic and Transformational Leadership Style on Organizational Commitment and Its Implications on the performance of Employees of Wilayatul Hisbah Banda Aceh. Jurnal Prespektif Ekonomi Darussalam, 2(02), 185-200. https://doi.org/10.24815/jped.v2i2.6693
Mauliza, P., Yusuf, R., & Ilhamsyah, T. R. (2017). Pengaruh Etos Kerja Islami Dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Komitmen Organisasional Serta Implikasinya Pada Kinerja Pegawai Wilayatul Hisbah Kota Banda Aceh. Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi Darussalam, 2(2), 185–200. https://doi.org/10.24815/jped.v2i2.6693
Mujiono, I. (2002). Leadership and Organization. Yogyakarta, ID : UII Press.
Mujiono, I. (2002). Leadership and Organization. Yogyakarta, ID : UII Press.
Murtaza, G., Abbas, M., Raja, U., Roques, O., Khalid, A., & Mushtaq, R. (2016). Impact of Islamic work ethics on organizational citizenship behaviors and knowledge-sharing behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(2), 325-333.
Muzaki, Ilham. Supriyanto, Achmad Sani(2021) The Effect of Islamic eadership on Performance Mediated by Organizational Culture: Case Study at PT. Pos Indonesia Malang City. THE American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (THE AJHSSR),4(3)348-354.
Nasution, Nasir. Marpaung. Muslim. Amirulsyah(2019) The Influence of Spiritual Leadership, Work Life Quality,Islamic Work Ethic on Employee Performance with OrganizationalCitizenship Behavior.Case Study of Employees of SUMUT Islamic Bank in Medan City. Opcion,35(20) 2899-2921.
Paais, M., & Pattiruhu, J. R. (2020). Effect of motivation, leadership, and organizational culture on satisfaction and employee performance. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, 7(8), 577-588.
Prasetyo, Ari. Soleh. Mochammad. Hidayati. Nurul(2021) The Effect of Islamic Leadership and Islamic Compensation on Employee Performance with Employee's Commitment as Moderation in Islamic Boarding School's Businesses.5(2)292-306.
Rachmanu, E.D., & Ridwan, A. A. (2018). Organizational Culture and Employee Performance : Islamic Economic Perspective. Ekspektra : Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 2(02), 170-180. http:dx.doi.org/10.25139/ekt.v2i2.1222
Randeree, K. (2009). An Islamic Perspective on Leadership: Qur'anic World View on The Qualities of Leaders. Global Studies Journal, 2(02), 197-210.
Ridlo, Musalim. Rozaq, M Ahsin. Saputra. Yudi. Mochlasin(2022) Moderation of Islamic Work Ethic Variables on the Influence of Work Environment, Work Motivation, Work Culture and Compensation on Employee Performance. Management Analysis Journal.11(1)95-102.
Robbins, S. P. (2001). Organizational Behavior: Concept, Controversy, Application. Jakarta, ID : Prenhallindo.
Rokhman, W. (2010). The Effect of Islamic Work Ethics on Work Outcomes. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 15(1), 21-27.
Romi, M. V., Ahman, E., Suryadi, E., & Riswanto, A. (2020). Islamic Work Ethics-Based Organizational Citizenship Behavior to Improve the Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Higher Education Lecturers in Indonesia. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(2), 78-84.).
Saban, D., Basalamah, S., Gani, A., & Rahman, Z. (2020). Impact of Islamic work ethics, competencies, compensation, work culture on job satisfaction and employee performance: the case of four star hotels. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(1).
Sari, I. P., & Nugraheni, R. (2019). Pengaruh Etos Kerja Islam Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Keadilan Organisasional dan Komitmen Organisasional Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Pada Perawat Tetap Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang). Diponegoro Journal of Management, 8(4), 106-118.
Sedarmayanti. (2001). Sumber daya manusia dan produktivitas kerja. Bandung: Mandar Maju.
