مروری بر جایگاه فیبر در تغذیه، سلامت و کاربرد و روش‌های اصلاح آن در صنایع غذایی
محورهای موضوعی : تغذیه
مروا حسینی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد ورامین پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
پیمان رجایی
2
(استادیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد ورامین پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: پری‌بیوتیک, دیابت, فیبر رژیمی, کاهش سرطان, کربوهیدرات,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه اثرات سلامت بخش فیبر رژیمی بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. فیبر رژیمی در مواد غذایی مانند میوه‌ها، سبزیجات و غلات وجود دارند و دارای کالری و چربی کمی هستند. فیبر کربوهیدراتی است که در بدن قابل تجزیه نیست و در دستگاه گوارش توسط آنزیمها هضم نمی‌گردد. فیبرها شامل سلولز، همی‌سلولز، صمغ، مواد پکتیک و لیگنین هستند که به علت ظرفیت جذب گلوکز، ظرفیت جذب کلسترول، ظرفیت نگهداری روغن و کالری بسیار کم در کاهش و درمان بیماری‌هایی مانند چاقی، دیابت، انواع سرطان‌ها، بیماریهای روده‌ای و بیماریهای قلبی عروقی موثر هستند. بسیاری از ضایعات صنایع غذایی مانند تفاله میوه‌ها، هسته خرما و سبوس غلات منابع مهم فیبر رژیمی میباشند که میتوان از آن‌ها به عنوان پری‌بیوتیک برای رشد و تکثیر باکتری‌های مفید روده استفاده نمود. فیبرها بر اساس خصوصیات فیزیکی به دو دسته محلول و نامحلول در آب تقسیم می‌گرددند. فیبرهای نامحلول به علت طعم نامطلوب و عملکرد ضعیف مورد استفاده قرار نمی‌گیرند که به وسیله روش‌هایی مانند اصلاح فیزیکی، شیمیایی، آنزیمی و ترکیبی به فیبر محلول تبدیل می‌شوند. به دلیل هزینه پایین، زمان کوتاه، عملیات ساده و بدون تولید زباله سمی روش فیزیکی بیشترین کاربرد را دارد. در این مقاله به بررسی انواع فیبر، خواص درمانی و روش‌های اصلاح آن پرداخته شده است.
Nowadays, the health effects of dietary fiber are very much considered. Dietary fiber is found in foods such as fruits, vegetables, and grains and is low in calories and fat. Fiber is a carbohydrate that cannot be broken down in the body and is not digested by enzymes in the digestive system. Fibers include cellulose, hemicellulose, gum, pectic substances, and lignin, which due to their glucose absorption capacity, cholesterol absorption capacity, oil storage capacity, and very low calories are used to reduce and treat diseases such as obesity, diabetes, various cancers, intestinal diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. They're effective. Many food industry wastes such as fruit pomace, date kernels and cereal bran are important sources of dietary fiber that can be used as prebiotics for the growth and proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria. Based on physical properties, fibers are divided into two categories, soluble and insoluble in water. Insoluble fibers are not used due to their unpleasant taste and poor performance, which are converted into soluble fiber by methods such as physical, chemical, enzymatic and combined modification. Due to low cost, short time, simple operation and no production of toxic waste, the physical method is the most widely used. In this article, the types of fiber, their therapeutic properties, and their modification methods have been investigated.
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