ارائه راهبردهای محیطزیستی جادههای جنگلی با استفاده از روش SWOT
محورهای موضوعی : ارزیابی پی آمدهای محیط زیستییونس گراوند 1 , سید محسن حسینی 2 , اکبر نجفی 3 , سامره فلاحتکار 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری_ جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران.
2 - استاد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران.
4 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران.
کلید واژه: ارزیابی محیطزیستی, برنامهریزی استراتژیک, SWOT, جاده جنگلی, لاویج.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: پروژههای جادهسازی ازجمله پروژههایی هستند که دامنه وسیعی از آثار مثبت و منفی بر اقتصاد، اجتماع و محیطزیست بر جای میگذارند. ارزیابی اثرات محیط زیستی یکی از راههای دستیابی به نتایج مثبت و منفی حاصل از این قبیل پروژهها است. هدف از انجام این تحقیق ارزیابی و ارائه راهبردهای محیط زیستی در ارتباط با جادههای جنگلی سری 1 و 2 طرح جنگلداری لاویج واقع در استان مازندران است.
روش بررسی: در این تحقیق برای ارزیابی اثرات محیطزیستی قبل، حین و بعد از ساخت جادههای جنگلی از روش SWOT استفاده شد. به همین منظور پرسشنامهای بر اساس عوامل داخلی (قوتها و ضعفها) و عوامل خارجی (فرصتها و تهدیدها) تهیه شد. روایی این پرسشنامهها توسط اساتید و متخصصان حوزه مربوطه مورد تأئید قرار گرفت و برای حصول نتایج مناسب در اختیار 15 نفر از کارشناسان متخصص در زمینه جنگلداری و مهندسی جنگل قرار گرفت.
یافتهها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که بهترین راهبرد ممکن جهت مدیریت محیطزیستی منطقه در هر سه مرحله راهبرد تهاجمی میباشد. علاوه بر این جهت مدیریت محیط زیستی منطقه سه راهبرد: تنوع بخشیدن به گونههای گیاهی و جانوری و جاذبههای گردشگری، ایجاد اشتغال برای جوامع محلی و افزایش درآمد جنگل نشینان و جوامع مجاور و درنهایت فراهم آوردن زندگی سالم و فعال برای جوامع محلی بهعنوان مهمترین راهبردها در این سه مرحله معرفی شدند
بحث و نتیجهگیری: مطالعه حاضر با در نظر گرفتن نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصتها و تهدیدها موجود در منطقه سعی در ارائه راهبردهایی داشت که به بهترین شکل نقاط ضعف را به قوت و تهدیدها را به فرصت تبدیل کند که این امر با ارائه راهبردهای تهاجمی میسر خواهد شد. همچنین در این پژوهش مشخص گردید که ساخت جادههای جنگلی تاثیر بسزایی بر اقتصاد و اجتماع جوامع محلی دارد به طوری که ایجاد اشتغال، افزایش درآمد، توسعه زیرساختها، ارتقای سواد، افزایش مشارکت، جلوگیری از مهاجرت و آگاهی بخشی جوامع محلی ازجمله تاثیرات مثبت ساخت جادههای جنگلی است.
Background and Objectives: Road construction projects involve among projects with a broad ranges of wide range of positive and negative effects on the economy, society and the environment leave. Environmental Impact Assessment is one of the ways to achieve positive and negative results from such projects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and present environmental strategies in relation to forest roads of district 1 and 2 of Lavij forestry project located in Mazandaran province.
Material and Methodology: In this study, SWOT method was used to environmental impact assessment the before, during and after of the forest roads construction. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared based on internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats). The validity of these questionnaires was confirmed by professors and experts in the relevant field and was filled by 15 experts in the field of forestry and forest engineering to obtain appropriate results.
Finding: The results of research showed that the invasive strategy is the best possible strategy for environmental management of the region in all three stages. In addition, for the environmental management of the region, three strategies: diversifying the plant and animal species and tourist attractions, creating employment for local communities and increasing the income of forest dwellers and neighboring communities, and finally providing healthy and active life for local communities as the most important strategies in these three phases were introduced.
Discussion and conclusion: The present study, taking into account the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the region, tried to present strategies that best turn weaknesses into strengths and threats into opportunities, which will be possible by providing invasive strategy. Also in this study it was found that the forest roads construction have a significant impact on the economy and social of local communities so that Creating employment, increasing income, development infrastructures, improve education, enhancement participation, prevent migration and raise awareness of local communities, including the positive effects of forest roads construction.
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