مقایسه پرتوهای گاما و اشعه ماورای بنفش در کنترل رشد مجدد میکروارگانیسم ها در پساب فاضلاب شهری

محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست

امیر حسین مداح ¹ , مارال خدادادی ^{2 *} , ساناز خرمی پور ³

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع طبیعی، آلودگی‌های محیط زیست، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار پژوهشکده کشاورزی هسته‌ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، کرج، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران غرب، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/02/09 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/04/27 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/07/01

کلید واژه: ﭘﺴﺎب شهری, پرتوهای یونیزان, گندزدایی, رشد مجدد میکروبی, پرتوهای غیر یونیزان,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: استفاده از پساب فاضلاب به منظور کشاورزی به دلیل کمبود شدید منابع آب در ایران، اجتناب ناپذیر شده است. گندزدایی یکی از مراحل مهم در تصفیه آب است. هر چند فن آوری های گندزدایی رایج مانند کلرزنی می توانند به طور موثری عوامل بیماریزای میکروبی را کنترل کنند، لیکن محصولات ناخواسته گندزدایی را ایجاد می کنند که سمی و سرطان زا هستند. هدف مطالعه حاضر مقایسه کارایی گندزدایی و کنترل رشد مجدد آلودگی زیستی ﭘﺴﺎب ﻓﺎﺿﻼب شهری با استفاده از تیمار‌های ﭘﺮﺗﻮ گاما و اشعه ماوراءبنفش می باشد. روش بررسی: نمونه پساب ثانویه‌ (قبل از واحد کلرزنی) از تصفیه‌خانه تهران جنوب جمع‌آوری شد. از دزهای پرتو گاما 5/0، 1، 2، 4 و 6 کیلوگری استفاده شد. سیستم‌ گندزدایی اشعه ماورای بنفش با حجم راکتور 1 لیتر ساخته شد. کارایی گندزدایی بر اساس تعیین ‌شمارش کل کلنی و کلیفرم کل ارزیابی شد. جهت ارزیابی رشد مجدد میکروبی نمونه‌ها در دمای 22درجه سانتی گراد و 100 دور در دقیقه در محل تاریک به مدت سه روز انکوبه شدند. یافته ها: تعداد کلیفرم کل در شروع آزمایش در همه دزهای پرتو گاما صفر بود. لیکن در دزهای کمتر از 2 کیلوگری رشد مجدد کلیفرم کل مشاهده شد. در تیمار اشعه ماورای بنفش شدت جریان ورودی، در زمان شروع آزمایش در شدت جریان کم بیشترین کارایی گندزدایی وجود داشت. لیکن با گذشت سه روز در همه شدت جریان ها جمعیت کلیفرم کل از حد مجاز بیشتر بود. بحث و نتیجه گیری: پرتوتابی گاما می‌تواند به عنوان یک تکنیک موثر نسبت به روش‌ ماورای بنفش جهت گندزدایی بدون رشد مجدد میکروبی به کار رود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective:Due to the severe shortage of water resources in Iran, the application of wastewater effluent for agriculture has become inevitable. Disinfection is one of the crucial steps in water treatment. Common disinfection technologies such as chlorination can effectively control microbial pathogens; however, undesirable disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are known to be toxic and carcinogenic. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare disinfection efficiency and regrowth control of microorganisms in urban wastewater effluent using gamma radiation and Ultra Violet treatments. Method: The pre-disinfection effluent (before chlorination unit) was collected from south Tehran wastewater treatment plant, Tehran, Iran. The applied gamma radiation doses were 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 kGy. UV disinfection systems were developed using a reactor with 1 L of liquid volume. The disinfection efficiency was evaluated based on the total colony count and total Coliform. For bacterial regrowth evaluation, the samples were incubated at 22 ◦C, 100rpm for three days in dark condition. Findings: The number of total Coliform in all gamma ray doses was zero at the beginning of the experiment. The re-growth of total Coliform was observed at doses less than 2 kGy. In the treatment of ultraviolet radiation, at the beginning of the experiment, the lowest flow rate had the highest disinfection efficiency. However, after three days, the total Coliform population was higher than the allowed limit in all of the inflow rates. Discussion and Conclusion: Gamma radiation can be applied as an effective alternative technique to UV treatment for disinfection processes without bacterial regrowth.

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