اثرات محیط‌زیستی تولید سیب زمینی در استان همدان با روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات
محورهای موضوعی :
ارزیابی پی آمدهای محیط زیستی
مجید دکامین
1
(استادیار گروه ژنتیک و تولیدگیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، همدان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
احسان خدارضایی
2
(دانشجوی دکتری کشاورزی اکولوژیک، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران، تهران، ایران.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1402/06/10
تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/07/10
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/07/01
کلید واژه:
نهاده کشاورزی,
چرخه حیات,
سیب زمینی,
تولید پایدار,
اثرات محیط زیستی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: در سال های اخیر بحث بر سر پایداری محیط زیستی تولیدات کشاورزی به‌طور گسترده ای افزایش‌یافته است. در این راستا اثرات محیط زیستی تولید سیب زمینی در استان همدان (بزرگ‌ترین تولیدکننده سیب‌زمینی) بررسی شد.روش بررسی: در این مطالعه از روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات برای شناسایی اثرات محیط زیستی استفاده شد. اطلاعات در شهرستان نهاوند و سال 1400-1399 از طریق پرسشنامه و مصاحبه حضوری با کشاورز جمع آوری شد. ارزیابی اثر بر اساس روش CML IA انجام شد و اثرات محیط زیستی برای گروه های تاثیر پتانسیل تخلیه منابع سوخت فسیلی، پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی، پتانسیل اسیدی شدن،پتانسیل اختناق دریاچه ای و پتانسیل سمیت برای انسان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. واحد عملکردی تولید یک تن سیب زمینی مدنظر قرار گرفت.یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد به ازای تولید هر تن سیب زمینی MJ75/1774 انرژی مصرف می شود و معادل kg CO252/125، kg SO204/5، kg PO4 34/1 و kg1,4-DB4/69 آلاینده به محیط وارد می شود که به ترتیب در طبقات اثر پتانسیل تخلیه منابع سوخت فسیلی، پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی، پتانسیل اسیدی شدن، پتانسیل مغذی شدن دریاجه و پتانسیل سمیت برای انسان نقش دارند.بحث و نتیجه گیری: تجزیه و تحلیل نشان داد فرآیند تولید کودهای شیمیایی و الکتریسیته بالاترین نقش را در طبقه اثرهای گرمایش جهانی، تخلیه سوخت های فسیلی و سمیت برای انسان داشتند. انتشارات مستقیم از مزرعه به علت انتشار ترکیبات نیتروژن و فسفر ناشی از کودها، بیشترین تأثیر را در مغذی شدن دریاجه و اسیدی شدن داشت.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: In recent years, the debate over the environmental sustainability of agricultural productions is increased widely. In this context, environmental impacts of potato production in the Hamadan province (the largest producer of potatoes in Iran) were studied.Material and Methodology: In this research, life cycle assessment approach was used to identify and reduce environmental impacts. Data were collected by face to face interview with farmers in Nahavand (2020-2021). The CML IA method was selected to impact assessment. The environmental impact were assessed for impact categories including involved the global warming potential, depletion of fossil fuel resources potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential and human toxicity potential. Producing one ton of potatoes was determined as a functional unit.Findings: The results showed that the production of one-ton potato consumes 1774.75 MJ energy. It emits 125.52 kg CO2eq, 5.04 kg SO2eq, 1.34 kg PO4eq, 69.4 kg 1,4-DBeq that respectively are involved the global warming potential, depletion of fossil fuel resources potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential and human toxicity potential.Discussion and Conclusion: The analyses revealed that the production of chemical fertilizers and electricity had highest effects on global warming, depletion of fossil fuels and human toxicity. Also, direct emissions from the field because of nitrogen and phosphoric compound in fertilizers had highest effects on eutrophication and acidification.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Khoshnevisan, B., Rafiee, S., Omid, M., Mousazadeh, H. and Rajaeifar, M.A., 2014. Application of artificial neural networks for prediction of output energy and GHG emissions in potato production in Iran. Agricultural Systems, 123, pp.120-127.
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Hauschild, M., 2000. Estimating pesticide emissions for LCA of agricultural products. Agricultural data for life cycle assessments, 70.
Sahle, A., Potting, J., 2013. Environmental life cycle assessment of Ethiopian rosecultivation. Science of the Total Environment 443, pp. 163–172.
Pishgar-Komleh, S. H., Ghahderijani, M., Sefeedpari, P., 2012. Energy consumption and CO2 emissions analysis of potato production based on different farm size levels in Iran. Journal of Cleaner production, 33, pp. 183-191.
Esmaeilpour, B., Khorramdel, S., Amin Ghafuri, A., 2015. Environmental impact of production systems potatoes in Iran based on nitrogen fertilizer use life cycle assessment. Volume VIII, pp. 224-199.
Knudsen, M. T., Yu-Hui, Q., Yan, L., Halberg, N., 2010. Environmental assessment of organic soybean (Glycine max) imported from China to Denmark: a case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 1814), pp. 1431-1439.
