ارائه الگوی پیاده‌سازی، راهبری و سنجش فرهنگ ایمنی فرآیند در صنایع فرآیندی
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت محیط زیست، بهداشت و ایمنی
محمد ده بزرگی
1
,
هانیه نیکومرام
2
,
سید محمدرضا میری لواسانی
3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی HSE، گروه مدیریت محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات).
3 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/12/15
تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/03/30
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/03/01
کلید واژه:
صنعت فرآیندی,
سنجش فرهنگ,
ایمنی فرآیند مبتنی بر ریسک,
فرهنگ ایمنی فرآیند,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: نتایج بررسی علل وقوع حوادث فرآیندی در صنایع بر اهمیت جنبه های مختلف فرهنگ ایمنی فرآیند تاکید دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی الگوی سنجش فرهنگ ایمنی فرآیند انجام پذیرفت تا ضمن شناسایی نقاط قوت و ضعف فرهنگی، زمینه مناسبی جهت ارتقاء عملکرد مدیریت ایمنی فرآیند و در نتیجه کاهش یا حذف رویدادهای ناگوار فرآیندی فراهم گردد.روش بررسی: به منظور استخراج مبانی نظری، راهنماهای مرجع بین المللی مدیریت ایمنی فرآیند با تمرکز بر الزام فرهنگ ایمنی فرآیند بررسی، ضمن تعریف معیارهایی، جامع ترین مدل انتخاب و با استناد به مدل منتخب، مبانی کلیدی فرهنگ ایمنی فرآیند، مولفه های ضروری تحقق آن ها، فعالیت های مورد نیاز جهت اجرای هر یک از مولفه های ضروری و سطوح مختلف انتظارات عملکردی به تفکیک هر فعالیت اجرایی تبیین شد. براساس محتوای تولیدی، چک لیست ممیزی سیستمی - میدانی و پرسش نامه فرهنگ ایمنی فرآیند تنظیم و روایی و پایایی آن بررسی، سپس چک لیست و پرسش نامه در یک مجتمع پتروشیمی در سال 1401 تکمیل و نتایج تحلیل گردید.یافته ها: جامع ترین مدل از منظر فرهنگ ایمنی فرآیند، راهنمای ایمنی فرآیند مبتنی بر ریسک مرکز فرآیند شیمیایی آمریکا است. روایی و پایایی مورد تأیید پرسش نامه و همچنین یافته های حاصل از فرآیند ممیزی و پرسش نامه های تکمیلی در مطالعه موردی، نشان داد الگوی پیشنهادی در صنایع فرآیندی، عملیاتی و کاربردی است.بحث و نتیجه گیری: فرهنگ ایمنی فرآیند، عامل تعیین کننده ای در نحوه مدیریت ریسک های فرآیندی می باشد. الگوی پیشنهادی می تواند به عنوان ابزاری مناسب جهت پیاده سازی، راهبری، ارزیابی وضعیت، سنجش عملکرد و در نهایت نگهداشت و ارتقاء فرهنگ ایمنی فرآیند در صنایع فرآیندی مورد بهره برداری قرار گیرد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background & Objective: Investigating the causes of process accidents in industries emphasizes the importance of different aspects of Process Safety Culture (PSC). The purpose of this study was to design a PSC measurement model to identify the strengths and weaknesses of PSC and provide an appropriate background for improving the performance of Process Safety Management (PSM), leading to reducing or eliminating unfortunate process incidents.Material and Methodology: To extract the theoretical foundations, the international best practices in the field of PSM were examined, focusing on the PSC element, and the most comprehensive model was selected based on the defined criteria. Referring to the selected model, the key principles of PSC, their essential features, the activities required to implement each of the essential features and the different levels of performance expectations for each activity were developed. Based on the developed content, a system-field PSC audit checklist and a questionnaire were prepared and its validity and reliability were determined. The checklist and questionnaire were then completed in a petrochemical complex in 2022 and the results were analyzed.Findings: The most comprehensive model from the PSC perspective is the Risk Based Process Safety of the American Center for Chemical Process Safety. The confirmed validity and reliability of the PSC questionnaire as well as the findings from the audit process and filled questionnaires in the case study showed that the proposed model can be practical and applicable to be used in process industries.Discussion and conclusion: The PSC is a determining factor in how to manage process risks. The proposed model can be used as a suitable tool for implementation, operation, status assessment, performance measurement and finally maintenance and promotion of PSC in process industries.
