اثر کود زيستي میکوریزا بر رشد و برخي گليکوزيدهاي گياه استويا (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) در کشت هيدروپونيک
محورهای موضوعی : کشاورزی و محیط زیستنسرین سادات سیدمحمدی 1 * , مرتضی برمکی 2 , مهدی داوری 3 , کاظم هاشمی مجد 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
4 - دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
کلید واژه: استويا, میکوریزا, ارگانيک, استويوزيد, رباديوزايد.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: استفاده از مواد شيميايي در کشاورزي مانند کودهاي شيميايي، علفکشها و حشرهکشها، در نهايت مسموم شدن آب و خاک را به همراه خواهند داشت و براي محيط زيست تهديدي جدي بهشمار ميرود. هدف از اين تحقيق استفاده از بسترهاي کشت طبيعي و کود زيستي میکوریزا بود که مي تواند در کاهش آلودگي آب وخاک نقش مهمي ايفا کند و در عين حال، باعث افزايش درصد گليکوزيدهاي گياه استويا شود.
روش بررسی: بهمنظور بررسي اثر قارچ میکوریزا بر روي ميزان برخي گليکوزيدهاي گياه استويا در شرابط کشت بدون خاک آزمايشي بهصورت فاکتوريل بر پايه بلوکهاي کامل تصادفي با 4 تکرار در سال زراعي 94-95 در دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي انجام شد. فاکتور اول شامل بسترهاي کشت شامل بيولان، ورمي کمپوست و خاک برگ در سه سطح و فاکتور دوم تلقيح با قارچ میکوریزا و تيمار شاهد در دو سطح بود.
یافتهها: نتايج نشان داد بيشترين درصد استويوزيد با 12/576% مربوط به بستر کشت ورمي کمپوست تحت شرايط تلقيح با میکوریزا بود. همچنين بيشترين درصد رباديوزيد A (7/303%) و رباديوزيد C (5/388%) در بستر کشت خاک برگ، تحت شرايط تلقيح با میکوریزا مشاهده شد. وزن تر برگ و وزن خشک برگ تحت شرايط بسترهاي کشت مختلف و حضور و عدم حضور قارچ میکوریزا در سطح يک درصد معنيدار شدند، که بيشترين وزن تر برگ (147/65 گرم در گياه) و بيشترين وزن خشک برگ(45/2 گرم در گياه) بستر کشت ورمي کمپوست و تحت شرايط تلقيح با میکوریزا به دست آمد.
نتیجه گیری: اين تيمارها بدون كوچكترين صدمات و مخاطرات محيطي و با حفظ پايداري و سلامت سيستم كشاورزي و محيط زيست ميتواند نيازهاي غذايي گياه را تا حد زيادي بر طرف كند. بخصوص در مورد گياهان دارويي از جمله استويا، باعث توليد تركيبهاي فعال سالم تر شده و از لحاظ بازار محصول هم مي تواند توجيه اقتصادي داشته باشد.
Background and Objective: The use of chemicals in agriculture, such as chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides, will ultimately lead to water and soil poisoning and is a serious threat to the environment. The aim of this study was to use natural growing media and mycorrhizal bio fertilizer, which can play an important role in reducing water and soil pollution and at the same time increase the percentage of stevia glycosides.
Methods: In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on the amount of some stevia glycosides in soilless cultivation, an experiment was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with 4 replications in the 2015-2016 crop year at Mohaghegh Ardabil University. The first factor included growing media including Biolan, vermicomposting, and leaf soil at three levels, and the second factor was inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and control treatment at two Levels. Keywords: Medicinal herb, Mycorrhiza, Organic, Sativoside, Rebadioside
Results: The results showed that the highest percentage of sativoside with 12.576% was related to the vermicomposting cultivation medium under mycorrhiza inoculation conditions. Also, the highest percentage of rebaudioside A (7.303%) and rebaudioside C (5.388%) was observed in the leaf soil cultivation medium under mycorrhiza inoculation conditions. Leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight under different cultivation medium conditions and the presence and absence of mycorrhiza fungi were significant at the one percent level, with the highest leaf fresh weight (147.65 g per plant) and the highest leaf dry weight (45.2 g per plant) being obtained in the vermicomposting cultivation medium and under mycorrhiza inoculation conditions.
Conclusion: These treatments can meet the nutritional needs of the plant to a large extent without the slightest damage and environmental hazards and while maintaining the sustainability and health of the agricultural system and the environment. Especially in the case of medicinal plants, including stevia, it leads to the production of healthier active compounds and can also be economically justified in terms of the product market.
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