واکاوی تجارب زیسته مدیران از رفتارهای خارج از قاعده سازمانی مدرسان دانشگاه فرهنگیان: یک مطالعه¬ی پدیدارشناسانه.
مریم شفیعی سروستانی
1
(
عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه شیراز
)
مهدی محمدی
2
(
دانشیار بخش مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران، شیراز
)
کوثر خادم
3
(
دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی،دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی ،دانشگاه شیراز ایران
)
کلید واژه: رفتارهای خارج از قاعده سازمانی, رفتارهای سازنده, رفتارهای فرانقشی, مطالعه پدیدار شناسانه.,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده
مقدمه و هدف: وظیفه و مسئولیت خطیر دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تربیت نیروی انسانی نهاد آموزش و پرورش است، که این امر مهّم در سایه مدیریت و رهبری برجسته محقق خواهد گردید. بنابراین، هدف اصلی از انجام پژوهش حاضر «کشف تجارب زیسته مدیران از رفتارهای خارج از قاعده سازمانی مدرسان دانشگاه فرهنگیان» بود.
روش شناسی پژوهش: این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی، طرح پژوهشی از نوع کیفی و روش مورد استفاده، پدیدارشناسی توصیفی، و رویکرد مورد استفاده نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و روش نمونه‌گیری بارز بود. مشارکت‌کنندگان بالقوه در این پژوهش مدیران دانشگاه فرهنگیان بودند. روش گردآوری داده‌ها مصاحبۀ نیمه ساختاریافته بود. پس از کدگذاری داده‌ها از روش تحلیل مضمون، برای ترسیم شبکه مضامین رفتارهای خارج از قاعده سازمانی مدرسان استفاده شد. برای سنجش اعتبار اولیه داده ها از معیارهای مقبولیت، اعتبار و پایایی داده های کیفی استفاده شد. یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد، از ترکیب و ادغام 312 کد اولیه، 65 مضمون پایه استخراج گردید، سپس مضامین پایه‌ای که حول یک محور مشابه و مشترک بودند، مضامین سازماندهنده سطح اول رفتارهای خارج از قاعده سازمانی ادرای ، آموزشی و تربیتی تقسیم گردید. پس از آن مضامین سازماندهنده سطح دوم تحت عنوان رفتارهای خارج از قاعده سازمانی رشد دهنده و بازدارنده اداری ، آموزشی و تربیتی تفکیک گردیدند. سه مضمون رفتارهای خارج از قاعده سازمانی رشددهنده عبارتند بودنداز: 1- مضمون رشددهنده اداری. 2- مضمون رشد دهنده آموزشی. 3- مضمون رشد دهنده تربیتی. سه مضمون سازماندهنده سطح دوم رفتارهای خارج از قاعده سازمانی بازدارنده عبارت بودند، 1- مضمون بازدارنده اداری. 2-مضمون بازدارنده آموزشی. 3-مضمون بازدارنده تربیتی.
بحث و نتیجهگیری: بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده میتوان دریافت که مدیران با توسعهی رفتارهای خارج از قاعده سازمانی رشد دهنده و جلوگیری از بروز رفتارهای خارج از قاعده سازمانی بازدارنده گامی مؤثر در جهت تربیت ملّعمان سرآمد و کارآمد، با ویژگیهای مطلوب شخصیتی، تحکیم امنیت روانی، تقویت و مدیریت استعدادها، روابط بین فردی و... بردارند.
چکیده انگلیسی :
Abstract
Introduction: The main mission of Farhangian University is to train human resources in the field of education, which will be realized with good management and leadership. The present study aimed to discover managers’ lived experiences of deviant organizational lecturers' behavior of Farhangian University.
research methodology: The research design was of the qualitative type. The method was a descriptive phenomenological study, and the approach was purposive and cross-section sampling. The potential participants in this research were the managers of Farhangian University. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The criteria of acceptability, credibility, and reliability of qualitative data were used to measure the initial validity of the data. After coding the data, the thematic analysis method was used to draw the theme network of deviant organizational lecturers' behavior.
Findings: The results showed that by combination and integration of 312 primary codes, 65 basic themes were extracted. After that, the organizing themes of the second level were divided under the title of promoting and inhibiting deviant organizational lecturers' behaviors, which are administrative, educational, and pedagogical behavior. The three themes of promoting deviant organizational lecturers' behavior were: 1- The administrative development theme. 2- the educational development theme. 3-the pedagogical development theme. Furthermore, the three organizing themes of the second level of deviant organizational lecturers' behavior are 1- Administrative inhibiting theme 2- Educational inhibiting theme. 3-Pedagogical inhibiting theme.
Conclusion: And finally, the theme network of deviant organizational lecturers' behavior at Farhangian University was formed. Based on the obtained results, managers can take an effective step toward teacher training effective and efficient, with desirable personality traits, consolidation of psychological safety and management of interpersonal relations talents by developing, promoting and inhibiting deviant organizational lecturers’ behavior.
