بررسی دانش و عوامل موثر بر رفتار محیط زیستی گردشگران شمال کشور (مطالعه موردی: استان‌های زنجان و گلستان)
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت ، برنامه ریزی و آموزش محیط زیست
محمد آبادی
1
,
پرستو بیگ وردی
2
,
عباسعلی زمانی
3
,
عبدالحسین پری زنگنه
4
1 - کارشناسی‌ارشد علوم محیط زیست، گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران.
2 - کارشناسی‌ارشد علوم محیط زیست، گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران.
3 - دانشیار، گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران. *(مسئوول مکاتبات).
4 - استاد، گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/08/15
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/03/10
تاریخ انتشار : 1399/06/01
کلید واژه:
ایران,
آگاهی محیط زیستی,
توسعه پایدار,
رفتار محیط زیستی,
آمار توصیفی وتحلیلی,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه و هدف: امروزه هدف نهایی حفاظت از محیط‌زیست در پیوند با محیط اجتماعی، افـزایش آگاهی‌های محیط زیستی در سطح جامعه و تقویت فرهنگ محیط زیستی در بخش‌های مختلف اجرایی است. در این مقاله به بررسی میزان دانش محیط زیستی جامعه گردش گران ایرانی و عوامل موثر بر رفتار محیط زیستی آن ها و بررسی دیدگاه مردم نسبت به توسعه پایدار در سطح کشور ایران پرداخته شده است. روش بررسی: جامعه آماری این تحقیق گردش گران مناطق شمالی کشور در استان‌های زنجان و گلستان بوده است. بدین منظور یک هزار پرسش نامه به روش مصاحبه و به صورت تصادفی از میان گردش گران در چند نقطه توریست پذیر واقع در محدوده مورد مطالعه توزیع، تکمیل و جمع آوری گردید. پس از تکمیل پرسش نامه ها، داده‌ها طبقه‌بندی و در جداول فراوانی‌های چندبعدی خلاصه گردید و به کمک تجزیه‌وتحلیل روش های آماری توصیفی و تحلیلی هم چون تحلیل واریانس(ANOVA)، دانکن(Duncan) و مان ویتنی(Mann _Whitney) روابط و تفاوت فی‌مابین متغیرهای محیط زیستی موثر بر میزان آگاهی‌های فردی مشخص گردید. در تحلیل داده های بدست آمده از نرم افزارهای اس پی اس اس (SPSS) و اکسل(Excel) استفاده شد. یافته ها: یافته های پژوهش حاکی از وجود مجموعه‌ای از فاکتورهای مختلفی است که در میزان آگاهی‌های محیط زیستی افراد جامعه تاثیرگذار می‌باشند، ازجمله می‌توان به فاکتورهای سطح سواد، طول دوران تحصیل و سن اشاره نمود. هم چنین بین فاکتورهایی چون جنس، وضیعت تاهل و سطح درآمد و نوع اشتغال رابطه معناداری مشاهده نشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: شناسایی و ارزیابی فاکتورهای موثر در افزایش میزان دانش فردی به ویژه در مسایل و مشکلات محیط زیستی در سطح کشور، برنامه‌ریزی صحیح و تلاش فراگیر، حفظ و ارتقا محیط زیست کشور را همراه با افزایش مشارکت‌های افراد جامعه تضمین می‌نماید.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objectives: Environmental education can be defined as raising environmental consciousness among every segment of the society, bringing for awareness to environment-friendly, permanent and positive behavioral changes. The final purpose of environmental conservation is thus related to improving environmental awareness and betterment of environmental culture in all segments of the society. In this article, the rate of environmental knowledge among tourists visiting northern parts of Iran is assessed and factors influencing environmental behavior and people opinion about sustainable development is evaluated. Methods: The statistical background of this research includes one thousand families residing in different parts of the country. Questionnaires were distributed accidentally among tourists from all over the country visiting some points of interest in West (Zanjan province) and Northeast (Golestan province) of the country using interview method. The obtained data were classified and summarized in multidimensional frequency tables using statistical descriptive analysis such as ANOVA, Duncan, Mann Whitney and the relationship/differences among environmental variables being effective on the rate of personal concern and environmental awareness were determined. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel software. Findings: Identifying and evaluating effective factors influencing the rate of personal knowledge and concern about environmental problems at country level will ensure the accurate planning, comprehensive efforts, conservation and promotion of environment with people’s considerable cooperation and participation. Discussion and Conclusion: The obtained results show that a set of different factors are influencing environmental concern and awareness among tourists living in the society such as; the level of literacy, the duration of education and age of the respondents. Significant relationships were also obtained among gender, marital status, level of income and occupation.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Bamberg, S., Rees, J., 2015. Environmental Attitudes and Behavior: Measurement, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, vol. 7: 699-705.
