مقایسه روش تاگوچی و رگرسیون چند متغیره در تعیین فاکتورهای موثر در شاخص‌های کیفی آب (WQIs) (مطالعه موردی: خروجی سد تنظیمی کرج)
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست
1 - استادیار مهندسی محیط زیست، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و حمل و نقل، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
کلید واژه: کاهش هزینه پایش, روش تاگوچی, شاخص کیفی آب, کاهش فاکتورهای موثر درWQIs.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمينه و هدف: انديس‌های کيفيت آب، از جمله ابزار مورد استفاده در بررسي کيفيت منابع آب‌هاي سطحي هستند. محققین مختلفی تلاش کرده‌اند که این اندیس‌ها را با فاکتورهای کمتری ارائه دهند تا با کاهش هزینه پایش، در کشورهای در حال توسعه و کمتر توسعه یافته، قابل استفاده باشند. تحقیق حاضر با هدف مقایسه نتایج دو روش تاگوچی و رگرسیون چند متغیره در کاهش فاکتورهای شاخص کیفی آبNSF-WQI (National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index) صورت گرفت.
روش بررسي: در این تحقیق از نتایج کیفی آب سد تنظیمی کرج به عنوان مطالعه موردی و نشان دادن قابلیت روش تاگوچی در قیاس با رگرسیون‌های چند متغیره مختلف استفاده شده است. برای این منظور از انديس کيفي آب NSF-WQI با 9 فاکتور استفاده شد.
يافته ها: نتایج روش تاگوچی در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد و با فاکتور درصد تاثیر حداقل 5/1 درصد برای محدوده مورد مطالعه نشان داد که در فصول مختلف سال مورد بررسی، حداقل 3 (شامل اکسیژن محلول، کل فسفر و فکال کالیفرم) و حداکثر 4 فاکتور (شامل اکسیژن محلول، کل فسفر، فکال کالیفرم و کدورت) در تعیین اندیس کیفی NSF-WQI موثر بوده‌اند. این بررسی با رگرسیون خطی چند متغیره نیز همین نتیجه را در بر داشت. بررسی با درصد تاثیر 5 درصد نیز نشان داد که حداقل 2 و حداکثر 3 فاکتور در تعیین اندیس کیفی مورد نظر موثر بوده است و در این حالت، ضریب همبستگی مدل‌های رگرسیونی بیشتر از 96/0 بوده است.
بحث و نتيجه گيري: علاوه بر کاربرد روش‌های مرسوم رگرسیون چند متغیره در کاهش فاکتورهای WQIs، از روش تاگوچی نیز می‌توان برای تعیین فاکتورهای موثر و نیز سهم هر فاکتور در نتیجه نهایی کیفیت آب بهره برد. در بررسی حاضر، ارقام 5/1 و 5 درصد به عنوان حداقل و حداکثر حدود تصمیم‌گیری برای درصد تاثیر به عنوان یکی از خروجی‌های آماری روش تاگوچی پیشنهاد شد.
Background and Objective: Water quality indicators are among the tools which is used to evaluate the quality of surface water resources. Many researchers have tried to provide these indicators with fewer factors to reduce their monitoring costs for useing in underdeveloped countries. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of Taguchi method and multivariate regression in reducing the factors of NSF-WQI (National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index).
Material and Methodology: In this research, the water quality results of Karaj regulatory dam have been used as a case study to show the capability of Taguchi method in comparison with different linear multivariate regression. For this purpose, the NSF-WQI water quality index was used by 9 factors.
Findings: The results of Taguchi method at 95% confidence level and with a minimum percentage influence (PI) of 1.5% at case study area, showed that in the different seasons between 3 (Dissolved Oxygen, Total Phosphorus and Fecal Coliform) and 4 (Dissolved Oxygen, Total Phosphorus, Fecal Coliform and Tourbidity) factors were effective in determining the NSF-WQI. The same results were obtained with multivariate linear regression. The using of 5% for PI showed that at least 2 and maximum 3 factors were effective in the water quality index determinating. In this case, the regression correlation of models was more than 0.96.
Discussion and Conclusion: In addition to using multivariate regression to reduce the WQIs factors, Taguchi method can also be used to determine the effective WQI factors and the contribution of each to the final result of water quality. In this study, 1.5% and 5% PI were suggested as the minimum and maximum decision-making limits as one of the statistical outputs of the Taguchi method.
1. Gholikandi, G.B., Haddadi, S., Dehghanifard, E., Tashayouie, H.R., 2012. Assessment of surface water resources quality in Tehran province, Iran. Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 37, pp. 8-20.
2. Lumb, A., Sharma, T., Bibeault, J.F., 2011. A review of genesis and evolution of Water Quality Index (WQI) and some future directions. Water Quality, Exposure and Health, Vol. 3, pp. 11-24.
3. Haldar, D., Halder, S., Das, P., Halder, G., 2016. Assessment of water quality of Damodar River in South Bengal region of India by Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (CCME) Water Quality Index: a case study. Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 57, pp. 3489-502.
4. Hoseinzadeh, E., Khorsandi, H., Wei, C., Alipour, M., 2014. Evaluation of Aydughmush River water quality using the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI), River Pollution Index (RPI), and Forestry Water Quality Index (FWQI). Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 54, pp. 2994-3002.
