List of Articles

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  1 - Improvement of alizarin production by different biotic elicitors in Rubiatinctorum by elicitation-infiltration method
  سونا اعیادی طیبه سلیمانی
  Background & Aim: Rubiatinctorum is one of the most well-known medicinal plants whose alizarin and other anthraquinones which are outstanding color agents with some trace of pharmaceutical properties are isolated from it. The objective of this study was to optimize More

  Background & Aim: Rubiatinctorum is one of the most well-known medicinal plants whose alizarin and other anthraquinones which are outstanding color agents with some trace of pharmaceutical properties are isolated from it. The objective of this study was to optimize alizarin production in intact plant of R.tinctorum by induction with biotic elicitors. Experimental: To increase the synthesis of alizarin, bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and fungal (Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus fumigatus) elicitors were injected to the intact plants directly by fine needles, named elicitation-infiltration method. Then samples were analyzed through standard addition method by UV-visible spectroscopy. Results: Staphyloccus aureus (1McFarland) was the most effective one on biomass accumulation. Furthermore, among fungal elicitors Aspergillusfumigatus (0.4 mg total sugar/mL) revealed the most significant help for biomass increase. Applying bacterial elicitors imposed a dramatic increase in alizarin yield in all concentrations. The most marked increase (5 fold) was for 0.5 McFarland of Bacillus cereus. In addition, Fusarium oxysporum indicated outstanding results for alizarin production’s enhancement. Recommended applications/industries: To the author’s knowledge, the application of elicitation-infiltration method for increasing the alizarin production is studied for the first time and according to the reported results, it can be a useful method for more investigations about improvement of secondary metabolites production in other plants. Manuscript profile
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  2 - The ethnopharmacological review of medicinal plants in uses hypertension treatment in Iranian complementary medicine
  حمیدرضا اردلانی
  Background & Aim: One of the most common diseases in the world, especially among Iranian people, is high blood pressure which can cause many cardiovascular disorders such as heart attack. The disease is often associated with other diseases such as diabetes and hyper More

  Background & Aim: One of the most common diseases in the world, especially among Iranian people, is high blood pressure which can cause many cardiovascular disorders such as heart attack. The disease is often associated with other diseases such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Methyldopa and captopril are the most common drugs among several medications used to control blood pressure in Iran. Nowadays, herbal medicines are very prevalent because medicinal plants have least of the side effects. Various herbals are used in the Iranian traditional medicine to improve hypertension, but among them, barberry, olive leaf, garlic, celery, sumac and hibiscus are the most prevalent. Experimental: In this paper, the most herbs in uses in treatment of hypertension were studied and these effects of natural products on these plants were clarified. Results & Discussion: The results indicate that these plants and their phenolic compounds can be used as an alternative or supplement to chemical medicines used to control blood pressure. Industrial and practical recommendations: There is suggestion for pharmaceuticals and food industrials to use of these herbs for improve new methodology in herbal drugs production. Manuscript profile
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  3 - The comparison of antibacterial effect of Schrophularia striata Boiss. and Stachys schtschegleevii Sosn. extracts on pathogens isolated from urinary tract infections
  سمیه اعظمی بیژن فهیمی مهدی باقری شبنم محسن زاده
  Background & Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of Schrophularia striata Boiss. andStachys schtschegleevii Sosn. Extracts against seven clinical isolates. The test isolates were Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus More

  Background & Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of Schrophularia striata Boiss. andStachys schtschegleevii Sosn. Extracts against seven clinical isolates. The test isolates were Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter dissolvens. E. coli (ATCC 25922) and S.aureus (ATCC 29213) were used as quality control strains. Experimental: Clinical isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods.The methanol extracts from the aerial parts of these plants were assessed using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Considering the wide application of ciprofloxacin in treatment of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), susceptibility test was performed towards antibiotic. Results & Discussion: The methanol extracts of Schrophularia striata and Stachys schtschegleevii exhibit both high bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities. The Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentration (MIC and MBC) values of Schrophularia striata extract ranged between 0.39-12.5 mg/ml and 0.78-25 mg/ml, respectively. The extract of Stachys schtschegleevii was effective in MIC and MBC ranges of 1.56-12.5 mg/ml and 3.12-50 mg/ml, respectively. On comparing the efficiency of the two extracts, Stachys schtschegleevii extract exhibited the highest activity against gram-negative bacteria, whereas, the extract of Schrophularia striata inhibited the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus spp. Industrial and practical recommendations: On considering antibacterial activity of both the extracts, these herbal extracts may treat urinary tract infections caused by some of the test isolates. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Ethnomedicinal plants of Farouj district, North Khorasan province, Iran
  آتنا اسلامی فروجی حامد خدایاری
  Background & Aim: Medicinal plants are one of the most valuable resources in Iran, having a scientific knowledge and proper use; they can play an important role in community health. Some of the significant aims of ethnobotany project are to indicate the most common More

