بررسی روند و الگوی توزیع مکانی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از شاخص‌های کیفی آب (مطالعه موردی دشت همدان-بهار)
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیستعاطفه نورکی 1 , عبدالرحیم هوشمند 2
1 - دانشجوی دکتری گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران.
2 - دانشیار گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز . *(مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: تخمین‌گر شیب سن, پهنه‌بندی, آزمون من-کندال, شاخص کیفی آب, دشت همدان-بهار,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه آگاهی از کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی، روند و بررسی تغییرات مکانی آن در برنامه ریزی و مدیریت پایدار منابع آب از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی تغییرات مکانی و زمانی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی، انتخاب بهترین شاخص و پهنه بندی آن جهت مدیریت منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت همدان-بهار است. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش به منظور بررسی روند تغییرات پارامترهای کیفی آب، محاسبه شاخص های کیفی و پهنه بندی آن از داده های کیفیت شیمیایی دشت همدان-بهار در بازه زمانی 1384 تا 1393 استفاده شد. پارامترهای شیمیایی آب شاملTDS ، Na، SO4، THو pHدر 25 حلقه چاه اندازه گیری شد و با به کارگیری دو آزمون غیرپارامتری من-کندال و تخمین گر شیب سن، وجود روند معنی دار برای سری زمانی سالانه در سطح معنی داری 95 و 99 درصد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین شاخص های کیفیت آب (WQI، WQIAmerican وCWQI) به صورت سالیانه محاسبه و از روش مقایسه ای جیل جانویک برای مقایسه شاخص های مورد نظر استفاده شد. سپس به وسیله ی سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)، مناسب ترین روش درون یابی جهت پهنه بندی بهترین شاخص کیفی آب از میان روش های درون یابی معین (IDW، RBF، LPI و GPI) انتخاب شد. یافته ها: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که 4 درصد از متغیرهای کیفی دارای روند افزایشی معنی دار، 12درصد دارای روند کاهشی معنی دار و 84 درصد بدون روند بوده اند. براساس شرایط موجود کیفیت آب زیرزمینی دشت همدان-بهار با استفاده از شاخص های WQI، WQIAmerican و CWQI به ترتیب در طبقه خوب، خوب و بد قرار داشت. بحث و نتیجه گیری: براساس نتایج حاصل از مقایسه روش های مختلف درون یابی، روش RBF نسبت به روش های دیگر برتری داشت و از دقت بالا و خطای پایینی برخوردار بوده است لذا درون یابی با این روش صورت گرفت. در پایان مقایسه نقشه های پهنه بندی مکانی شاخص WQI نشان داد که در ابتدا و انتهای دوره آماری 10 ساله مورد بررسی میزان شاخص در کل سطح دشت یک روند کاهشی دارد.
Background and Objective: Awareness of the quality of groundwater resources in the planning and sustainability management of water resources is a particular importance. This study aimed to investigate the Spatial and temporal variations in groundwater quality, to select the best index and its zoning for managing the groundwater resources of Hamedan-Bahar plain. Method: In this study, to determine the process of changes in water quality parameters, the groundwater quality indices and its zoning were used from the chemical data of the groundwater of Hamedan-Bahar plain in the period 2005 to 2014. The physical and chemical parameters of water including TDS, Na, SO4, TH and pH were measured in 25 wells and by applying two non-parametric, Mann-Kendall tests and estimating the Sen's slope, the existence of a significant trend for the annual time series was evaluated at 95 and 99% significance level. Water Quality indices (WQI, WQIAmerican and CWQI) were evaluated annually and Giljanovic comparison method was used to compare the indices. Then, by using the GIS, the most appropriate interpolation method (from among IDW, RBF, LPI and GPI) was selected to zoning the best water quality index. Findings: The results of this study showed that 4% of the qualitative variables had a significant increase, 12% had a significant decrease and 84% without a trend. Based on the existing conditions, groundwater quality of Hamedan-Bahar plain was characterized by good, good and bad grades using WQI, WQIAmerican and CWQI indices respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of comparing different interpolation methods, RBF method was superior to other methods, and it has high accuracy and low error. Therefore, the interpolation was carried out with this method. In the end, the comparison the spatial zoning maps of the WQI index showed that at the beginning and the end of the 10-year statistical period, the index had a decreasing trend in the whole plain.
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- Zare Abyane, H., Bayat Varkeshi, M., Maruofi, S. 2012. Investigation groundwaterfluctuations in Malayer Plain. J. Soil Water Sci; 22: 2. 173-190. (In Persian)
- Dinpasho, Y., Fakhari Fard, A., Hassanpoor, M A., Beheshtee Vayghan, V., 2015. Trend analysis of groundwater quality of Shabestar - Soofan Plain. Irrigation Science and Engineering; 38(1):55-69. (In Persian)
- Sen P.K., 1968. Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 63:1379-1389
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- Hamidian, L., Meraji, H., Fijani, A., Betalebloii, S., 2017. Assessment of groundwater quality in Bushehr province using water quality index. Journal of the Hydrogeology. Vol, 2. PP. 31-44. (In Persian)
- Samson, M. G. Swaminathan and N. Venkat Kumar. 2010. Assessing groundwater quality for potability using fuzzy logic and GIS- A case study for Tiruchirappalli City- India. Comp. Model. And New Technols. 14(2):58-68
- Ahmadi, M., Hoshmand, A., 2018. Evaluation of Corrosion and Scaling Potential of Groundwater in Dezful-Andimeshk Plain Using Geostatistical Methods. Journal of the Iran-Water Resources Research. Vol, 14. PP. 263-267. (In Persian)
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- Mann, H.B., 1945. Nonparametric tests against trend, Econometrica. 13:245-259
- Kendall, M.G., 1975. Rank Correlation Methods. Griffin, London, UK.
