ارزیابی اثرات توسعه بر محیط‌زیست شهرستان طرقبه شاندیز با به‌کارگیری مدل تخریب
محورهای موضوعی :
ارزیابی پی آمدهای محیط زیستی
سحر حیدری مستعلی
1
,
بهمن جباریان امیری
2
,
افشین علیزاده شعبانی
3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران
2 - دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران*(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/09/23
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/20
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/11/01
کلید واژه:
مدل تخریب,
آسیب‌پذیری اکولوژیک,
ارزیابی اثرات توسعه,
شهرستان طرقبه شاندیز,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: مدل تخریب از جمله روش های ارزیابی اثرات محیط زیستی است که اثرات فعالیت های انسانی را به صورت کمی بیان می کند. هدف از به کارگیری این مدل، شناسایی عوامل تخریب و درجه آسیب پذیری بوم سازگان ها به منظور پیش گیری از تخریب آتی توسط پروژه های دیگر و نشان دادن امکان توسعه در آینده، به تصمیم گیرندگان است.
روش بررسی: نخست محدوده شهرستان به 94 شبکه کاری 1600 هکتاری تقسیم و با استفاده از نقشه کاربری سرزمین، مشاهدات میدانی و نظرات کارشناسی، تعداد 14 عامل تخریب شناسایی و شدت آن ها تعیین شد. سپس، آسیب پذیری اکولوژیک و تراکم فیزیولوژیک محاسبه و پس از آن با استفاده از رابطه تخریب، ضرایب تخریب به دست آمد. درنهایت کلیه شبکه ها بر اساس نظریه فازی به 4 پهنه با توانایی توسعه بیش تر، نیازمند بازسازی، نیازمند حفاظت و غیر قابل توسعه تقسیم شدند.
یافته ها: طبق نتایج نهایی از مجموع 94 شبکه، 22 شبکه که معادل 40/23 درصد مساحت شهرستان است، نیازمند بازسازی، 37 شبکه که معادل 36/39 درصد مساحت شهرستان است، غیر قابل توسعه و 35 شبکه نیز که 22/37 درصد مساحت شهرستان را به خود اختصاص می دهد، مستعد توسعه هستند.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: اثرات فعالیت های مخرب (که عمدتا اثرات مخرب ناشی از فعالیت های گردش گری) در منطقه بارز بوده به طوری که فعالیت های مخربی نظیر تغییر کاربری از یک سو و از سوی دیگر زباله ریزی و آلودگی رودخانه ها به منطقه از عوامل اصلی تخریبند. از مجموع 94 شبکه، 21 شبکه به دلیل وجود گسل ها و 16 شبکه به دلیل قرار گرفتن در محدوده منطقه حفاظت شده بینالود، غیر قابل توسعه می باشند. 35 شبکه دارای اولویت های اول تا سوم توسعه هستندکه دارای تراکم فیزیولوژیک پایین بوده و 22 شبکه نیز به دلیل تراکم فیزیولوژیک بالا و شدت زیاد عوامل مخرب، دارای ضرایب تخریب بالا بوده و نیازمند بازسازی هستند؛ لذا باید از هرگونه توسعه بدون برنامه ریزی در آینده در این قسمت ها، خودداری شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and purpose: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represent the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is identifying vulnerability factors and destruction of ecosystems, to prevent further destruction by other project and also to show feasibility of future development to decision markers.
Method: first The study area was partitioned into 94 cells, 1600 ha each and then Fourteen degradation factors were identified along with their intensity using land use map, field observations and expert views. So the determination of ecological susceptibility and physiological density was determined and all cells were classified to 4 categories: recommended for development, zones that require reconstruction, protection and cells hadn't development potential based on fuzzy theory.
Results: The results show that from 94 cells, 22 cells (23.40% of the total area) require reconstruction, 37 cells (39.36% of total area) have no development potential, and 35 cells (37.22% of total area) are recommended for development.
Discussion and Conclusion: The effects of destructive activities (which are mainly destructive effects of tourism activities) in the region are obvious, so that destructive activities such as land use change and river pollution to the region on the one hand. They are the main causes of destruction of the 94 cell, 21 cell due to faults and 16 cell due to being in the Binalood protected area, have no development potential. 35 cell are recommended for development in first to third priorities, these cells are in low physiological density area and 22 cell due to high physiological density and severity destructive agents has a high degradation coefficient and need to be reconstructed, and therefore any future development in this area, should be excluded.
