بررسی اثر فرآیند تصفیه بر ترکیبات استرولی روغنهای زیتون تولید شده در صنایع روغن ایران
محورهای موضوعی : میکروبیولوژی مواد غذاییمهدیه آزاده رنجبر 1 , عبداله قوامی 2
1 - دانش آموخته ی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده ی کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار دانشگاه متروپولیتن، لندن، انگلستان
کلید واژه: استرول ها, ترکیب اسیدهای چرب, روغن زیتون, فرایند تصفیه,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: روغن زیتون یکی از محبوبترین روغنها میباشد که با توجه به ترکیبات زیست فعال آن بعنوان روغن سالم مطرح است. پژوهش حاضر اثر فرآیند تصفیه بر استرولهای روغنهای زیتون مختلف تولید شده در صنایع روغن ایران را بررسی مینماید. مواد و روشها: نمونههای روغن زیتون قبل و بعد از تصفیه از سه برند مختلف روغن زیتون تهیه گردید. آزمونهای ترکیب اسیدهای چرب، عدد یدی، عدد صابونی، ترکیبات غیرصابونی، تعیین زمان پایداری روغن در برابر اکسیداسیون و شناسایی استرولها و تغییرات کمی آنها طی فرایند بر روی آنها انجام شد و نتایج با نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 22 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یافتهها: یافتههای این پژوهش نشان داد که تصفیه روغن زیتون در هر سه نمونه باعث تغییرات در پروفایل اسیدهای چرب نمونهها گردید. همچنین در نمونههای تصفیه شده افزایش معنیداری (p≤0.05) در اندیس یدی و اندیس صابونی (mg KOH/g)، ترکیبات غیرصابونی (درصد وزنی) نسبت به نمونه روغن زیتون تصفیه نشده دیده میشود. همچنین کاهش معنیداری (p≤0.05) در زمان پایداری روغن در برابر اکسیداسیون و درصد ترکیبات استرولی و استرول تام (ppm) نسبت به نمونه روغن زیتون تصفیه نشده به دست آمد. نتیجهگیری: نتایج این پژوهش تایید میکند که تصفیه روغن زیتون میتواند تاثیر قابل ملاحظه ای بر روغن زیتون و ترکیبات زیست فعال آن از جمله استرولها داشته باشد.
Introduction: Olive oil due to the unique characteristics being monounsaturated, resistant to oxidation, having considerable quantities of phenolic compounds namely α-tocopherol, being liquid at room temperature with excellent taste and aroma might be regarded as a healthy oil. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of refining operation on the sterol content of olive oil in Iran's oil industry. Materials and Methods: Samples were prepared before and after refining from three brands of olive oil production industries. Each sample was subjected to determination of iodine, saponification values and isolation of non saponifiable mater. The samples were also subjected to fatty acid and sterol analyses and compositions according to the standard methods defined nationally. Results: The results of this study indicated that small changes in fatty acid composition and values related to fatty acids have occurred. The study also indicated that the sterols have been affected by refining operations and has been lost and collected mainly in the distillate. Conclusion: The results of this study confirms that olive oil refining affects the quantities of sterols and these compounds with others namely tocopherols are collected in the distillate. Therefore distillate collected after deodorization of olive oil might be considered as a valuable fraction to be used in industries.
Casal, S., Malheiro, R., Sendas, A., Oliveira, B. P. P. & Pereira, J. A. (2010). Olive oil stability under deep-frying conditions. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 2972–2979.
Cho, E., Hung, S., Willett, W. C., Spiegelman, D., Rimm, E. B. & Seddon, J. M. (2001). Prospective study of dietary fat and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 73(2), 209-218.
Ghavami, M., Gharachorloo, M. & Ghiassi, B. (2009). Laboratory Techniques- oils and fats. Islamic Zad University Publication
Didi, M. A. & Makhoukhi, B. (2007). Colza oil bleaching through optimized acid activation of bentonite. A comparative study. Applied Clay Science, 20-28.
Harwood, J. & Aparicio Ruiz, R. (2013). Hand book of olive oil. Maryland: Springer Science & Business Media
Lukić, M., Lukić, I., Krapac, M., Sladonja, B. & Piližota, V. (2013). Sterols and triterpene diols in olive oil as indicators of variety and degree of ripening. Food Chemistry, 136(1), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.005.
Mirrezaie Roodaki, M. S., Sahari, M. A., Ghiassi Tarzi, B., Barzegar, M. Gharachorloo, M. Safafar, H. Bolandnazar, S. (2011). Moisture and oil contents of two olive varieties (Bladi and Arbequina), National Symposium of Olive (Olive & Community Health); 198-202.