- Tiwari, T N., Mishra, M A., 1985. A preliminary assignment of water quality index of major Indian rivers. Journal of Environ Proc 5:276- 279
- Khan, A.A., Paterson, R., and Khan, H. 2004. Modification and application of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment water quality index (CCMEWQI) for the communication of drinking water quality data in Newfoundland and Labrador, Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 39, pp 285–293.
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- Ebrahimi, A., Ehramposh, M H., Ghaneian, MT., Davoudi, M., Hashemi, H., Behzadi S., 2010. The survey chemical quality of ground water in the vicinity of sanitarylandfill of Yazd in 2008. Journal of Health system research 6:1048-1056. (In Persian)
- Zare Abyane, H., Bayat Varkeshi, M., Maruofi, S. 2012. Investigation groundwaterfluctuations in Malayer Plain. J. Soil Water Sci; 22: 2. 173-190. (In Persian)
- Dinpasho, Y., Fakhari Fard, A., Hassanpoor, M A., Beheshtee Vayghan, V., 2015. Trend analysis of groundwater quality of Shabestar - Soofan Plain. Irrigation Science and Engineering; 38(1):55-69. (In Persian)
- Sen P.K., 1968. Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 63:1379-1389
- Delbari, M., Podine, A., 2018. Study of the trend and pattern of spatial distribution of groundwater quality in Khash study area. Journal of the Geographic Space Quarterly, Vol. 63, PP. 25-50. (In Persian)
- Bayat-Varkeshi, M., Fasihi, R., 2018. Monitoring of groundwater quality changes trend in four plains of Gilan province during a 12-year period. Journal of the Health & Environ, Vol. 10, PP. 547-558(in Persian).
- Rezai- moghadam, M., Nicjo, M., Hejazi, M., Khezri, S., Kazemi, A., 2017. The effect of hydrogeomorphological factors on water quality changes in Siminrood river in different stations during the years 2003-2013. Journal of the Ecochydrology.Vol. 2, PP.395-405. (In Persian)
- Khalaaji, M., Ebrahimi, E., Hasheminejad, h., 2017. Water Quality Assessment of Zayande-Rood’s Dam Lakeusing Water Qualitative Index in 2013. J. Water and Soil Sci. Vol. 21. PP. 265-277. (In Persian)
- Alipor, A., Rahimi, J., Azarnivand, A., 2017. Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and agricultural purposes-Pre-requisite for planning of land use planning in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Journal of the Pasture and Watershed Management. Vol, 2. PP. 423-434. (In Persian)
- Navabian, M., Yousfi, S., Esmaeli Voraki, M., Ghodsi, M. First National Conference on Water and Agriculture Resource Challenges, Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan. 2012. (In Persian)
- Adeli, B., Mohamadi, H., Sadodin, A., Bazrafshan, A., Armin, A., 2018. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of groundwater aquifers using the WQI method and the Man-Kendall test (case study: Sarkhoon plain, Hormozgan province). Journal of the Ecochydrology, Vol 3. PP. 801-811. (In Persian)
- Hamidian, L., Meraji, H., Fijani, A., Betalebloii, S., 2017. Assessment of groundwater quality in Bushehr province using water quality index. Journal of the Hydrogeology. Vol, 2. PP. 31-44. (In Persian)
- Samson, M. G. Swaminathan and N. Venkat Kumar. 2010. Assessing groundwater quality for potability using fuzzy logic and GIS- A case study for Tiruchirappalli City- India. Comp. Model. And New Technols. 14(2):58-68
- Ahmadi, M., Hoshmand, A., 2018. Evaluation of Corrosion and Scaling Potential of Groundwater in Dezful-Andimeshk Plain Using Geostatistical Methods. Journal of the Iran-Water Resources Research. Vol, 14. PP. 263-267. (In Persian)
- Normohamadi, S., Tajbakhsh, M., Memarian, H., 2017. Investigation of the effect of precipitation element on groundwater resources using spatio-temporal spatial analysis of drought (Case study: Mashhad plain in Kashfrud River basin), Journal of the Geography and geography and environmental hazards. Vol. 6. PP.19-44. (In Persian)
- Talebiniya, M., Khosravi, H., & Zohrabi, S. (2019). Assessing the ground water quality for pressurized irrigation systems in Kerman Province, Iran using GIS. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 1-10.
- Muzenda, F., Masocha, M., & Misi, S. N. 2019. Groundwater quality assessment using a water quality index and GIS: A case of Ushewokunze Settlement, Harare, Zimbabwe. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C
- Mann, H.B., 1945. Nonparametric tests against trend, Econometrica. 13:245-259
- Kendall, M.G., 1975. Rank Correlation Methods. Griffin, London, UK.
- Tiwari, T N., Mishra, M A., 1985. A preliminary assignment of water quality index of major Indian rivers. Journal of Environ Proc 5:276- 279
- Khan, A.A., Paterson, R., and Khan, H. 2004. Modification and application of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment water quality index (CCMEWQI) for the communication of drinking water quality data in Newfoundland and Labrador, Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 39, pp 285–293.
- Bahmani, O., Zali, A., 2018. Investigation and determination of spatial distribution of nitrate and electrical conductivity in groundwater using ground-based method (Case study: Kaboodarahang Plain).Quarterly Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.
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