رابطه بین خودناتوان‌سازی و حرمت خود ناپایدار: نقش واسطه‌ای ترس از ارزیابی منفی
محورهای موضوعی : روان‌شناسی بالینی
عطیه عرب محبی شهرابی
1
,
شهلا پاکدامن
2
,
محمود حیدری
3
1 - کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی عمومی
2 - استادیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
3 - دانشیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
کلید واژه: نوجوان, واژه‌های کلیدی: خودناتوان‌سازی, ناپایداری حرمت خود, ترس از ارزیابی منفی,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده این پژوهش با هدف تعیین نقش واسطه‌گری ترس از ارزیابی منفی در رابطه خودناتوان‌سازی و ناپایداری حرمت خود انجام شد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را کل دانش‌آموزان دختر پایه هشتم متوسطه (با میانگین سنی 14 سال) تشکیل می دادند که در سال تحصیلی 94-1393 مشغول به تحصیل بودند. بر اساس طرح زمینه‌یابی، نمونه‌ای متشکل از 150 دختر پایه هشتم به روش نمونه‌برداری در دسترس با استفاده از نسخه کوتاه ترس از ارزیابی منفی (FNES-B؛ لیری، 1983)، مقیاس خودناتوان‌سازی (جونز و رودولت، 1982) و مقیاس حرمت خود ناپایدار (چابرول، روسیو و کالاهان، 2006) بررسی شدند. داده‌ها با روش رگرسیون تحلیل شد و نتایج نشان داد که حرمت خود قادر به پیش بینی هر دو بعد خودناتوان‌سازی است. نتایج از نقش واسطه‌ای ترس از ارزیابی منفی در رابطه بین ابعاد خود ناتوان‌سازی و ناپایداری حرمت خود حمایت کرد. بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که ناپایداری حرمت خود تاحدودی از طریق ترس از ارزیابی منفی، بر خود ناتوان‌سازی تأثیر می گذارد. در نتیجه با تمرکز بر الگوی نظری و پرداختن به ترس از ارزیابی منفی می‌توان موجب ارتقای پایداری حرمت خود در نوجوانان شود.
This study aimed to examine the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation in the relationship between self-handicapping and instability of self-esteem. The sample consisted of 150 eighth grade girl students (mean age=14years) in 2015-2016 academic year. The participants completed the short version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNES-B; Leary, 1983), the Self-Handicapping Scale (Jones & Rvdvlt, 1982) and the Unstable Self-esteem Scale (Chabrol, Rocio, & Callahan, 2006). The data were analyzed using regression method. The results indicated that self-esteem could predict both aspects of self-handicapping. The results supported the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation in the relationship between self-handicapping and self-esteem instability. The findings suggested that the unstable self-esteem, partly had an effect on self-handicapping through fear of negative evaluations. As a result, stability of self-esteem can be enhanced by addressing the fear of negative evaluation in adolescents.
آزادی، ا.، فتحآبادی، ج. و حیدری، م. (1392). رابطه عزت نفس ناپایدار و ترس از ارزیابی منفی با خود ناتوان‌سازی در نوجوانان دانش‌آموز تهرانی. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، 29 (9)، 46-23.
پاکدامن، ش. و مرتضوی‌نصیری، ف. س. (1393). سبک‌های فرزندپروری ادراک‌شده و ترس از ارزشیابی منفی: مقایسه دختران نوجوان تیزهوش و عادی. روان‌شناسی تحولی: روانشناسان ایرانی، 10(39)، 262-249.
حیدری، م. (1389). بررسی جایگاه خودناتوان‌سازی در مدل ساختاری پیش‌بینی موفقیت تحصیلی. رساله دکتری، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران.
حیدری، م.، دهقانی، م. و خداپناهی، م. ک. (1388). بررسی تأثیر شیوه فرزندپروری ادراک‌شده و جنس بر خودناتوان‌سازی. فصلنامه خانواده‌پژوهی، 18(5)، 137-125.
شکری، آ.، گراوند، ف.، نقش، ز.، علی‌ترخان، ر. و پاییزی، م. (1387). ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی فرم کوتاه مقیاس ترس از ارزیابی منفی. مجله روان‌پزشکی و روان‌شناسی بالینی ایران،14 (3) ، 325-316.
شمسی، گ. (1392). بررسی اثربخشی گروه و خلق‌وخو بر خودناتوان‌سازی دانش‌آموزان. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران.
فراهانی، ح. و عریضی، ح. (1384). روش‌های تحقیق پیشرفته در علوم انسانی. اصفهان: جهاد دانشگاهی.
مهبد، م، و شیخ الاسلامی، ر. (1394). خودناتوان‌سازی براساس فرایندهای خانواده: اثر واسطه‌ای خودکارآمدی تحصیلی. روان‌شناسی تحولی: روانشناسان ایرانی، 11(44)، 404-391.
Akin, A. (2012). Self-handicapping scale: A study of validity and reliability. Egitim ve Bilim, 37(164), 177-188.