Setyorini, C.T., Magfiroh, S., & Farida, Y.N. (2012). The Influence of Organizational Commitment, and Work Engagement on Employee Performance of Baitul Mall Wa Tamwil, Media Riset Akuntansi, 2(01), 32-47.
Setyorini, C.T., Magfiroh, S., & Farida, Y.N. (2012). The Influence of Organizational Commitment, and Work Engagement on Employee Performance of Baitul Mall Wa Tamwil, Media Riset Akuntansi, 2(01), 32-47.
Shafique, I., N. Kalyar, M., & Ahmad, B. (2018). The Nexus of Ethical Leadership, Job Performance, and Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 16(1), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.16.1.5
Shafissalam, A., & Azzuhri, M. (2016). The Influence of Islamic Work Ethic on Employee Performance at Indonesian Agro Niaga Cooperative (Kanindo) Syaria East Java. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB Universitas Brawijaya, 2(2).
Sopiah ,SOPIAH, Mahirah KAMALUDIN, Etta Mamang SANGADJI, Bagus Shandy NARMADITYA(2021) Organizational Culture and Employee Performance: An Empirical Study of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business . 8 (6 ) 0395–0406.
Sugiyono. (2005). Understanding Qualitative Research. Bandung, ID: CV. Alfabeta.
Suripto, T. (2016). Strategies to Improve Company Performance Through Islamic Organization Culture. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia, 6(2), 144-153.
Syardiansah, et al. (2020). The Effect of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance of the Royal Hotel in East Aceh District. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal). P. 849-857.
Tasmara, T. (2002). Building an Islamic Work Ethic. Jakarta, ID : Gema Insani Press.
Tho’in, M. (2016). Human Resources Competency of Sharia Bank Based on Islamic Sharia Principles (Case Study on BNI Syariah Surakarta). Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 2(03), 158-171.
Wahjudewanti, A.S., Tjakraatmaja, J.H., and Anggoro, Y. (2021). Knowledge Management Strategies to Improve Learning and Growth in Creative Industries: A Framework Model. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 4 (2): 1903-1915.
Wahyuningsih., S.S., & Basalamah, J. (2019). The Influence of Organizational Culture, Work Motivation and Islamic Work Ethics on Employee Performance of Bank Syariah Mandiri Makassar Branch. CESJ Center of Economic Student Journal, 2(02), 125-132.
Wahyuningsih., S.S., & Basalamah, J. (2019). The Influence of Organizational Culture, Work Motivation and Islamic Work Ethics on Employee Performance of Bank Syariah Mandiri Makassar Branch. CESJ Center of Economic Student Journal, 2(02), 125-132.
Wijayanti, R., & Meftahudin, M. (2016). Pengaruh kepemimpinan islami, motivasi dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan lama kerja sebagai variabel moderating. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat UNSIQ, 3(3), 185-192.
Wijayanti, R., & Meftahudin, M. (2016). Pengaruh kepemimpinan islami, motivasi dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan lama kerja sebagai variabel moderating. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat UNSIQ, 3(3), 185-192.
Wijayanti, R., & Wajdi, F. (2012). The Influence of Islamic Leadership, Motivation And Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance with Long Work as Moderating Variables. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sumber Daya, 13(2), 108-115.
Wijayanti, R., & Wajdi, F. (2012). The Influence of Islamic Leadership, Motivation And Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance with Long Work as Moderating Variables. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sumber Daya, 13(2), 108-115.
Wulandari, R., Djawoto, and Prijati. (2021). The Influence of Delegative Leadership Style, Motivation, Work Environment on Employee Performance in Self-Efficiency Mediation in SNVT Housing Provision of East Java Province. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 4 (3): 3294-3311.
Yiing, L. H., & Ahmad, K. Z. B. (2009). The moderating effects of organizational culture on the relationships between leadership behaviour and organizational commitment and between organizational commitment and job satisfaction and performance. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 30(1), 53-86.