بررسی غلظت، منشأ و روابط فلزات سنگین در گرد و غبار منطقه سیستان: رویکردی نوین با استفاده از تحلیل‌های آماری
محورهای موضوعی : ارزیابی خطرات آلاینده ها بر روی محیط زیستسید محمد صادق طبیب لقمانی 1 , محمد رضا رضایی کهخا 2 * , احمد شرافتی 3 , امین رضا نشاط 4
1 - گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زابل، زابل، ایران
3 - گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
4 - گروه GIS/RS، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: فلزات سنگین, گرد و غبار, سیستان, آلودگی, محیط زیست,
چکیده مقاله :
این مطالعه به بررسی غلظت و منشأ فلزات سنگین در گرد و غبار منطقه سیستان، واقع در جنوب شرقی ایران، پرداخته است. نمونه‌برداری از 14 ایستگاه در مناطق شهری، روستایی، صنعتی و کشاورزی به مدت یک سال انجام شد. غلظت 14 فلز سنگین با استفاده از دستگاه پلاسمای جفت شده القایی (ICP) اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که منگنز با میانگین mg/kg 01/463 بیشترین غلظت را داشت، در حالی که مولیبدن با mg/kg 79/1 کمترین مقدار را نشان داد. تغییرات فصلی قابل توجهی مشاهده شد، که بیشترین مقدار آنها در فصل تابستان بدست آمد. فاکتور غنی‌شدگی (EF) برای آرسنیک، کروم و وانادیم به ترتیب 8/2، 3/2 و 1/2 محاسبه شد که نشان‌دهنده غنی‌شدگی متوسط است. شاخص آلودگی (PI) برای این عناصر نیز آلودگی کم را نشان داد. تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی (PCA) نشان داد که دو مؤلفه اول %8/94 از تغییرپذیری داده‌ها را توضیح می‌دهند. بررسی روابط بین عناصر نشان داد که در اکثر موارد، مدل‌های غیرخطی با AIC کم، R² بالا و MSE کم، توصیف بهتری از روابط ارائه می‌دهند. آنالیز واریانس (ANOVA) نشان داد که 7 عنصر از 14 عنصر تغییرات معناداری در طول ماه‌های مختلف سال دارند (001/0<p). این مطالعه با ارائه یک رویکرد جامع و نوآورانه، درک عمیق‌تری از وضعیت فلزات سنگین در گرد و غبار منطقه سیستان فراهم کرده است. یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌تواند به توسعه استراتژی‌های مدیریتی مؤثرتر برای کاهش آلودگی و حفاظت از سلامت عمومی در منطقه کمک کند.
This study investigates the concentrations and origins of heavy metals in dust from the Sistan region in southeastern Iran. Dust samples were collected over a year from 14 stations across urban, rural, industrial, and agricultural areas. The concentrations of 14 heavy metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated that manganese had the highest average concentration (463.01 mg/kg), while molybdenum had the lowest (1.79 mg/kg). Significant seasonal variations were observed, with the highest concentrations recorded in summer. Enrichment factors (EF) for arsenic, chromium, and vanadium were calculated as 2.8, 2.3, and 2.1, respectively, signifying moderate enrichment. The pollution index (PI) also reflected moderate pollution for these elements. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two components accounted for 94.8% of the data variability. Relationships among elements showed that nonlinear models often provided better fits, with higher R² values (e.g., 0.81 for chromium) and lower mean squared errors (MSE). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated significant monthly variations (p<0.001) for 7 of the 14 elements. This comprehensive and innovative study enhances understanding of heavy metal contamination in the Sistan region's dust. Its findings can support the development of more effective pollution management strategies and contribute to protecting public health in the area.
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