Alesi, M., Rappo, G., & Pepi, A. (2012). Self-esteem at school and self-handicapping in childhood: comparison of groups with learning disabilities. Psychological Reports, 111(3), 952- 962 .
Bartels, J. M., & Herman, W. E. (2011). Fear of Failure, Self-Handicapping, and Negative Emotions in Response to Failure. Online Submission.
Berglas, S., & Jones, E. E. (1978). Drug choice as a self-handicapping strategy in response to non-contingent success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 405-417.
Brook, C. A., & Willoughby, T. (2015). The social ties that bind: social anxiety and academic achievement across the university years. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(5), 1139-1152.
Brown, C. M., Park, S. W., & Folger, S. F. (2012). Growth motivation as a moderator of behavioral self-handicapping in women. The Journal of Social Psychology, 152(2), 136-146.
Burroughs, E. (2012). The astrobiology project: Effects on students’science aspirations and achievement, and an analysis of self-handi-capping behavior. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Maine.
Chabrol, H., Rousseau, A., & Callahan, S. (2006). Preliminary results of a scale assessing instability of self-esteem. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 38 (2), 136-141.
Chandrashekarappa, S. M., Ramakrishnaiah, N. M. M., Ram, D., & Manjunath, R. (2016). Mental health among adolescent girls–An effort to know the asso-ciation of mental disorders with socio-demographic variables. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 5(11), 2305-2311.
Chen, L. H., Wu, C. H., Kee, Y. H., Lin, M. S., & Shui, S. H. (2011). Fear of failure, 2 x 2 achievement goal and self-handicapping: An examination of hierarchical model of achievement motivation in physical education. Contemporary Educational Psychology.
Cheng, G., Zhang, D., & Ding, F. (2015). Self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation as mediators between family socioeconomic status and social anxiety in Chinese emerging adults. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 61(6), 569-576.
Collins, K. A., Westra, H. A., Dozois, D. J., & Stewart, S. H. (2005). The validity of the brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19(3), 345-359.
Coudevylle, G. R., Gernigon, C., & MartinGinis, K. A. (2011). Self-esteem, self-confidence, anxiety and claimed self-handicapping: A mediational analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(6), 670-675.
Cribb, V. L., & Haase, A. M. (2016). Girls feeling good at school: School gender environment, interna-lization and awareness of socio-cultural attitudes associations with self-esteem in adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescence, 46, 107-114.
De Castella, K., Byrne, D., & Covington, M. (2013). Unmotivated or motivated to fail? A cross-cultural study of achievement motivation, fear of failure, and student disengagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3), 861-880.
Del Mar Ferradás, M., Freire, C., Valle, A., & Núñez, J. C. (2016). Academic Goals and Self-Handicapping Strategies in University Students. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 19(24), 1-9.
Del Mar Ferradás, M., Freire, C., Valle, A., Núñez, J. C., Regueiro, B., & Vallejo, G. (2016). The relation-ship between self-esteem and self-worth protection strategies in university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 236-241.
Elliot, A. J., & Thrash, T. M. (2004). The inter-generational transmission of fear of failure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30 (8), 957-971.
Hirt, E. R., Deppe, R. K., & Gordon, L. J. (1991). Self-reported versus behavioral self-handi-capping: Empirical evidence for a theoretical distinction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(6), 981-991.
Hirt, E. R., McCrea, S. M., & Kimble, C. E. (2000). Public self-focus and sex differences in behavioral self-handicapping: Does increasing self-threat still make it “just a man’s game?”. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26 (9), 1131-1141.
Jain, M., & Sudhir, P. M. (2010). Dimensions of perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presen-tation in social phobia. Asian journal of Psychiatry, 3 (4), 216-221.
Kernis, M. H. (1993). The roles of stability and level of self-esteem in psychological functioning. In Self-esteem (pp. 167-182). Springer US.
Kernis, M. H., Lakey, C. E., & Heppner, W. L. (2008). Secure versus fragile high selfesteem as a predictor of verbal defensiveness: Converging findings across three different markers. Journal of Personality, 76, 477– 512.
Kimble, C. E., & Hirt, E. R. (2005). Self-focus, gender, and habitual self-handicapping: Do they make a difference in behavioral self-handi-capping?. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 33(1), 43-56.
Koinis, N. C. (2009). Self –esteem level, self esteem stability, and procrastination: predictors of Academic Achievment in first year medical students. Doctoral Dissertation of Philosophy in Psychology, Fieldin Graduate University.
Koydemir-Özden, S., & Demir, A. (2009). The relationship between perceived parental attitudes and shyness among Turkish youth: Fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem as mediators. Current Psychology, 28(3), 169-180.
Kronholm, E., Puusniekka, R., Jokela, J., Villberg, J., Urrila, A. S., Paunio, T., & Tynjälä, J. (2015). Trends in self‐reported sleep problems, tiredness and related school performance among Finnish adolescents from 1984 to 2011. Journal of sleep research, 24(1), 3-10.
Leary, M. R., & Shepperd, J. A. (1986). Behavioral self-handicaps versus self- reported handicaps: A conceptual note. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1265-1268.
