طراحی مدل موانع مشارکت سالمندان در ورزش با تأکید بر فاکتورهای رفاه اجتماعی
محورهای موضوعی : نوآوری در مدیریت ورزشیلیلا شکوهی رستمی 1 , زین العابدین فلاح 2 * , طاهر بهلکه 3 , اسرا عسگری 4
1 - دانشجو دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
3 - استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
4 - استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
کلید واژه: سلامت سالمندان, ورزش سالمندی, مشارکت در ورزش, تأمین اجتماعی.,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش، طراحی مدل موانع مشارکت سالمندان در ورزش با تأکید بر فاکتورهای رفاه اجتماعی بود. تحقیق از نوع کیفی با رویکرد اکتشافی نظاممند انتخاب شد. جامعه آماری شامل دو بخش منابع انسانی (اساتید، مدیران، سالمندان، پزشکان) و منابع اطلاعاتی (کتابها، مقالات، اسناد، رسانهها) بود. نمونهگیری به تعداد قابل کفایت و با روش قضاوتی بر مبنای رسیدن به اشباع نظری انجام شد (17 نفر). ابزار پژوهش شامل مطالعه کتابخانهای نظاممند و مصاحبههای اکتشافی ساختارمند بود. روایی ابزار بر اساس اعتبار نمونه، نظر خبرگان و توافق بین مصححان ارزیابی و تأیید گردید. جهت تحلیل یافتهها از روش کدگذاری مفهومی چندمرحلهای با رویکرد تحلیل سیستمی استفاده شد. بر اساس چارچوب مفهومی استخراج‌شده شامل 5 مقوله اصلی و 42 کد باز بود. نتایج کدگذاری انتخابی نشان داد که موانع مشارکت سالمندان در ورزش با تأکید بر فاکتورهای رفاه اجتماعی شامل موانع اقتصادی (گرانی، اقتصاد کلان و بودجه سازمان‌ها)، موانع آموزشی، موانع مرتبط با تأمین اجتماعی، موانع سلامتی (جسمی و روانی) و دغدغههای فردی معیشتی سالمندان (شغلی، مسکن، خانوادگی) می‌باشد. بر اساس نتایج میتوان گفت فاکتورهای رفاه اجتماعی می‌تواند موانع اصلی مشارکت سالمندان را در ورزش و برنامه‌های مرتبط با فعالیت‌های بدنی را نمایان سازد و لذا برای ارتقاء سطح مشارکت سالمندان در برنامه‌های ورزشی می‌بایست رفاه اجتماعی آنان موردتوجه قرار گیرد.
The purpose of this research was to design a model of barriers to the participation of the elderly in sports with an emphasis on social well-being factors. A qualitative research with a systematic exploratory approach was chosen. The statistical population included two parts of human resources (professors, managers, elderly, and doctors) and information sources (books, articles, documents, media). Sampling was done in a sufficient number and with a judgment method based on reaching theoretical saturation (17 people). Research tools included systematic library study and structured exploratory interviews. The validity of the instrument was evaluated and confirmed based on the validity of the sample, the opinion of experts and the agreement between the correctors. In order to analyze the findings, a multi-stage conceptual coding method with a systemic analysis approach was used. Based on the extracted conceptual framework, it included 5 main categories and 42 open codes. The results of selective coding showed that the barriers to the participation of the elderly in sports with an emphasis on social welfare factors include economic barriers (expensiveness, macroeconomics and budgets of organizations), educational barriers, barriers related to social security, health barriers (physical and mental) and anxiety. Individual livelihoods of the elderly (occupation, housing, family). Based on the results, it can be said that social well-being factors can reveal the main obstacles to the participation of the elderly in sports and programs related to physical activities, and therefore, to improve the level of participation of the elderly in sports programs, their social well-being should be considered.
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