بررسی آلودگی آب زیرزمینی محدوده پالایشگاه شازند به BTEX و MTBE
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی صنعتی
عبدالرضا واعظی هیر
1
(عضو هیأت علمی گروه علوم زمین، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران)
ساناز قبادیان
2
(کارشناس ارشد آب‌شناسی، گروه علوم زمین، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز،ایران)
علیرضا گلمحمدی
3
(رئیس محیط زیست پالایشگاه نفت امام خمینی شازند، اراک، ایران)
کلید واژه: آلودگی آب زیرزمینی, MTBE, BTEX, استاندارد آب شرب و آبیاری, پالایشگاه شازند,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: پالایشگاه شازند به عنوان بزرگ ترین واحد تولید بنزین در خاورمیانه در فاصله 22 کیلومتری جنوب غربی اراک و در شمال شرقی دشت شازند قرار گرفته است. به دلیل وجود تأسیسات پالایشی، مخازن متعدد نگهداری نفت خام و فرآورده های نفتی، خطوط لوله انتقال فراوده های نفتی مربوط به پالایشگاه شازند، احتمال نشت مواد آلاینده از مخازن و لوله ها به محیط خاک و آب زیرزمینی وجود دارد. آبخوان دشت شازند از نوع آزاد و متشکل از رسوبات آبرفتی دانه درشت بوده و جهت جریان از پالایشگاه به سمت چاه های کشاورزی، مرکز دشت می باشد. بنابراین، آلودگی آب زیرزمینی ناشی از آلاینده های نفتی پالایشگاه شازند مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش، از 16 حلقه چاه در منطقه مورد مطالعه نمونه برداری در خرداد ماه 1394 صورت گرفت و جهت تجزیه و تحلیل به آزمایشگاه ارسال گردید. آزمایش ترکیبات BTEX و MTBE براساس روش گازکروماتوگرافی با آشکارساز یونیزاسیون شعله ای (GC-FID) [1] انجام شد. جهت بررسی آلودگی منطقه مورد مطالعه، نتایج حاصل از آنالیز ترکیبات BTEX و MTBE با استانداردهای معتبر آب شرب و کشاورزی مقایسه گردید. یافته ها: نتایج نشان دهنده آلوده بودن 6 حلقه چاه واقع در قسمت شرق و جنوب پالایشگاه و شرق و شمال شرقی پتروشیمی نسبت به ترکیبات BTEX و MTBE است. بخشی از آلودگی های موجود در آب زیرزمینی منشأ جوی داشته و از طریق نزولات جوی وارد آب زیرزمینی منطقه شده است و بخش دیگر مربوط به نشت از تأسیسات، مخازن و خطوط انتقال می باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به آلودگی موجود در منطقه و آلودگی های احتمالی دیگر، پیشنهاد می شود پیش از هر اقدام برای پاک سازی، منشأ دقیق آلودگی شناسایی و با توجه به شرایط منطقه و نظرات کارشناسی روش مناسب جهت پاک سازی منطقه انتخاب گردد. [1] -Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector
Background and Purpose: Shazand oil refinery, as the biggest producer of gasoline in the Middle East, is located 22 km to the Southwest of Arak and the Northeast of Shazand plain. Due to presence of various storage tanks of crude oil and oil products, processing unites and conveyance lines of oil products, it is very possible the leakage of pollution from tanks and conveyance lines into the soil and groundwater. Shazand plain aquifer is an unconfined and consists of coarse-grained alluvial deposits with a flow direction from the refinery to the agriculture wells which are located at the center of plain. Hence, groundwater contamination, which was resulted from the oil pollution of Shazand refinery was investigated. Material and Method: In this study, 16 wells were sampled in study area on Jun 2015 and they delivered to laboratory for analyzing. Compound BTEX and MTBE analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID[1]). To investigate contamination in study area, results of analyses of BTEX and MTBE were compared with valid standards of drinking and agriculture water. Result: The results show that 6 wells are polluted at the East and South of refinery and the east and Northeast of petrochemical complex. A part of the groundwater contamination was due to atmospheric washout and the other part relates to leak from utilities, tanks and conveyance lines. Discussion & Conclusion: Considering the already existing and the other possible forms of contamination in the area, it is proposed that before taking, the exact source of contamination be identified and proper measures to clean the area be chosen based on expert opinion.
1. Cupers C., Pancras T., Grotenhuis T., Rulkens W., 2002. The estimation of PAH bioavailability in contaminated sediments using hydroxypropyl-b-cylodextrin and triton x-100 extraction techniques. Chemosphere, Vol. 46, pp. 1235-1245.
2. Fels, J., 1999. Source-identification investigations of petroleum contaminated groundwater in the Missouri Ozarks. Engineering Geology, Vol, 52, pp. 3–13.
3. EPA, 1998. Remediation of MTBE contaminated soil and groundwater. Environmental Protection Agency: EPA 510-F-97-015.
4. EPA, 2012. Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories. Washington, DC: The Office of Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, see more information in: https://www.epa.gov/dwstandardsregulations/drinking-water-contaminant-human-health-effects-information
5. ATSDR, 2007. Toxicological profile for benzene. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, see information in: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp.asp?id=40&tid=14
6. Pakrvan, Sh., Saeb, K., Ghysari, M. M., 2014. Study of spreading oil pollutants from Isfahan oil refinery and petrochemical facilities to groundwater. The 7th Conference & Exhibition on Environmental Engineering, Tehran, Iran [In Persian].