منابع و مأخذ:
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World Bank, 1997. World Development Report 1997: the State in a Changing World, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Chamani, A. Makhdoum, M. Khorasani, N. Jafari, M. Cheraghchi, M. 2005. Environmental impact assessment on Hamedan province with the application of the degradation model, Environmental science, No. 37: pp. 35-44. (In Persian).
Jabbarian Amiri, B. 1998, Environmental Impact assessment of Amirkabir hydroelectric dam with the use of environmental degradation model, Iranian Energy Quarterly, No. 5: pp. 17-27. (In Persian).
Yar Ali, N. Soltani, A. Jafari, A. Mafi, D. Mahmoudi, M. 2010. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on Oshtrankouh protected area using degradation Model, Journal of Environmental Research, No. 1: pp. 22-13. (In Persian).
Yazdian, F. Faghihi Nasiri, L. and Kiapasha. Kh. 2012. A study of the effects of environmental tourism on the Namak -Abroud forest using the degradation model, Iran Forest Journal, No. 2: pp. 121-113. (In Persian).
Jahani, A. Noei, F. 2007. A study of factors affecting rural-urban Migration in Torqabeh Vvllage, Journal of Geographical Sciences, No. 7 and 8: pp. 141-124. (In Persian).
Jabbarian Amiri, B. 1998. Introducing an object-oriented method for determining the ecological vulnerability of ecosystems, Journal of Environmental Studies, No. 21 and 22: pp. 68-57 (In Persian).
Makhdoum, M. Mansouri, M. 1999. Investigation and recognition of Environmental Impact Assessment on Hormozgan province by degradation model, Environmental Journal. No. 23: pp. 57-49. (In Persian).
Jafari, H. 2001. Systematic application of degradation model in evaluating the effects of development on the Latian Dam Watershed, Ecology, No. 27: pp. 110-120. (In Persian).
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Saeedi, A. and Soltani, R. 2013. The role of second houses in tourism and capital flow in rural areas (Case: Binalood District of Khorasan Razavi), Journal of Geography, No. 36: pp. 53-33 (In Persian).
Azadi, A. Javan Doloee, Gh. Hafezi Moghaddas, N. Hesami, KH. 2009, Geological, geotechnical and geophysical characteristics of Toos fault in the north of Mashhad, Journal of Earth Physics and Space, No. 4: pp. 34-17. (In Persian).
Ghannadan, A. Almasian, M. Ghaemi, F. and Naderi, N. 2009. Structural analysis of the southern district of Mashhad with a special attitude on the Sang-Bast-Shandiz fault system, Zamin 1 Quarterly: pp 106-97. (In Persian).
Behniafar, A. and Mansouri Daneshvar, M. 2009. Landslide risk assessment area in the northwest territories of Binalood zone (Case Study: Shandiz Mountain range in the northwest of Mashhad), Journal of Geographical Perspective, No. 5: pp. 45-23. (In Persian).
Alizadeh, K. 2003. Effects of tourist presence on environmental resources (Case: Torqabeh Section in Mashhad), Journal of Geographical Research, No. 44: pp. 70-55 (In Persian).
Diamantis, D and Ladkin, A. 1999. The links between sustainable tourism and ecotourism: a definition and operational perspective. Journal of Tourism Studies, Vol.10, No. 2, PP. 35-46.
Connell, J. Page. S. and Bentley, T. 2009. Towards sustainable tourism planning in New Zealand: Monitoring local government planning under the Resource Management Act. Journal of Tourism management, Vol. 30, PP. 867-877.
Ghaffari, R. 2007. Tourism and sustainable urban development, Sepehr 63 Quarterly: pp. 34-29 (In Persian).
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Makhdoom, M. 2006. Fundamental of landuse planning, 7th Edition, University of Tehran, 300pp (In Persian).
Golusin, M. Munitlak Ivanovic, O. and Teodorovic, N. 2011. The review of the achieved degree of sustainable development in South Eastern Europe-The use of linear regression method, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, No. 15, pp. 766-772.
Bruhn-Tysk, S. Eklund, M. 2002. Environmental impact asses Sment: a tool for sustainable development? a case study of biofuelled energy plants in Sweden, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, No. 22, pp. 129-144.
Jay, S. jones, C. Slinn, P and Wood, CH. 2007. Environmental impact assessment: Retrospect and prospect, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, No. 27, pp. 287-300.
Momtaz, S. 2002. Environmental impact assessment in Bangladesh: A critical review. Environmental Impact Assessment, No. 22, pp. 163-179.
