اندازه گیری آلاینده های معیار و بررسی کیفیت بهداشتی هوای زیر گذر حرم مطهر رضوی بر اساس شاخص AQI
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی هوا
قاسم ذوالفقاری
1
(دانشیار علوم و مهندسی محيط زيست، دانشکده علوم محيطي، دانشگاه حکيم سبزواري، سبزوار، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
میترا محمّدی
2
(استادیار علوم و مهندسی محيط زيست، دانشگاه خردگرایان مطهر، مشهد، ایران.)
فاطمه عرب عامری
3
(کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشگاه خرد گرایان مطهر، مشهد، ایران.)
کلید واژه: آلاینده های معیار, زیر گذر حرم مطهر, کیفیت هوا, مشهد.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: آلودگی هوا یکی از مهم ترین مشکلات قرن حاضر است که سلامت انسان را تهدید می کند. آلودگی هوا باعث ایجاد طیف گسترده ای از اثرات حاد و مزمن سلامتی از ناهنجاری های فیزیولوژیکی خفیف تا مرگ ناشی از بیماری های قلبی و تنفسی می شود. هدف از انجام این مطالعه اندازه گیری آلاینده های هوا شامل منوکسید کربن (CO)، دی اکسید گوگرد (SO2)، ذرات معلق کم تر از 5/2 میکرون (PM2.5)، و ذرات معلق کم تر از 10 میکرون (PM10) در محل زیر گذر حرم مطهر می باشد.
روش بررسی: این مطالعه تحلیلی-توصیفی می باشد. طی 8 ماه 224 نمونه برای هر کدام از آلاینده های CO ،SO2 ، PM2.5 و PM10 از سه ایستگاه با دوبار تکرار انجام شد. آلاینده CO در ساعت 9 صبح و 1 بعد از ظهر تکرار شد و سایر آلاینده ها در ساعت یک بعد از ظهر در سه ایستگاه زیر گذر حرم مطهر رضوی اندازه گیری شد. اندازه گیری CO توسط دستگاه قرائت مستقیم مجهز به سنسور الکتروشیمیایی (Multi- RAE)، SO2 با روش شیمیایی (آب اکسیژنه) و همچنین اندازه گیری ذرات معلق با دستگاه Haz-Dust مدل EPAM5000 انجام شد. شاخص کیفیت هوا (AQI) برای آلاینده های مورد بررسی (CO، SO2، PM2.5، و PM10) با استفاده از روش میان یابی خطی طبق استانداردها ملی کیفیت هوای آزاد (NAAQS) محاسبه شد. داده ها با نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 16 تجزیه و تحلیل و رسم نمودار با Excel انجام گرفت.
یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که همبستگی بین سریهای زمانی قابل قبول و رابطه قوی بین رویش و متغیرهای اقلیمی وجود دارد. تفاوت معنیداری بین هر سه منطقه وجود داشته و در میانبند بیشترین رویش قطری به‌دست آمده است. بررسی رابطه متغیرهای اقلیمی و رویش قطری نیز نشان داد که در منطقه پایینبند، عوامل دما و رطوبت نسبی به ترتیب همبستگی منفی (571/0-) و مثبت (734/0) معنیداری با رویش دارند. در منطقه میانبند نیز همین متغیرها معنی دار بودند. در منطقه بالابند، هیچکدام از متغیرهای اقلیمی ارتباط معنی داری با رویش نشان ندادند.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: کیفیت هوای زیرگذر در بازه زمانی مورد مطالعه ناسالم است. نتایج این مطالعه کمک می کند تا داده های کیفیت زیرگذر حرم مطهر امام رضا ناشی از اثرات انسانی روی سلامت انسان تدوین شود.
Background and Objectives: Air pollution is one of the most important problems of this century, which threats human health. Air pollution causes wide spectrum acute and chronic effects of health from slight physiological disorders to death from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The objective of this study was to measure concentration of air pollutants (CO, SO2, PM2.5, and PM10) in underpass of Emam Reza Holy Shrine, Mashhad in March 2016- Oct 2016. Materials and Methods: This Study was a descriptive–analytic study. To determine the concentration of pollutants, 224 samples were collected during 8 month. CO was measured by real time monitoring instrument, Multi-RAE equipped by electrochemical sensor. Furtheremore, SO2 was measured by chemical method (H2O2 method). PM2.5 and PM10 were collected using Haz-Dust, EPAM5000 model. Then, Air Quality Index (AQI) was calculated based on the criteria pollutants’ levels (CO, SO2, PM2.5, and PM10) for three cities through linear interpolation and was classified into describing classes according to tables of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Data analysis was performed with Excel and SPSS 16 software. Findings: The most concentrations for CO (22.31 ppm), SO2 (41.26 ppb), PM2.5 (128.5 μg/m3), and PM10 (165.25 μg/m3) were in Shairazi station. The results showed that the AQI in this station was higher than Iran’s environmental protection agency standards (AQI>100). Conclusion: The air quality of the underpass of Emam Reza Holy Shrine was unhealthy in March 2016- Oct 2016. The results of the present study aimed to provide data from underpass of Emam Reza Holy Shrine as indicators of anthropogenic impacts on human health.
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