منابع و مأخذ:
Bisbey, T. M., Kilcullen, M. P., Thomas, E. J., Ottosen, M. J., Tsao, K., & Salas, E., Safety Culture: An Integration of Existing Models and a Framework for Understanding Its Development. Human Factors, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 88-110.
Rezaei Baghebidi, M. H., Halvani, G., Ghiyasi, S., Dehghanitafti,, 2017. Assessing Safety Culture and Its Influencing Factors in a Steel Manufacturing Plant. Toloo-e-behdasht, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 37-48. (In Persian)
Avena, T., Ylonen, M., How the Risk Science Can Help Us Establish a Good Safety Culture. Journal of Risk Research, Vol. 24, No. 11, pp. 1349–1367.
Goncalves Filho, A. P., Waterson, P., Maturity Models and Safety Culture: A Critical Review. Safety Science, Vol. 105, pp. 192-211.
Glebova, E. V., Volokhina, A. T., Vikhrov, A. E., Chistyakova, N. D., Level Increase of Process Safety Culture at the Fuel and Energy Complex Enterprises. IOP Publishing, Vol. 1079 No. 7, pp. 072036.
Siuta, D., Kukfisz, B., Kuczyńska, A., Mitkowski, P. T., Methodology for the Determination of a Process Safety Culture Index and Safety Culture Maturity Level in Industries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 19, No.5, pp. 2668.
US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Process Safety Management, OSHA 3132. US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration Publication.
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Accidental Release Prevention Requirements: Risk Management Program Requirements. Federal Register.
US Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS), Guidelines for Risk Based Process Safety. John Wiley & Sons.
Kadri, S. H., Jones, D. W., Nurturing a Strong Process Safety Culture. Process Safety Progress, Vol. 25, No.1, pp. 16-20.
US Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS), Essential Practices for Creating, Strengthening, and Sustaining Process Safety Culture. John Wiley & Sons.
Zwetsloot, I.J.M., van Middelaar, J., van deer Beek, D., 2020. Repeated Assessment of Process Safety Culture in Major Hazard Industries in the Rotterdam Region (Netherlands). Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 257, pp. 120540.
Sepehr, P., Naimi Ghasabiyan, N., 2019. Assessment of Safety Culture and the Evaluation of the Effect of Education on the Improvement of Safety in the Metal Industry during 2018. Journal of Health Research in Community, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.13-21. (In Persian)
Shahparast, D., Beiki, H., Panahi Negad, M., Dormohammadi, A., 2022. Evaluation of HSE Culture and Identification of Its Promotion Strategies in Northern Khorasan Province Gas Company. Occupational Hygiene and Health Promotion Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 29-42. (In Persian)
Kiantaj, R., Ramezani, A., Amrolahi, N., 2019. Knowledge Management as an Agent of Enhancing the Safety Culture in Organizations. Iran Occupational Health, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 1-13. (In Persian)
Goodarzi, R., Arghami, S., Pouyakian, M., 2016. Identification of Factors Affecting Safety Culture in Iranian Thermal Power Plants. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 12-20. (In Persian)
Naimi Ghasabiyan, N., Rezapour, S., Rezaee, R., Sepher, A., Erfan Fard, M., Sepehr, P., 2021. Promoting Safety Culture Using 4E Technique in Esfarayen Steel Industry in 2019. Occupational Hygiene and Health Promotion Journal, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 393-399. (In Persian)
American Petroleum Institute (API), 1990. Management of Process Hazards, API RP 750. American Petroleum Institute Publications, Washington DC.
World Steel Association, Safety and Health Committee, 2019. Safety Guidance Note Process Safety Management, Rev 2.0. World Steel Publications, Brussels.
Energy Institute (EI), High Level Framework for Process Safety Management. Energy Institute Publications, London.
Baker, J., Bowman, F.L., Erwin, G., Gorton, S., Hendershot, D., Leveson, N., Priest, S., Rosenthal, I., Tebo, P., Wiegmann, D., Wilson, L., 2007. The Report of BP US Refineries Independent Safety Review Panel. BP US Refineries Independent Safety Review Panel.
Kalantari K., 2017. Data Processing and Analysis in Socio-Economic Research. Farhang Saba. (In Persian)
US Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS),Guidelines for Implementing Process Safety Management. John Wiley & Sons.
Yuan, G., Fan, Y., Wang, J., Li, X., Pei, J., 2019. The Mediating Role of Safety Management Practices in Process Safety Culture in the Chinese Oil IJournal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,Vol. 57, pp. 223-230.
