شناسایی نیازها، مسائل و مشکلات روان شناختی و اجتماعی سالمندان و اولویت بندی آن ها: یک پژوهش کیفی
محورهای موضوعی : روان درمانگریمهدی منوچهری 1 , سعیده محسنی نژاد 2 , فاطمه خرمیان 3
1 - استادیار، دکترای روانشناسی سلامت، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - کارشناس ارشد، تحلیلگر داده، گروه پژوهشی NBW، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده پزشکی، علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: پژوهش کیفی, سالمندی, مشکلات روانشناختی, نیازهای اجتماعی سالمندان,
چکیده مقاله :
ایـن پژوهـش بـا هـدف شناسـایی نیازهـا، مسـایٔل و مشـکلات روانشـناختی و اجتماعـی سـالمندان و اولویتبنـدی آنهـا بهمنظـور ارایٔـه پیشـنهادها بـرای پژوهشهـای مداخلـهای در آینـده انجـام شـد. روش پژوهـش از نـوع کیفـی و جامعـۀ آمـاری سـالمندان عضـو کانـون جهاندیـدگان شـهرداری شـهر تهـران بـود. 48 نفـر بـه روش نمونهبـرداری مرحلـهای انتخـاب شـدند (چهـار گـروه 12 نفـری). بـرای گـردآوری اطلاعـات از روش بحـث گروهـی متمرکـز جهـت جمـعآوری مسـایل و مشـکلات سـالمندان و از روش گـروه اسـمی بـرای اولویتبنـدی مسـایٔل و مشـکلات اسـتفاده شـد. نتایـج پژوهـش نشـان داد در نمونـۀ سـالمندان موردنظـر مقولـۀ نگرانیهـای مربـوط بـه فرزنـدان بالاتریـن اولویـت را بهدسـت آورده اسـت. سـپس مقولـۀ افـکار و خاطـرات مزاحـم دومیـن اولویـت سـالمندان و مقولـۀ اضطـراب دربـارۀ بیماریهـا و مقولـۀ مسـایٔل مالـی، اجتماعـی و جغرافیایـی اولویـت سـوم و چهـارم سـالمندان بـود. مقولـۀ تنهایـی نیـز کمتریـن اولویـت را در بیـن سـالمندان داشـت. نتایـج حاصـل در ایـن پژوهـش میتوانـد جهـت تدویـن برنامههـای مداخلـهای در راسـتای رفـع مشـکلات روانشـناختی و اجتماعـی سـالمندان توسـط درمانگـران مـورد اسـتفاده قـرار گیـرد.
This study aimed to identify the elderly’s psychological and social problems, their needs, and priorities in order to provide implications for future research and intervention. The research method is qualitative and the statistical population is all the elderly of Tehran city, who are members of the Center of Senior Citizens’Association of Tehran city. 48 people were selected by purposive sampling method (four groups of 12 people). To collect information, a focused group discussion method was used to collect issues and problems of the elderly. The nominal group method was used to prioritize issues and problems. Results of the research showed that in the sample of the elderly, the category of worries about children was given the highest priority. The category of disturbing thoughts and memories was the second priority of the elderly. The category of anxiety about diseases and the category of financial, social, and geographical issues were the third and fourth priorities. Loneliness was also the least priority among the elderly. The results of the present study can be used by therapists to develop intervention programs to address the psychological and social problems of the elderly.
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