تدوین مدل برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک توسعه شهری مناسب در راستای ارتقای امنیت زیست‌محیطی)مطالعه موردی شهر تهران (
محورهای موضوعی :
محیط زیست شهری
الهام فولادی
1
,
آزیتا بهبهانی نیا
2
,
بیتا آزادبخت
3
,
سعید مطهری
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت محیط زیست، گروه محیط زیست واحد رودهن، دانشکده کشاورزی. و علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست واحد رودهن، دانشکده کشاورزی. و علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست واحد رودهن، دانشکده کشاورزی. و علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران.
4 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست واحد رودهن، دانشکده کشاورزی. و علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/09/20
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/01/22
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/01
کلید واژه:
توسعه شهری,
امنیت زیست‌محیطی,
شهر تهران,
برنامه های استراتژیک,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه به دلیل تاکید بر رشد اقتصادی و بهره‌برداری‌های بی‌رویه از منابع‌طبیعی و زیست‌محیطی، کلان شهرها با مسائل و مشکلات عدیده‌ای در زمینه محیط‌زیست و امنیت زیست‌محیطی مواجه شده‌اند. هدف از انجام این تحقیق شناسایی چالشهای زیست محیطی در شهر تهران، تعیین مولفه‌های زیست‌محیطی، تحلیل استراتژی‌ها و ارائه مدل مناسب جهت ارتقای امنیت زیست‌محیطی در شهر تهران میباشد.روش بررسی: این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیتی توصیفی-تحلیلی با ماهیت پیمایشی است. در این پژوهش از پرسشنامه ویژه صاحب نظران و کارشناسان در حیطه محیط زیست استفاده شد. جهت تحلیل عوامل داخلی (ضعف، قوت) و خارجی (تهدید و فرصت) شهر از روش SWOT و جهت آزمون فرضیه از آزمون تی‌تک نمونه‌ای، استفاده گردید. جهت تحلیل مصاحبه‌ها و شناسایی نهایی پیامدها از روش دلفی استفاده شد. همچنین با استفاده از مدل برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک برایسون و با توجه به استراتژی‌ها و اولویت‌های آن‌ها نسبت به تدوین مدل برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک توسعه‌شهری که تاکید بر امنیت زیست‌محیطی دارد، اقدام شده است. در نهایت با استفاده از ماتریس QSPM استراتژی‌ها اولویتبندی شدند. این تحقیق در بازه زمانی 1400-1397 انجام شده است.یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نشان می دهد که مهمترین استراتژی از دیدگاه متخصصان و صاحبنظران در بین این مولفه ها، مولفه های سیاسی و نظارتی هستند. همچنین مهمترین استراتژی‌ها از دیدگاه متخصصان اجرای طرح های هدفمند برای جلوگیری از کاهش تخریب و استراتژی های مناسب به منظور مدیریت بهینه کیفیت هوا میباشد.بحث و نتیجه گیری: طبق بررسی ها وضعیت امنیت زیست‌محیطی شهر تهران در وضعیت بحرانی میباشد و مهمترین استراتژی های ارائه شده از طریق ماتریس QSPM شامل به کارگیری ابزارهای کاهش دهنده آلودگی، اصلاح الگوی مصرف انرژی و بهینه سازی آن، جلوگیری از گسترش شهرنشینی و حاشیه نشینی، استفاده از سیستم های مدیریت و کاهش مصرف انرژی و اجرای طرح های هدفمند برای جلوگیری از کاهش تخریب می باشند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Today, due to the emphasis on economic growth and wasteful use of natural and environmental resources, metropolises are faced with many problems in the field of environment and environmental security. Therefore, the use of strategic planning in urban development plans and emphasis on environmental components can be effective in improving conditions.Material and Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. In the present study, special questionnaires were distributed to experts in the field of environment. SWOT method was used to analyze the internal (weakness, strength) and external factors (threat and opportunity) of the city and sample test was used to test the hypothesis. The Delphi method was used to analyze the interviews and finally identify the consequences. Finally, using the Bryson Strategic Planning Model and according to their strategies and priorities, a strategic development planning model for urban development that emphasizes environmental security has been developed. Finally, strategies were prioritized using the QSPM matrix.Findings: The results of data analysis show that the most important strategy from the perspective of experts and thinkers among these components are political and regulatory components. Also, the most important strategies from the perspective of experts are the implementation of targeted plans to prevent degradation and appropriate strategies to optimally manage air quality.Discusion and Conclusion: According to studies, the environmental security situation in Tehran is in a critical situation and the most important strategies presented through the QSPM matrix include the use of pollution reduction tools, modifying the energy consumption pattern and optimizing it, preventing the spread of urbanization and Marginalization, the use of management systems and reduction of energy consumption and the implementation of targeted plans to prevent the reduction of degradation.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Imeni, Farshid, 2020, Environmental Security and International Relations,7th International Conference on Management Research and Humanities in Iran. (In Persian)
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Houshi, Mohamadreza, 2015, An Analysis of the Importance of Strategic Planning in Urban Management, the First National Conference on Modern Management Sciences and Cultural and Social Planning in Iran. (In Persian)
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Zare, Bijan and Zohreh, Roughnian, 2015, Futurology in Environmental Development by Scenario Making, International Conference on Research in Engineering, Science and Technology. (In Persian)