Lupien, S. P., Seery, M. D., & Almonte, J. L. (2010). Discrepant and congruent high self-esteem: Behavioral self-handicapping as a preemptive defensive strategy. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(6), 1105-1108.
Martin, K. A., & Brawley, L. R. (2002). Self-handicapping in physical achievement settings: the contributions of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Self and Identity, 1, 337-351.
McCrea, S. M., Hirt, E. R., & Milner, B. J. (2008). She works hard for the money: Valuing effort underlies gender differences in behavioral self-handicapping. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(2), 292-311.
Menatti, A. R., DeBoer, L. B. H., Weeks, J. W., & Heimberg, R. G. (2015). Social anxiety and associations with eating psychopathology: Mediating effects of fears of evaluation. Body Image, 14, 20-28.
Midgley, C., & Urdan, T. (2001). Academic self-handicapping and achievement goals: A further examination. Contemporary Educational Psy-chology, 26(1), 61-75.
Myers, E. M., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2008). No shades of gray: Splitting and self- esteem instability. Per-sonality and Individual Differences, 45, 139-145.
Newman, L. S., & Wadas, R. F. (1997). When stakes are higher: Self- esteem instability and self-handicapping. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 51(4), 858-873.
Niiya, Y., Brook, A. T., & Crocker, J. (2010). Contingent self-worth and self-handicapping: Do incremental theorists protect self-esteem? Self and Identity, 9(3), 276-297.
Prapavessis, H., & Grove, J. R. (1998). Self-handi-capping and self-esteem. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10(2), 175-184.
Rapee, R. M., & Heimbrg, R. G. (1997). A Cognitive Behavioral Model of Anxiety in Social Phobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 741-756.
Rhodewalt, F., & Hill, S. K. (1995). Self-handicapping in the classroom: The effects of claimed self-handicaps on responses to academic failure. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 16(4), 397-416
Rodebaugh, T. L., Woods, C. M., Thissen, D. M., Heimberg, R. G., Chambless, D. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2004). More information from fewer questions: the factor structure and item properties of the original and brief fear of negative evaluation scale. Psychological Assessment, 16(2), 169-181.
Romeo, R. D. (2013). The teenage brain: The stress response and the adolescent brain. Current Direc-tions in Psychological Science, 22(2), 140-145.
Schwinger, M., Wirthwein, L., Lemmer, G., & Steinmayr, R. (2014). Academic Self-Handicapping and Achievement: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106 (30), 744-761.
Shumaker, E. A., & Rodebaugh, Th. L. (2009). Perfectionism and social anxiety: Rethinking the role of high standards. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40(3), 423-433.
Snyder, C. R., & Higgins, R. L. (1988). Excuses: their effective role in the negotiation of reality. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 23-35.
Snyder, K. E., Malin, J. L., Dent, A. L., & Linnenbrink-Garcia, L. (2014). The message matters: The role of implicit beliefs about gifted-ness and failure experiences in academic self-handicapping. Journal of Educational Psycho-logy, 106(1), 230-241.
Stewart, M. A., & De George-Walker, L. (2014). Self-handicapping, perfectionism, locus of control and self-efficacy: A path model. Personality and Individual Differences, 66, 160-164.
Sultan, S., & Kanwal, F. (2014). Gender Differences in Self-handicapping: The Role of Self-esteem and Fear of Negative Evaluation. Journal of Gender & Social Issues, 13(1), 45-56.
Tandler, S., Schwinger, M., Kaminski, K., & Stiensmeier-Pelster, J. (2014). Self-affirmation buffers claimed self-handicapping? A test of contextual and individual moderators. Psychology, 5, 321-327.
Tice, D. M. (1991). Esteem protection or enhancement? Self-handicapping motives and attributions differ by trait self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(5), 711-725.
Török, L., Szabó, Z. P., & Boda-Ujlaky, J. (2014). Self-esteem, self-conscious emotions, resilience, trait anxiety and their relation to self-handi-capping tendencies. Review of Psychology, 21(2), 123-130.
Van Stralen, M. (2015). Fear of Failure and Self-Handicapping Behaviours in Tennis: Should All Junior Players Learn to “Tank”? Retrieved 5 May, from www. stms-web. org, 72.
Wach, F. S., Spengler, M., Gottschling, J., & Spinath, F. M. (2015). Sex differences in secondary school achievement–The contribution of self-perceived abilities and fear of failure. Learning and Instruction, 36, 104-112.
Waschull, S. B., & Kernis, M. H. (1996). Level and stability of self-esteem as predictors of children's intrinsic motivation and reasons for anger. Perso-nality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(1), 4-13.
Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting
and Clinical Psychology, 33(4), 448.
Wusik, M. F., & Axsom, D. (2016). Socially Positive Behaviors as Self-Handicapping. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 35(6), 494.
Yavuzera, Y. (2015). Investigating the Relationship between Self-Handicapping Tendencies, Self-Esteem and Cognitive Distortions. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 4, 879-890.
Zeigler-Hill, V., & Showers, C. J. (2007). Self-structure and selfesteem stability: The hidden vulnerability of compartmentalization. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 143-159.
/
_||_