7. Safari, F., Vaezihir, A. R., Kalejahi, A., 2015. Determination of hydrocarbon contamination and study of biodegradation in the aquifer at Tabriz oil refinery and petrochemical complex site. Advanced Applied Geology, Vol. 5., pp. 48-58.
8. Shadizadeh, R., Zavidanpur, M., 2008. The investigation and estimation of amount of oil in groundwater at Abadan oil refinery complex. Water and Wastewater, Vol. 2, pp. 27-36 [In Persian].
9. Feyzi, M., Sartaj, M., Fathiyan pur, N., 2007. The investigation of spreading oil pollutants from Shazand petrochemical and oil refinery facilities to groundwater, Arak, Iran. 1st Iranian Petrochemical Conference, Tehran, Iran [In Persian].
10. Naseri, H., Modaberi, S., Falsafi, F., 2009. Groundwater contamination due to oil pollutants at industrial area, Shar-e-Rey, South of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 2nd Conference of Environmental Engineering, Tehran, Iran [In Persian].
11. Fraile. J., Ninerola, M. J., Olivella, L., Figueras, M., Ginebreda, A., Vilanova, M., 2002. Monitoring of the Gasoline Oxygenate MTBE and BTEX Compounds in Groundwater in Catalonia (Northeast Spain). The Scientific World, Vol. 2, pp. 1235-1242.
12. 13- Ministry of Energy of Iran, 2010. The report of prohibition renewal in Shazand area. Water resources office, groundwater group, water organization of Arak, Arak, Iran [In Persian].
13. Sokolovic, S., Pavlovic, p., Pavlovic, M., 2000. Risk Assessment of the NIS NOVISAD Oil Refinery Site After NATO Bombing. IUAPPA Praha, Sec. A, pp.72-76.
14. QPHR, 2005. Queensland Public Health Regulations. Queensland Government, Brisbane, Australia.
15. ISIRSI-1053, 1388. Drinking Water-Physical and Chemical Specification, Institute of Standard and Industrial Research Iran 1053, 5th revision.ICS:13.060.020.
16. MfE, 2011. Guideline for Assessing and Managing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination Sites in New Zealand. Ministry for the Environment (New Zealand).
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1. Cupers C., Pancras T., Grotenhuis T., Rulkens W., 2002. The estimation of PAH bioavailability in contaminated sediments using hydroxypropyl-b-cylodextrin and triton x-100 extraction techniques. Chemosphere, Vol. 46, pp. 1235-1245.
2. Fels, J., 1999. Source-identification investigations of petroleum contaminated groundwater in the Missouri Ozarks. Engineering Geology, Vol, 52, pp. 3–13.
3. EPA, 1998. Remediation of MTBE contaminated soil and groundwater. Environmental Protection Agency: EPA 510-F-97-015.
4. EPA, 2012. Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories. Washington, DC: The Office of Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, see more information in: https://www.epa.gov/dwstandardsregulations/drinking-water-contaminant-human-health-effects-information
5. ATSDR, 2007. Toxicological profile for benzene. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, see information in: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp.asp?id=40&tid=14
6. Pakrvan, Sh., Saeb, K., Ghysari, M. M., 2014. Study of spreading oil pollutants from Isfahan oil refinery and petrochemical facilities to groundwater. The 7th Conference & Exhibition on Environmental Engineering, Tehran, Iran [In Persian].
7. Safari, F., Vaezihir, A. R., Kalejahi, A., 2015. Determination of hydrocarbon contamination and study of biodegradation in the aquifer at Tabriz oil refinery and petrochemical complex site. Advanced Applied Geology, Vol. 5., pp. 48-58.
8. Shadizadeh, R., Zavidanpur, M., 2008. The investigation and estimation of amount of oil in groundwater at Abadan oil refinery complex. Water and Wastewater, Vol. 2, pp. 27-36 [In Persian].
9. Feyzi, M., Sartaj, M., Fathiyan pur, N., 2007. The investigation of spreading oil pollutants from Shazand petrochemical and oil refinery facilities to groundwater, Arak, Iran. 1st Iranian Petrochemical Conference, Tehran, Iran [In Persian].
10. Naseri, H., Modaberi, S., Falsafi, F., 2009. Groundwater contamination due to oil pollutants at industrial area, Shar-e-Rey, South of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 2nd Conference of Environmental Engineering, Tehran, Iran [In Persian].
11. Fraile. J., Ninerola, M. J., Olivella, L., Figueras, M., Ginebreda, A., Vilanova, M., 2002. Monitoring of the Gasoline Oxygenate MTBE and BTEX Compounds in Groundwater in Catalonia (Northeast Spain). The Scientific World, Vol. 2, pp. 1235-1242.
12. 13- Ministry of Energy of Iran, 2010. The report of prohibition renewal in Shazand area. Water resources office, groundwater group, water organization of Arak, Arak, Iran [In Persian].
13. Sokolovic, S., Pavlovic, p., Pavlovic, M., 2000. Risk Assessment of the NIS NOVISAD Oil Refinery Site After NATO Bombing. IUAPPA Praha, Sec. A, pp.72-76.
14. QPHR, 2005. Queensland Public Health Regulations. Queensland Government, Brisbane, Australia.
15. ISIRSI-1053, 1388. Drinking Water-Physical and Chemical Specification, Institute of Standard and Industrial Research Iran 1053, 5th revision.ICS:13.060.020.
16. MfE, 2011. Guideline for Assessing and Managing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination Sites in New Zealand. Ministry for the Environment (New Zealand).