Imeni, Farshid, 2020, Environmental Security and International Relations,7th International Conference on Management Research and Humanities in Iran. (In Persian)
Ramezani, Kazem, Alizade, Omran and Sorour, Rahim, 2018, The Impact of Environmental Threats on National Security (Case Study: South Shores of the Caspian Sea), Quarterly Journal of Interdisciplinary Strategic Studies, Volume 8, Number 31, pp. 223-201. (In Persian)
JaJarmi, Kazem, Pishgahifard, Zahra and Mahkouyi, Hojat, 2014, Environmental threats in the countries of the Persian Gulf geopolitical region with emphasis on the crisis of water resources, Quarterly Journal of Regional Planning, Volume 4, Number 13, pp.133-143. (In Persian)
Ghadami, Mostafa, Hoseini Siyahgoli, Mahnaz, 2016, Assessing the Factors Affecting the Implementation of Strategic Planning in Iran, Geographical Research Quarterly, Volume 31, Number 1. (In Persian)
Nozad, Navid and Mahmoudi Rezaieh, Milad,2021, Strategic planning challenges in municipalities and presenting an integrated planning model Structural-strategic (Case study of Urmia Municipality),8th International Conference Modern Tricks of Management, Accounting, Economics and Banking, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. (In Persian)
Kavyanirad, Morad, 2015, Destruction of Resources and the Challenge of Environmental Security, National Security Watch Quarterly, Volume 7, Number 39. (In Persian)
Doroudi, Mohamadreza, 2017, Assessing and evaluating the components affecting the promotion of the feeling of security in residential environments (Case study: Tehranpars Gharbi neighborhood), Journal of Social Security Studies, No. 5, pp. 133-103. (In Persian)
Talieh Olya, Zahra, Zibakalam, Sadegh and Pourhashemi, Seyed Abbas, 2017, Peace, Environmental Security; Prerequisite for the realization of the right to life, Third Conference on Oriental Studies, Peace and Cultural Diplomacy, Belgium.
Behbahaninia, Azita, 2020, Environmental Security, Futurology Research Institute. Hormozd Publications. (In Persian)
Taybi, Sobhan, Helali, Leila and Maleki Asl, Pegah, 2015, Explaining the component of environmental security as a perspective in the international arena, the third national conference on environment, energy and bio-defense. (In Persian)
Honarvar, Jamaluddin,2019, Basic concepts of security in socio-economic, political and environmental dimensions, the Second International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Development Management in Iran. (In Persian)
Tavana, Alireza and Karimi Demneh, Morteza,2020, Investigating the relationship between energy optimization and environmental security and achieving sustainable development, the Sixth National Conference on Optimization in Science and Engineering. (In Persian)
Mojoudi, Majid and Ebrahimian, Mehdi,2018, The Impact of Environmental Security Threats on Iran's National Security, The First National Conference to Investigate Defense-Military Threat Threats, AJA Command University and Headquarters. (In Persian)
Sarvar, Houshang, Madroumi, Amir and Hatami, Fathollah, 2017, A Study of the Advantages of Strategic Planning and Its Role in the Realization of Urban Development Plans in Iran, The First National Conference on New Thoughts and Technologies in Geographical Sciences, Zanjan University. (In Persian)
Akbarian, Fereshteh, 2016, Global Warming and Government Challenges in Environmental Security, The First International Conference on Natural Hazards and Environmental Crises in Iran, Solutions and Challenges. (In Persian)
Jiafeng and Wen,KangHou. 2021, Research on the progress of regional ecological security evaluation and optimization of its common limitations, Ecological Indicators, Volume 127.
Ting,Li.ua, Hui-Zhi,Wangb,Huan-Zhi and Wanga,HeXua, 2021, The spatiotemporal evolution of ecological security in China based on the ecological footprint model with localization of parameters, Ecological Indicators, Volume126.
Subrata,Ghosh,Nilanjana,Das,Chatterjee and Santanu,Dinda, 2021, Urban ecological security assessment and forecasting using integrated DEMATEL-ANP and CA-Markov models: A case study on Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India, Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 68.
Julian, Laufs, Hervé, Borrion and Ben, Bradford, 2020, Security and the smart city: A systematic review, Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 55.
Barentt, Jon, 2020, Environmental Security, International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second Edition), page 247-257.
Muigua, Kariuki, 2018, Achieving Environmental Security in Kenya, University of Nairobi and past Chairperson CIArb (Kenya Branch).
Ratner, Blake, 2018, Environmental security: dimensions and priorities, the Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP).
Halajiyan, Ebrahim and Aminshad, Ali, 2015, Identification and formulation of effective strategies for strategic management of urban development in Ramsar city, Quarterly Journal of Urban Management, No. 40, pp. 418-399. (In Persian)
Ghavam, Seyed Abdul Ali and Mostafavi, Seyedeh Masoumeh,2018, The paradigm shift in the concept of environmental security, International Journal of Nations Research, Volume 3, Number 34, pp. 28-7.
Houshi, Mohamadreza, 2015, An Analysis of the Importance of Strategic Planning in Urban Management, the First National Conference on Modern Management Sciences and Cultural and Social Planning in Iran. (In Persian)