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Bisbey, T. M., Kilcullen, M. P., Thomas, E. J., Ottosen, M. J., Tsao, K., & Salas, E., Safety Culture: An Integration of Existing Models and a Framework for Understanding Its Development. Human Factors, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 88-110.
Rezaei Baghebidi, M. H., Halvani, G., Ghiyasi, S., Dehghanitafti,, 2017. Assessing Safety Culture and Its Influencing Factors in a Steel Manufacturing Plant. Toloo-e-behdasht, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 37-48. (In Persian)
Avena, T., Ylonen, M., How the Risk Science Can Help Us Establish a Good Safety Culture. Journal of Risk Research, Vol. 24, No. 11, pp. 1349–1367.
Goncalves Filho, A. P., Waterson, P., Maturity Models and Safety Culture: A Critical Review. Safety Science, Vol. 105, pp. 192-211.
Glebova, E. V., Volokhina, A. T., Vikhrov, A. E., Chistyakova, N. D., Level Increase of Process Safety Culture at the Fuel and Energy Complex Enterprises. IOP Publishing, Vol. 1079 No. 7, pp. 072036.
Siuta, D., Kukfisz, B., Kuczyńska, A., Mitkowski, P. T., Methodology for the Determination of a Process Safety Culture Index and Safety Culture Maturity Level in Industries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 19, No.5, pp. 2668.
US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Process Safety Management, OSHA 3132. US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration Publication.
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Accidental Release Prevention Requirements: Risk Management Program Requirements. Federal Register.
US Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS), Guidelines for Risk Based Process Safety. John Wiley & Sons.
Kadri, S. H., Jones, D. W., Nurturing a Strong Process Safety Culture. Process Safety Progress, Vol. 25, No.1, pp. 16-20.
US Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS), Essential Practices for Creating, Strengthening, and Sustaining Process Safety Culture. John Wiley & Sons.
Zwetsloot, I.J.M., van Middelaar, J., van deer Beek, D., 2020. Repeated Assessment of Process Safety Culture in Major Hazard Industries in the Rotterdam Region (Netherlands). Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 257, pp. 120540.
Sepehr, P., Naimi Ghasabiyan, N., 2019. Assessment of Safety Culture and the Evaluation of the Effect of Education on the Improvement of Safety in the Metal Industry during 2018. Journal of Health Research in Community, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.13-21. (In Persian)
Shahparast, D., Beiki, H., Panahi Negad, M., Dormohammadi, A., 2022. Evaluation of HSE Culture and Identification of Its Promotion Strategies in Northern Khorasan Province Gas Company. Occupational Hygiene and Health Promotion Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 29-42. (In Persian)
Kiantaj, R., Ramezani, A., Amrolahi, N., 2019. Knowledge Management as an Agent of Enhancing the Safety Culture in Organizations. Iran Occupational Health, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 1-13. (In Persian)
Goodarzi, R., Arghami, S., Pouyakian, M., 2016. Identification of Factors Affecting Safety Culture in Iranian Thermal Power Plants. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 12-20. (In Persian)
Naimi Ghasabiyan, N., Rezapour, S., Rezaee, R., Sepher, A., Erfan Fard, M., Sepehr, P., 2021. Promoting Safety Culture Using 4E Technique in Esfarayen Steel Industry in 2019. Occupational Hygiene and Health Promotion Journal, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 393-399. (In Persian)
American Petroleum Institute (API), 1990. Management of Process Hazards, API RP 750. American Petroleum Institute Publications, Washington DC.
World Steel Association, Safety and Health Committee, 2019. Safety Guidance Note Process Safety Management, Rev 2.0. World Steel Publications, Brussels.
Energy Institute (EI), High Level Framework for Process Safety Management. Energy Institute Publications, London.
Baker, J., Bowman, F.L., Erwin, G., Gorton, S., Hendershot, D., Leveson, N., Priest, S., Rosenthal, I., Tebo, P., Wiegmann, D., Wilson, L., 2007. The Report of BP US Refineries Independent Safety Review Panel. BP US Refineries Independent Safety Review Panel.
Kalantari K., 2017. Data Processing and Analysis in Socio-Economic Research. Farhang Saba. (In Persian)
US Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS),Guidelines for Implementing Process Safety Management. John Wiley & Sons.
Yuan, G., Fan, Y., Wang, J., Li, X., Pei, J., 2019. The Mediating Role of Safety Management Practices in Process Safety Culture in the Chinese Oil IJournal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,Vol. 57, pp. 223-230.