5. Poonam, T., Tanushree, B., Sukalyan, C., 2013. Water quality indices-important tools for water quality assessment: a review. International Journal of Advances in Chemistry, Vol. 1, pp. 15-28.
6. Shamsaei, A., Zareh, S.O., Sarang, A., 2004. The comparison of water indices and zoning quality in Karoon and Dez rivers. Journal of Water and Wastewater, Vol. 16, pp. 39-48. (In Persian)
7. Dehghanifard, E., Baneshi, M.M., Gholikandi, G.B., Dehnavi, A., Asgari, A.R., Khazaei, M., Yari, A.R., 2012. Application of water quality index for quality zoning. Archives of Hygiene Sciences, Vol. 1, pp. 20-25.
8. Sarkar, C., Abbasi, S.A., 2006. Qualidex-a new software for generating water quality indice. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 119, pp. 201-231.
9. Shokuhi, R., Hosinzadeh, E., Roshanaei, G., Alipour, M., Hoseinzadeh, S., 2012. Evaluation of Aydughmush dam reservoir water quality by National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) and water quality parameter changes. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, Vol. 4, pp. 439-450.
10. Salari, M., Radmanesh, F., Zarei, H., 2013. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of Karoon River water using NSFWQI Index and AHP method. Journal of Human and Environment, Vol. 10, pp. 13-22. (In Persian)
11. Madadinia, M., Monavari, M. Karbassi, A.R., Nabavi, M.B., Rajabzadeh, E., 2014. Study on water quality of Karoun River (Ahvaz region) using water quality index. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 16, pp. 49-60. (In Persian)
12. Said, A., Stevens, D.K., Sehlke, G., 2004. An innovative index for evaluating water quality in streams. Environmental management, Vol. 34, pp. 406-414.
13. Simões, F.D.S., Moreira ,A.B., Bisinoti, M.C., Gimenez, S.M.N., Yabe, M.J.S., 20018. Water quality index as a simple indicator of aquaculture effects on aquatic bodies. Ecological Indicators, Vol. 8, pp. 476-484.
14. Kannel, P.R., Lee, S., Lee, Y.S., Kanel, S.R., Khan, S.P., 2007. Application of water quality indices and dissolved oxygen as indicators for river water classification and urban impact assessment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 132, pp. 93-110.
15. Koçer, M.A.T., Sevgili, H., 2014. Parameters selection for water quality index in the assessment of the environmental impacts of land-based trout farms. Ecological Indicators, Vol. 36, pp. 672-681.
16. Dehnavi, A., Taheri, R., 2017. A new strategy to reduce factors number in water quality measurements using Taguchi method-case study: the Karaj River. Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 60, pp. 106-113.
17. Mohamed, I., Othman, F., Ibrahim, A.I., Alaa-Eldin, M., Yunus, R.M., 2015. Assessment of water quality parameters using multivariate analysis for Klang River basin, Malaysia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 187(1), pp. 1-12.
18. Kazi, T.G., Arain, M.B., Jamali, M.K., Jalbani, N., Afridi, H.I., Sarfraz R.A., Baig, J.A., Shah, A.Q., 2009. Assessment of water quality of polluted lake using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol. 72, pp.301-309.
19. Kaviarasan, M., Geetha, P., Soman, K., 2015. Multivariate statistical technique for the assessment of ground water quality in Coonoor Taluk, Nilgiri District, Tamilnadu, India. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 8, pp. 2-6.
20. Kuruppu, U., Rahman, A., Haque, M., Kader, F., Sathasivan, A. , Water quality investigation in the Hawkesbury-Nepean River in Sydney using principal component analysis. Proceedings of the 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013), 1-6 December 2013, Adelaide, South Australia.
21. Nazir, H.M., Hussain, I., Zafar, M.I., Ali, Z., AbdEl-Salam, N.M., 2016. Classification of drinking water quality index and identification of significant factors. Water Resources Management, Vol. 30, pp. 4233-4246.
22. Loi, J.X., Chua, A.S. M., Rabuni, M.F., Tan, C K., Lai, S.H., Takemura, Y., & Syutsubo, K., 2022. Water quality assessment and pollution threat to safe water supply for three river basins in Malaysia. Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 832.
23. American Public Health Association (APHA), 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21 ed., American Public Health Association, USA.
24. Water Research Center, Monitoring the quality of surface waters: calculating NSF Water Quality Index ,2018. Available in: https://www.water-research.net/index.php/water-treatment/water-monitoring/monitoring-the-quality-of-surfacewaters.
25. Deghles, A., Kurt, U., 2016. Treatment of raw tannery wastewater by electrocoagulation technique: optimization of effective parameters using Taguchi method. Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 57, pp. 14798-14809.
26. Yen, H.Y., Li, J.Y., 2015. Process optimization for Ni (II) removal from wastewater by calcined oyster shell powders using Taguchi method. Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 161, pp. 344-349.
27. Yang, T.M., Hsu, N.S., Chiu, C.C., Wang, H.J., 2014. Applying the Taguchi method to river water pollution remediation strategy optimization. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 11(4), pp. 4108-4124.
28. Roy, R.K., 2001. Design of experiments using the Taguchi approach, 1st Ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc. ,USA.
29. Nong, X., Shao, D., Zhong, H., & Liang, J. 2020. Evaluation of water quality in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China using the water quality index (WQI) method. Water research, Vol. 178.