Cashmore, M. 2004.The role of science in environmental impact assessment: process and procedure versus purpose in the development of theory. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, No. 24, pp.403- 426.
Appiah-Opoku, S. 2001. Environmental impact assessment in developing countries: the case of Ghana. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, No. 21, pp. 59- 71.
Wood, CH. 2003. Environmental impact assessment in developing countries: an overview, Conference on new directions in impact assessment for development: methods and practice, pp. 1-28.
Dabiri, F. Kiani, M. 2007. A Study of Preventive laws and regulations, including evaluation of environmental impacts in Iran and several industrial countries, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, No. 4: pp. 109-95 (In Persian).
World Bank, 1997. World Development Report 1997: the State in a Changing World, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Chamani, A. Makhdoum, M. Khorasani, N. Jafari, M. Cheraghchi, M. 2005. Environmental impact assessment on Hamedan province with the application of the degradation model, Environmental science, No. 37: pp. 35-44. (In Persian).
Jabbarian Amiri, B. 1998, Environmental Impact assessment of Amirkabir hydroelectric dam with the use of environmental degradation model, Iranian Energy Quarterly, No. 5: pp. 17-27. (In Persian).
Yar Ali, N. Soltani, A. Jafari, A. Mafi, D. Mahmoudi, M. 2010. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on Oshtrankouh protected area using degradation Model, Journal of Environmental Research, No. 1: pp. 22-13. (In Persian).
Yazdian, F. Faghihi Nasiri, L. and Kiapasha. Kh. 2012. A study of the effects of environmental tourism on the Namak -Abroud forest using the degradation model, Iran Forest Journal, No. 2: pp. 121-113. (In Persian).
Jahani, A. Noei, F. 2007. A study of factors affecting rural-urban Migration in Torqabeh Vvllage, Journal of Geographical Sciences, No. 7 and 8: pp. 141-124. (In Persian).
Jabbarian Amiri, B. 1998. Introducing an object-oriented method for determining the ecological vulnerability of ecosystems, Journal of Environmental Studies, No. 21 and 22: pp. 68-57 (In Persian).
Makhdoum, M. Mansouri, M. 1999. Investigation and recognition of Environmental Impact Assessment on Hormozgan province by degradation model, Environmental Journal. No. 23: pp. 57-49. (In Persian).
Jafari, H. 2001. Systematic application of degradation model in evaluating the effects of development on the Latian Dam Watershed, Ecology, No. 27: pp. 110-120. (In Persian).
Safaeian, N. Shokri, M. and Jabbarian Amiri, B. 2002. Determination of ecological vulnerability in the southern ecosystems of the Caspian Sea, Ecology, No. 29: pp. 50-45. (In Persian).
Saeedi, A. and Soltani, R. 2013. The role of second houses in tourism and capital flow in rural areas (Case: Binalood District of Khorasan Razavi), Journal of Geography, No. 36: pp. 53-33 (In Persian).
Azadi, A. Javan Doloee, Gh. Hafezi Moghaddas, N. Hesami, KH. 2009, Geological, geotechnical and geophysical characteristics of Toos fault in the north of Mashhad, Journal of Earth Physics and Space, No. 4: pp. 34-17. (In Persian).
Ghannadan, A. Almasian, M. Ghaemi, F. and Naderi, N. 2009. Structural analysis of the southern district of Mashhad with a special attitude on the Sang-Bast-Shandiz fault system, Zamin 1 Quarterly: pp 106-97. (In Persian).
Behniafar, A. and Mansouri Daneshvar, M. 2009. Landslide risk assessment area in the northwest territories of Binalood zone (Case Study: Shandiz Mountain range in the northwest of Mashhad), Journal of Geographical Perspective, No. 5: pp. 45-23. (In Persian).
Alizadeh, K. 2003. Effects of tourist presence on environmental resources (Case: Torqabeh Section in Mashhad), Journal of Geographical Research, No. 44: pp. 70-55 (In Persian).
Diamantis, D and Ladkin, A. 1999. The links between sustainable tourism and ecotourism: a definition and operational perspective. Journal of Tourism Studies, Vol.10, No. 2, PP. 35-46.
Connell, J. Page. S. and Bentley, T. 2009. Towards sustainable tourism planning in New Zealand: Monitoring local government planning under the Resource Management Act. Journal of Tourism management, Vol. 30, PP. 867-877.
Ghaffari, R. 2007. Tourism and sustainable urban development, Sepehr 63 Quarterly: pp. 34-29 (In Persian).