Wang, M., Shi, Y., Xia, X., Li, D., Chen, Q., 2013. Life-cycle energy efficiency and environmental impacts of bioethanol production from sweet potato. Bioresource technology, 133, pp. 285-292.
Khoshnevisan, B., Rafiee, S., Omid, M., Mousazadeh, H., Sefeedpari, P., 2013. Prognostication of environmental indices in potato production using artificial neural networks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 52, pp. 402-409.
Dekamin, M., Barmaki, M., Kanooni, A. and Mosavi, R., 2019. Environmental impact assessment of Soybean cultivation in Ardabil farms. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(8), pp.175-184.
Dekamin, M. and Barmaki, M., 2018. Selecting the best environmental friendly oilseed crop by using Life Cycle Assessment, water footprint and analytic hierarchy process methods. Journal of Cleaner Production, 198, pp.1239-1250.
Dekamin, M., Barmaki, M., Kanooni, A. and Meshkini, S.R.M., 2018. Cradle to farm gate life cycle assessment of oilseed crops production in Iran. Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 11(4), pp.178-185.
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Sanjuan-Delmás, D., Llorach-Massana, P., Nadal, A., Ercilla-Montserrat, M., Muñoz, P., Montero, J.I., Josa, A., Gabarrell, X. and Rieradevall, J., 2018. Environmental assessment of an integrated rooftop greenhouse for food production in cities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 177, pp.326-337.
Afshar, R.K. and Dekamin, M., 2022. Sustainability assessment of corn production in conventional and conservation tillage systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 351, p.131508.
Dekamin, M., Kheiralipour, K. and Afshar, R.K., 2022. Energy, economic, and environmental assessment of coriander seed production using material flow cost accounting and life cycle assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(55), pp.83469-83482.
Esmaeilpour, B., Khorramdel, S., Amin Ghafuri, A., 2015. Environmental impact of production systems potatoes in Iran based on nitrogen fertilizer use life cycle assessment. Volume VIII, pp. 224-199.
Pineda, I.T., Lee, Y.D., Kim, Y.S., Lee, S.M. and Park, K.S., 2021. Review of inventory data in life cycle assessment applied in production of fresh tomato in greenhouse. Journal of Cleaner Production, 282, p.124395.
Khoshnevisan, B., Rafiee, S., Omid, M., Mousazadeh, H. and Rajaeifar, M.A., 2014. Application of artificial neural networks for prediction of output energy and GHG emissions in potato production in Iran. Agricultural Systems, 123, pp.120-127.
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)., 2021. http://www.fao.org
, 2006a. 14040 international standards. Environmental management-life cycle assessment-requirements and guidelines. International Organisation for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Brentrup, F., Küsters, J., Kuhlmann, H., and Lammel, J., 2004. Environmental impact assessment of agricultural production systems using the life cycle assessment methodology: I. Theoretical concept of a LCA method tailored to crop production. European Journal of Agronomy, 20(3), pp. 247-264.
, 2006. IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. In: Eggleston, H.S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T., Tanabe, K. (Eds.), Prepared by the NationalGreenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. IGES, Japan.
Hauschild, M., 2000. Estimating pesticide emissions for LCA of agricultural products. Agricultural data for life cycle assessments, 70.
Sahle, A., Potting, J., 2013. Environmental life cycle assessment of Ethiopian rosecultivation. Science of the Total Environment 443, pp. 163–172.
Pishgar-Komleh, S. H., Ghahderijani, M., Sefeedpari, P., 2012. Energy consumption and CO2 emissions analysis of potato production based on different farm size levels in Iran. Journal of Cleaner production, 33, pp. 183-191.
Esmaeilpour, B., Khorramdel, S., Amin Ghafuri, A., 2015. Environmental impact of production systems potatoes in Iran based on nitrogen fertilizer use life cycle assessment. Volume VIII, pp. 224-199.
Knudsen, M. T., Yu-Hui, Q., Yan, L., Halberg, N., 2010. Environmental assessment of organic soybean (Glycine max) imported from China to Denmark: a case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 1814), pp. 1431-1439.
Wang, M., Shi, Y., Xia, X., Li, D., Chen, Q., 2013. Life-cycle energy efficiency and environmental impacts of bioethanol production from sweet potato. Bioresource technology, 133, pp. 285-292.
Khoshnevisan, B., Rafiee, S., Omid, M., Mousazadeh, H., Sefeedpari, P., 2013. Prognostication of environmental indices in potato production using artificial neural networks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 52, pp. 402-409.
Dekamin, M., Barmaki, M., Kanooni, A. and Mosavi, R., 2019. Environmental impact assessment of Soybean cultivation in Ardabil farms. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(8), pp.175-184.
Dekamin, M. and Barmaki, M., 2018. Selecting the best environmental friendly oilseed crop by using Life Cycle Assessment, water footprint and analytic hierarchy process methods. Journal of Cleaner Production, 198, pp.1239-1250.
Dekamin, M., Barmaki, M., Kanooni, A. and Meshkini, S.R.M., 2018. Cradle to farm gate life cycle assessment of oilseed crops production in Iran. Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 11(4), pp.178-185.