Moulodi, F., Qajarbeigi, P., Hajhoseini, A. & Mohamadporasl, A. (2014). Assessment of the chemicals and oxidative properties of imported extra virgin olive oils. Journal of Food Technoogy and Nutrition, 12(4), 27-34. [Persian].
Owen, R., WHaubner, R., Wurtele, G., Hull, E., Spiegelhalder, B. & Bartsch, H. (2004). Olives and olive oil in cancer prevention. Europ,ean Journal of Cancer Prevention,13(4), 319-326.
Pinelli, P., Galardi, C., Mulinacci, N., Vincieri, F. F. & Cimato, A. (2003) AMivor polar compound and fatty acid analyses in monocultivar virgin olive oils from Tuscany. Food Chemistry, 80, 331-336.
Sabir, S. M., Hayat, I. & Gardezi, S. D. A. (2003). Estimation of sterols in edible fats and oils. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2, 178-181.
Shahidi, F. (2005). Baile´s industrial oil and fat products.6nd ed. Newfounland: Wiley Interscience.
Silva, L., Pinto, J., Carrola, J. & Paiva- Martins, F. (2010). Oxidative stability of olive oil after food processing and comparison with other vegetable oils. Food Chemistry, 121, 1177–1187.
Sisakhtnezhad, S., Sheikhol-Islami, A., Kiani, A. & Mohammadi, B., Darzi-Ramandi, M., Parvin, N. & Bahrami, G. (2008). Evaluation of the stability of fatty acid content of natural lipid and frying oils available on the Iranian market during frying, Journal of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 12(4), 343-357.
Wei, J. H., Yin, X. & Welander, P. V. (2016). Sterol Synthesis in Diverse Bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00990.
Casal, S., Malheiro, R., Sendas, A., Oliveira, B. P. P. & Pereira, J. A. (2010). Olive oil stability under deep-frying conditions. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 2972–2979.
Cho, E., Hung, S., Willett, W. C., Spiegelman, D., Rimm, E. B. & Seddon, J. M. (2001). Prospective study of dietary fat and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 73(2), 209-218.
Ghavami, M., Gharachorloo, M. & Ghiassi, B. (2009). Laboratory Techniques- oils and fats. Islamic Zad University Publication
Didi, M. A. & Makhoukhi, B. (2007). Colza oil bleaching through optimized acid activation of bentonite. A comparative study. Applied Clay Science, 20-28.
Harwood, J. & Aparicio Ruiz, R. (2013). Hand book of olive oil. Maryland: Springer Science & Business Media
Lukić, M., Lukić, I., Krapac, M., Sladonja, B. & Piližota, V. (2013). Sterols and triterpene diols in olive oil as indicators of variety and degree of ripening. Food Chemistry, 136(1), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.005.
Mirrezaie Roodaki, M. S., Sahari, M. A., Ghiassi Tarzi, B., Barzegar, M. Gharachorloo, M. Safafar, H. Bolandnazar, S. (2011). Moisture and oil contents of two olive varieties (Bladi and Arbequina), National Symposium of Olive (Olive & Community Health); 198-202.
Moulodi, F., Qajarbeigi, P., Hajhoseini, A. & Mohamadporasl, A. (2014). Assessment of the chemicals and oxidative properties of imported extra virgin olive oils. Journal of Food Technoogy and Nutrition, 12(4), 27-34. [Persian].
Owen, R., WHaubner, R., Wurtele, G., Hull, E., Spiegelhalder, B. & Bartsch, H. (2004). Olives and olive oil in cancer prevention. Europ,ean Journal of Cancer Prevention,13(4), 319-326.
Pinelli, P., Galardi, C., Mulinacci, N., Vincieri, F. F. & Cimato, A. (2003) AMivor polar compound and fatty acid analyses in monocultivar virgin olive oils from Tuscany. Food Chemistry, 80, 331-336.
Sabir, S. M., Hayat, I. & Gardezi, S. D. A. (2003). Estimation of sterols in edible fats and oils. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2, 178-181.
Shahidi, F. (2005). Baile´s industrial oil and fat products.6nd ed. Newfounland: Wiley Interscience.
Silva, L., Pinto, J., Carrola, J. & Paiva- Martins, F. (2010). Oxidative stability of olive oil after food processing and comparison with other vegetable oils. Food Chemistry, 121, 1177–1187.
Sisakhtnezhad, S., Sheikhol-Islami, A., Kiani, A. & Mohammadi, B., Darzi-Ramandi, M., Parvin, N. & Bahrami, G. (2008). Evaluation of the stability of fatty acid content of natural lipid and frying oils available on the Iranian market during frying, Journal of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 12(4), 343-357.
Wei, J. H., Yin, X. & Welander, P. V. (2016). Sterol Synthesis in Diverse Bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00990.