2. Dejonga, V., Giebels, D., 2015. Handling the environmental knowledge paradox in estuarine and coastal policy making. Ocean & Coastal Management. vol. 108: 3-12.
Martinez, A., Gabriel, J., Garcia., A., 2015. Environmental knowledge management: A long-term enabler of
tourism development. Tourism Management, vol. 50: 281-291.
Shahbazi, T., shobiri, S.M., Zandi, B., 2015. Study the role of Communication media in environmental training from the viewpoint of teachers in schools of Sarpolzohab city. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 17(2): 95-104. (In Persian)
Shobeiri, S.M., Meiboudi, H., 2013. The Evolution of Environmental Education in Iran: Presenting Some Suggestions for its Promotion. Environmental Science, vol. 11(1): 119-130. (In Persian)
khoshfar, G., Salehi, S., Vesal, Z., Abaszade, A.B., 2015. Evaluate the Social factors affecting environmental awareness of villagers (Case study: The Village-city of Jagharq in Binalud county). Journal of Rural Reserch, vol. 6(1): 137-158. (In Persian)
Mulyadi, J., 2011. Effect of environmental knowledge, local wisdom, local of control and farming motivation on responsible environmental behavior of farmers in Soppeng regency of south Soluwesi. International Journal of Academic Research, vol. 3(2): 98-34.
Tayebzadeh, N., Roozbehani, L., Faryadi, S., 2015. Environmental Planning at the Scale of Local Landscape (Case Study: Fordo Rural District). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 16(4): 125-145. (In Persian)
Hajizadehmeymandi, M., Sayarkhalaj, H., Shokohifar, K., 2014. Investigating cultural factors related to environmental behaviors (Case study: Yazd city). Journal of Social-Cultural Development Studies, vol. 3(3): 83-107. (In Persian)
10. Parizanganeh, A.H., Lakhan V.C., Ahmad, S.R., 2011. Modelling categorical data to identify factors influencing concern for the natural environment in Iran. Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 92(10): 2836-2843.
Farahmand, M., Shokohifar, K., Sayarkhalaj, H., 2014. Investigating the Social Factors Affecting Environmental Behaviors (Case Study: Citizens of Yazd). Journal of Urban Sociological Studies, vol. 4(10): 109-141. (In Persian)
Budak, D., Budak, F., Zaimoglu, Z., Kekec, S., 2005. Behavior & Attitude of Student Toward Environmental Issues at Faculty of Agricultural, Turkey. Jurnal of Applied Sciences, vol. 5: 1224-1227.
Niro, M., Haji Hossein Nejhad, G.h., Asgari, M., 2012. Comparing the effectiveness of environmental education based on Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences and traditional method. Journal of Agricultural Extension and
Education Research, vol. 5: 43-54.
Salehi, S., Emamgholi, L., 2012. The Experimental Study of the Relationship between Knowledge and Environmental Behavior (Case Study of Urban and Rural Areas of Sanandaj, Iran). Journal of Social Problems of Iran, vol. 3(1): 122-147. (In Persian)
Navah, A., Forutankia, S., Puorterkarouni, M., Investigating the Relationship between Religiousness and Values and Environmental Behaviors of Citizens (Case Study: Ahvaz City). Journal of Urban Sociological Studies, vol. 1(1): 77-98. (In Persian)
Stern, P.C., 2000. Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of Social Issues, vol. 56: 407–424.
Haghighatiyan, M., Pourafkari, N., Jafarinia, G., 2013. The Effect of Ecological-Social Behaviors on Social Development (Case of Study: The Southern Pars Staff). Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies, vol. 5(1): 135-151. (In Persian)
Salehi, S., Pazokinejad, Z., 2013. Assessment of Environmental Knowledge of Mazandaran University Students. Journal of Educational Planning Studies, vol. 2(4): 200-220. (In Persian)
Pazokinejad, Z., Salehi, a., 2014. An Analysis of Social Factors Influencing Students Environmental Attitudes and Performance. Journal of Applied Sociology, vol. 25(3): 71-88. (In Persian)
Amrollahi Jalalabadi, M., Shafiee, N., Environmental education of citizens initiates sustainable development. The first national conference on sustainable management of soil resources and the environment, 2014, 09, 10, Kerman, Iran. (In Persian)
Adhami, A., Akbarzadeh, E., 2011. Investigating the Effective Cultural Factors on Environmental Protection of Tehran (Case Study: Tehran, 5th and 18th Districts). Sociological Studies of Youth, vol. 1(1): 37-62. (In Persian)