  Background & Aim: Medicinal plants are one of the most valuable resources in Iran, having a scientific knowledge and proper use; they can play an important role in community health. Some of the significant aims of ethnobotany project are to indicate the most common medicinal species, finding out the exact application of the plant species from various population of the area, and proving the knowledge of ethnobotany among human beings. Experimental: To achieve these goals, the project has been conducted in Farouj, North Khorasan province, Iran in 2014-2015. To acquire ethnobotanical data of the studied area, several steps were taken such as the accumulation of plants, interviews with native people, and distribution of the questionnaires. Some important indices such as the relative frequency of citation (RFC), informant agreement ratio (IAR), and cultural important index (CI) were estimated. Furthermore, a traditional null hypothesis testing was adopted. Results & Discussion: A total of 91 taxa belonging to 29 families were identified, 73 of which are grown naturally in the studied area. Asteraceae and Brassicaceae were the most detected families with 16 and 9 genera, respectively. Other diseases and digestive ones are the most curable ailments in Farouj County. Most of the parts of the plants that were collected consist of leaves (22%), whole plants (18%) and seeds (14%), orderly. Vitis vinifera L. has the maximum relative frequency of citation and cultural importance indices. Farouj area has a great potential in the growing of pharmaceutical plants. This research has been done for the first time in this area. Industrial and practical recommendations: Plant extracts can be used as cure for many diseases and some extracts might have new beneficial effects on illness. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Investigating effect of chamomile hydroalcoholic extract on movement disorders in the animal model of Parkinson's disease
  شهربانو عالمی رستمی مریم رفیعی راد
  Background & Aim:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a kind of disorder in the nervous system, which is characterized with multiple movement disorders. Factors such as oxidative stress are the most important causes for the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substan More

  Background & Aim:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a kind of disorder in the nervous system, which is characterized with multiple movement disorders. Factors such as oxidative stress are the most important causes for the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and occurrence of Parkinson's disease. Thus, medications that have antioxidant functions could be an interesting target for treating the movement disorders caused by Parkinson's disease. Chamomile is the natural source of antioxidants. Experimental: In this study, 50 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and Parkinson's groups with 10 rats along with 3 Parkinson's groups, which received chamomile extract by gastric gavage method and doses of 5, 10, and 50 mg/kg once per day for 14 days. Also, 8 μg of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) neurotoxin in 2 μl saline containing 1% ascorbic acid was injected into medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of the left hemisphere of the brain of the rats to induce Parkinson's disease. Results were presented as mean ± SD, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's post-hoc test. Results:Following subcutaneous injection 2.5 mg/kg apomorphine 14 days after injury with 6-OHDA in MFB of left brain, animals were rotated 360 degrees to the right by 10 Recommended applications/industries: Probably because of its strong antioxidant effect and interference with the activity of movement pathway receptors, chamomile extract can be used to improve and reduce the movement disorders of Parkinson's disease in addition to pharmacotherapy. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Assessment of secondary metabolites: in vitro antiarthritic and antihemolytic potential of various extracts of garlic
  سونیا جهری نصیر خان ساریتا تیواری لاویه شاکیاوار
  Background & Aim:Allium sativum commonly known as garlic is an herb used over years to prevent from various ailments such as cardiovascular diseases, cognitive disorders and also enhances the immune system. The aim of the present study is to study the in vitro antia More

