The Age of Enlightenment and Decline of Neo-Classicism in Europe
DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.37.11.9

Subject Areas :

Alireza Salehi ¹ ( South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran )

Received: 2021-01-21 Accepted : 2021-04-05 Published : 2021-10-01

Keywords: Literature, romanticism, Art, Social, enlightenment, Neo-Classicism,

Abstract :

The age of enlightenment is a turning point in the movements of Neo-Classicism toward Romanticism. This period emerges after preparing the ground for the decline of neoclassicism in the first half of the eighteenth century in the areas of art, literature, etc. in Europe. It is considered as the beginning of a period of art and literature consisting of artistic creativity and intuitive perception. Three main principles of "unity of time", "unity of place", and "unity of subject" based on which the classical literature was founded become subject to change and transformation. England, Germany, and France were the primary manifestation points of this movement in European literature. Although the role of the literature of ancient east in the foundations of the characteristics of "Romanticism" and pre-romanticism cannot be overlooked, the social grounds of the emergence of this age can be summarized in the longings for change of society, getting tired of old criteria in the fields of art and literature, tendency toward platonic thoughts, and escape from modernity and inclination toward logical thoughts in the works of "Kant" and "Rousseau".

References:

Ashrafzade, R. (Romanticism, its principles and influences in Iran contemporary poetry. Mashhadfaculty of literature and humanities journal, volume 1 and 2, 35^th year, spring and summer 1381.

Bigdelo, Reza. archialogy in contemporary history of Iran. Markaz publication. Tehran. first edition, 1380.

Travic Bokner, the history of world literature (two volumes), Trans. Arabali Rezaee, Farzan publication, first edition ,1373.

Jaferi Jazi, Masoud. The trend of Romanticism in Europe, Markaz publication,Tehran first edition , 1375 .

Daiches, literary criticism methods, Trans. Mohammadtaghi Sedghiyani, Gholamhossein Yosefi, Elmi publications, first edition ,1366

Zarinkoob , Abdolhossein. Ba karevan andishe, Amirkabir publications, Tehran first edition ,1363.

Seyed Hosseini, Reza. literary schools, volume I, Negah publication, Tehran, 11^th edition, 1376

Ghanimi Helal, Mohammad. Comparative literature, Trans. Morteza Ayat Alah Zade Shirazi. Amirkabir publication, first edition ,1372.

Furst Lilian. Romanticism. Trans. Masoud Jafari Jazi, Markaz publication, Tehran, 3^rd edition, 1380.

Mir Sadeghi, Meymanat. The glossary of the art of poetry. Mahnaz book publication, second edition, 1376.

 Vazin Poor, Nader. Bar samande sokhan. Foroghi publication, first edition, 1366.