مقایسه تاثیر سیستم های آبیاری سطحی و زیرسطحی با مخازن تراوا بر میزان صرفه جویی آب و شاخص های رشد نهال سنجد
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیستبهاره صائب 1 , مهدی رمضانی 2 * , پروین فرشچی 3 , سید اکبر جوادی 4 , شهرام بیک پور 5
1 - دانشجوی دکترا علوم محیط زیست- تنوع زیستی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشیار، گروه علوم محیط زیست و جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیار، گروه علوم محیط زیست و جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.
4 - دانشیار، گروه مهندسی طبیعت (آبخیزداری و مرتع داری)، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.
5 - استادیار، گروه علوم محیط زیست و جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: آبیاری زیر سطحی, آبیاری سطحی, مخازن تراوا, حجم و دور آبیاری, پارامترهای رشد, نهال سنجد. ,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: محدودیت منابع آب و تبخیر و تعرق شدید از عوامل موثر بر بحران آب و از مهم ترین چالش های استقرار پوشش گیاهی در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک مانند ایران میباشد. بنابراین به نظر میرسد استفاده از روش آبیاری زیر سطحی با مخازن تراوا یکی از مناسب ترین شیوه های آبیاری در این مناطق باشد. این مخازن با حفظ و نگهداری آب آبیاری و بارندگی و با استفاده از مکانیسم اختلاف فشار اسمزی موجب تامین مستقیم و مداوم رطوبت خاک در محدوده ظرفیت زراعی و در محدوده ریشه گیاه شده و در نتیجه تلفات تبخیر و نفوذ عمقی آب کاهش یافته و باعث صرفه جویی و افزایش بهره وری آب و بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاه میشود. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی و مقایسه تاثیر دو تیمار آبیاری سطحی تشتکی (T1 ) و آبیاری با مخازن تراوای متخلخل ساخته شده از گچ کشاورزی (ژیپس)، پرلیت همراه با دولومیت و پودر تالک(T2 ) بر شاخص های آبیاری و رشد نهال گونه گیاهی سنجد ( Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) می باشد.
روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر در قالب طرح آزمایشی تصادفی- سیستماتیک انجام شد. شاخص های اندازه گیری شده شامل حجم و دور آبیاری (میزان و دفعات آبیاری) و شاخصهای رشد و استقرار نهال شامل ارتفاع، قطر یقه و میانگین قطر تاج پوشش و درصد زنده مانی گونه گیاهی سنجد ( Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) چهار ساله در فصل رویشی 1400-1399و 1401-1400 بود و در قطعه زمینی در محوطه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران انجام شد.
یافتهها: نتایج نشاندهنده صرفه جویی 80 درصدی در حجم آب مصرفی در فصل رویشی 1400-1399 و 28/77 درصدی در فصل رویشی 1401-1400، یک چهارم شدن دفعات آبیاری و 5-4 برابر شدن دور آبیاری در تیمار آبیاری با مخازن تراوای زیر سطحی (T2) نسبت به تیمار آبیاری سطحی تشتکی (T1 ) است، همچنین استفاده از تیمار آبیاری (T2) تاثیر مثبت و معنی داری بر رشد قطر یقه و رشد ارتفاع نهال در مقایسه با تیمار آبیاری (T1 ) داشت (001/0p <)، ولی با وجود بالاتر بودن میانگین قطر تاج پوشش و میزان زنده مانی در تیمار آبیاری (T2)، این افزایش از نظر آماری معنادار نبود (05/0p >).
بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشاندهنده تاثیر مثبت روش آبیاری زیر سطحی با مخازن تراوا بر صرفه جویی آب و رشد نهال سنجد در مقایسه با روش آبیاری سطحی تشتکی میباشد.
Background and Objective: Limited water resources and severe evaporation and transpiration are among effective factors in water crisis and are the most important challenges of vegetation establishment in arid and semi-arid areas such as Iran، Therefore, it seems that the use of subsurface irrigation method with permeable reservoirs is one of the most appropriate irrigation methods in these areas، These reservoirs preserve irrigation and rainfall water by osmotic pressure difference mechanism and provide directly and continuously supply soil moisture within the limits of agricultural capacity at the root of the plant, and as a result, evaporation losses and deep penetration of water are reduced and saving and increasing water productivity and improving plant growth occur. The purpose of this research is to investigate and compare the effect of two treatments of basin irrigation (T1) and irrigation with porous permeable reservoirs made of agricultural gypsum with dolomite and talc powder (T2) on irrigation indicators and seedling growth of (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.).
Material and Methodology: The current research is a completely randomized experimental study with the aim of investigating and comparing the effect of basin irrigation treatment and water-permeable reservoirs made of agricultural gypsum, perlite, dolomite and talcum powder (T2) on the volume and irrigation cycle (amount and frequency of irrigation), seedling growth and establishment indicators including height, collar diameter, average canopy diameter and survival percentage of 4-year-old elder plant species (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) in the growing season of 2021 and 2022. This research was carried out in a plot of land in the campus of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran.
Fidings: The results showed an 80 % of saving in the growing season of 2021 and 77.28 % in the growing season of 2022 in the amount of water consumed and quartering the irrigation frequency and a 4-5 doubling of the irrigation cycle in the irrigation treatment with subsurface permeable reservoirs (T2)، Also, the use of irrigation treatment (T2) had a positive and significant effect on the growth of the collar diameter and the growth of seedling height compared to the irrigation treatment (T1) (p < 0.001), but despite the fact that the average crown diameter and the survival rate were higher in the irrigation treatment (T2), this increase was not statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Discussion & Conclusion: Therefore, the results of this research show the positive effect of the subsurface irrigation method with permeable reservoirs on water saving and the growth of Elaeagnus angustifolia L seedlings compared to the surface irrigation method.
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