  Background & Aim:Allium sativum commonly known as garlic is an herb used over years to prevent from various ailments such as cardiovascular diseases, cognitive disorders and also enhances the immune system. The aim of the present study is to study the in vitro antiarthritic and antihemolytic potential of garlic in aqueous and methanolic extracts. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to study the presence of functional groups. Experimental: The study involved detection of primary and secondary metabolites in allium sativum i.e garlic. In vitro antiarthritic and heat induced haemolytic assaywas evaluated so that it could be used against haemolytic diseases such as malaria, swine flu etc. FTIR spectra were performed to detect the presence of functional groups. Results: Natural products due to their immense bioactivity, finds applications against various diseases without having side effects. Recommended applications/industrie: This herb is very easily accessible and is edible it can be used as a pharmaceutical agent. Bioactive constituents can be isolated and explored for further activity. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Effects of different sources of nitrogen fertilizer and applied rates on essential oil content and composition of peppermints
  عادل پشت دار علیرضا ابدالی مشهدی فواد مرادی سید عطا صیادت عبدالمهدی بخشنده
  Background & Aim:Peppermint known for its healing properties is a plant from the Labiatae family. Currently, different rates of nitrogenous fertilizers are used in production of peppermint while there is no precise information available about how much of nitrogen fe More

  Background & Aim:Peppermint known for its healing properties is a plant from the Labiatae family. Currently, different rates of nitrogenous fertilizers are used in production of peppermint while there is no precise information available about how much of nitrogen fertilizer is the optimum rate for this plant. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the response of peppermint chemical composition to different nitrogen rates and type of nutrition strategy (with control and conventional chemical sources). Experimental: Samples collected from different mint nutrition strategy [conventional: four nitrogen levels from three fertilizers source (UAN, urea and ammonium sulfate), and control (no added fertilizer) in the Khouzestan province at the southwest of Iran. Results: Nitrogen supply led to increase of fresh and dry yield of peppermint. Maximum essential oil obtained from 210 kgN/ha of nitrogen fertilizer in UAN which showed the best results compared to urea, ammonium sulfate and control. The GC/MS data showed that the qualitative of the components appeared to be not constant in different nutrient strategy. Moreover, remarkable variations were found in the amounts of the major of essential oil constituents. A total thirty-five components, comprising 98.87, 97.62, 98.09 and 97.98% of the obtained total essential oils were characterized in control, UAN, urea and ammonium sulfate samples, respectively. Also Menthol (41.22, 33.7, 30.62 and 33.23%), menthone (16.32, 26.25, 27.33 and 26.7 %), menthofuran (4.09, 4.74, 5.81 and 5.14 %) and isomenthone (6.47, 7.48, 7.26 and 7.43%) were the main components of peppermint oil. Recommended applications/industrie: Since, essential oil of peppermint, particularly menthol component, has many application in pharmaceutical and perfumery industry due to antiviral, antibacterial and antispasmodic activity, UAN fertilizers is recommended to be used in addition to control in view of the increasing in quality and quantity of essential oil. Manuscript profile
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  8 - The Beneficial Effect of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Punica Granatum L. Leaves & Flower on Ethylene Glycol-Induced Kidney Calculi in Rats
  شهرام پرارین لیلا روحی عبداله قاسمی پیربلوطی
  Background & Aim:Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) is a widely used plant that has high nutritional value .This study evaluated prevention effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Punica granatum flower and leaves ethylene glycol-induced Nephrolithiasis in Wistar rats. More

  Background & Aim:Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) is a widely used plant that has high nutritional value .This study evaluated prevention effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Punica granatum flower and leaves ethylene glycol-induced Nephrolithiasis in Wistar rats. Experimental: 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. Group I served as positive control and received distilled water for 28 days. Group II to IV received 1% (V/V) ethylene glycol (EG) in distilled water for 28 days. Group II served as EG or negative control. Group III and IV (preventive groups) received hydroalceholic extract of Punica granatum flower asand leaves orally for 28 days in dose of 400 mg/kg respectively. 24-hour urine samples were collected on day 0 and 28. Urine volume and urine oxalate levels were measured. On day 28, blood was collected for biochemical parameters (craetinine, urea and uric acid). Animals were sacrificed and kidneys were harvested, histopathologically evaluated for calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. Results: EG significantly increased urine oxalate and calcium, serum creatinine, urea and uric acid levels. It also significantly decreased urine citrate level in group III and IV resulted in significantly lower levels of urine oxalate and serum creatinine, urea and uric acid as compared to Group II (P < 0.001). Recommended applications/industrie: Hydro alcoholic extracts of Punica granatum flowers and leaves are effective in prevention of EG- induced nephrolithiasis in Wistar rats. Manuscript profile