تاثیر فعالیت های صنعتی بر کیفیت زندگی ساکنان نواحی کارکردی مسکونی هم‌جوار (مطالعه موردی: منطقه 16 شهر تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی صنعتیفاطمه سادات حسینی نژاد 1 , مظفر صرافی 2
1 - دانش آموخته دکترای برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - استاد برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: فعالیت صنعتی, نواحی کارکردی مسکونی, کیفیت زندگی, ارزیابی اثرات.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: نواحی مسکونی هم‌جوار با فعالیت های صنعتی در شهرها، همواره تحت تاثیر ویژگی های محیطی این فعالیت ها بوده و کیفیت زندگی ساکنان نیز متاثر از این صنایع است. در این مقاله دو فعالیت صنعتی نسبتا آلاینده(کارخانه روغن نباتی قو و نیروگاه بعثت) در منطقه 16 شهر تهران به عنوان مورد پژوهش انتخاب شده و چگونگی تاثیر آن‌ها بر کیفیت زندگی ساکنان هم‌جوار با این فعالیت ها از ابعاد عینی و ذهنی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. هدف از این پژوهش شناسایی چگونگی تاثیر این فعالیت های صنعتی بر کیفیت زندگی ساکنان هم‌جوار است. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش از فن ارزیابی اثر و چهار منبع اطلاعاتی شامل اسناد رسمی موجود، برداشت میدانی، مصاحبه و پرسش‌نامه(به تعداد 385 عدد) با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی سیستماتیک استفاده شده و در تحلیل داده ها، روش های آمار توصیفی به کار رفته است. یافته‌ها: فعالیت های منتخب دارای اثرات مثبت و منفی بر "قلمروهای کیفیت زندگی" افراد، در ابعاد عینی و ذهنی و در زمینه های مختلف(مانند محیط زیستی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی، کالبدی و ترافیکی) بوده اند؛ مطالعه کیفیت زندگی کلی ساکنان نشان داد که با وجود اثرات منفی این صنایع، 38 درصد از ساکنان، از کیفیت زندگی کلی خود راضی بوده اند. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به اینکه کیفیت زندگی کلی فرد، درنتیجه ترکیب رضایتمندی از قلمروهای مختلف با اولویت بندی ذهنی وی مشخص می شود، میزان رضایتمندی ساکنان از کیفیت زندگی کلی خود، نشان دهنده این موضوع است که از دید ساکنان، تاثیر مثبت فعالیت های صنعتی در زمینه های اقتصادی و اجتماعی، به علاوه رضایتمندی نسبی از سایر قلمروهای کیفیت زندگی، تا حدودی توانسته اثرات منفی این فعالیت ها را در زمینه های محیط زیستی، ترافیکی و کالبدی در قلمروهای مربوطه پوشش داده و میزان نارضایتی ساکنان را از زندگی در هم‌جواری این فعالیت ها کاهش دهد.
Background & Objectives: Residential areas adjacent to industrial activities in the cities, are always influenced by environmental characteristics of these activities and also the residents’quality of life is affected by them. In this paper, two relatively polluting industrial activities (Ghoo vegetable oil factory and Besat power plant) in district 16 of Tehran are selected as the case studies and the impact of these activities on neighboring residents’ quality of life have been surveyed. The objective of this study is to identify how these activities have effects on neighboring residents’ quality of life. Material and Methodology: This study has used “Impact assessment” technique and four sources of information, including existing official documents, field studies, interviews and questionnaires (385 pieces by applying systematic random sampling method). The descriptive statistics is used for data analysis. Findings: These selected industrial activities have positive and negative impacts on neighbors’ quality of life in objective and subjective dimensions and in different fields (such as environmental, social, economic, physical and traffic). The survey of the general quality of life, indicated that, despite the negative effects of these industries, 38% of residents were satisfied with their general quality of life (due to their life conditions). Discussion and Conclusion: According to the fact that general quality of life is determined as a result of combining satisfaction with various domains in accordance with individual subjective prioritization, satisfaction of adjacent neighbors indicates that from the neighbors point of view, the positive impacts of industrial activities in economic and social fields, in addition to the relative satisfaction from other domains of quality of life, have covered their negative impacts in environmental, traffic and physical fields in related domains and have decreased their dissatisfaction with quality of life in adjacent residential areas.
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