Abbasi, A., & Wan Ismail, W. K. (2023). Linking organizational citizenship behavior and organizational trust towards reducing workplace deviance behavior in highereducation.CogentSocialSciences,9(1),2157538.https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2157538 [In Persian ]
Abun, D., Macaspac, L. R., Magallanes, T., Catbagan, N. C., & Mansueto, J. (2022). The effect of organizational politics on the individual work performance. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 11, 157-171. https://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i2.1643
Ağalday, B. (2022). Do Ostracised Teachers Exhibit Deviant Behaviours? Examining the Relationship Between Organizational Ostracism and Organizational Deviance. Psycho-EducationalResearchReviews,11(2),339-353.DOI: https://doi.org/10.52963/PERR_Biruni_V11.N2.21
Anarinejad, A, Hatami Abad Shapouri, z, Hatami Abad Shapoori, H, (2020). Investigating the creative characteristics of Farhangian University professors and their use of creative teaching methods, Journal of New Approaches in Educational Sciences, 2(2), 61-71. magiran.com/p2148971 [In Persian ]
Anjani, E. F. (2019, September). Deviant Workplace Behavior Causative Factors (The Effect of Interpersonal Justice and Non-Physical Work Environment on Workplace Deviance with Job Satisfaction as a Mediation variable in Universitas Negeri Padang Employees). In Third Padang International Conference On Economics Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.2991/piceeba-19.2019.82
Asiyai, R. I. (2019). Deviant behaviour in secondary school and its impact on students’ learning. Journal of educational and social research, 9(3), 170. Doi: 10.2478/jesr-2019-0034
Ali Babaei, Yahya, Hashemi, Seyedzia, Timuri, & Mahmoud. (2017). Analyzing the formation process of teachers' cultural capital in the field of education (an experimental study of Birjand teachers). Iranian Cultural Research Quarterly, 10(3), 1-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22034/JIERA.2023.412363.3034[In Persian ]
Aligholizadeh,Mahdiun, &Qasemzadeh Alishahi. (2022). Teachers' lived experiences ofdiscriminationieducationinMahenshancity.Positivebehaviorineducationalorganizations,1(3(DOI:10.22098/pbeo.2023.13197.1029 [In Persian ]
Alivardinia. (2016). Sociological study of students' deviant behaviors: empirical application of rational choice theory. Sociology of social institutions, 8, 9-42. https://doi.org/10.22108/srspi.2023.138091.1913[In Persian ]
Amoui, Fataneh, Rezaei, Malekzadeh, & Mahmoudi. (2016). A review of the compilation of lesson plans in the education of medical sciences in Iran; Necessities and challenges. Journal of Clinical Excellence, 7(1). [In Persian ]
Bachok, A., D’Silva, J. L., & Ismail, I. A. (2022). Workplace Deviant Behavior: A Theoretical Highlights. DOI:10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i7/14429
Bennett, R., Marasi, S., 2015. Workplace Deviance. In: James D. Wright (editor-in-chief), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, Vol 25. Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 722–726.
Brière, M., Le Roy, J., & Meier, O. (2021). Linking servant leadership to positive deviant behavior: The mediating role of self‐determination theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 51(2), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12716
Berry, C. M., Lelchook, A. M., & Clark, M. A. (2012). A meta-analysis of the interrelationships between employee lateness, absenteeism, and turnover: Implications for models of withdrawal behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(5), 678–699. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.778
Bowling, N. A., & Gruys, M. L. (2010). Overlooked issues in the conceptualization and measurement of counterproductive work behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 20(1), 54-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.03.008
Bauer, J. A., & Spector, P. E. (2015). Discrete negative emotions and counterproductive work behavior. Human Performance, 28(4), 307–331. doi:10.1080/08959285.2015.1021040. productive work behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 20(1), 54–61. doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.03.008.
Dar, N., & Rahman, W. (2022). Interactional Justice and Deviant Workplace Behavior: The Mediating Role of Perceived Supervisor Support in Hotel Industry of KP-Pakistan. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management, and Innovation, 4(1), 149-166.
Davarpanah, H., Rajaipour, Sayadi, & Yaser Sayadi. (2018). Predicting the adoption of educational innovations based on knowledge sharing behavior and professional development of faculty members. Scientific Journal of Education and Evaluation (Quarterly), 11(43), 131-156. [In Persian ]
Eslami, Qasim, Rahim Nia, Mortazavi, & Khodavian. (2019). Presenting the unethical behavior model of destroying colleagues in public sector organizations. The Quarterly Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, 14(3), 37-42[In Persian ]
Fehr, R., Fulmer, A., Awtrey, E., & Miller, J. A. (2017). The grateful workplace: A multilevel model of gratitude in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 42(2), 361-381.
Garg, N., Kumari, S., & Punia, B. K. (2022). Resolving stress of university teacher: Exploring role of workplace spirituality and constructive workplace deviance. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 11(3), 295-315. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/SAJBS-04-2020-0118.
Garg, N., Kumari, S., & Punia, B. K. (2022). Resolving stress of university teacher: exploring role of workplace spirituality and constructive workplace deviance. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 11(3), 295-315.
Gashu, B. A. (2021). Teacher Teaching and Teacher Education. Teacher Education. Ghaedamini Harouni, A., Ebrahimzadeh Dastjerdi, R., & Sadeghi De Cheshmeh, M. (2022). The Identification of Deviant Behavior Aspects in Workplace Through Meta-Synthesis Approach. Organizational Culture Management, 20(3), 647-676. 10.22059/JOMC.2022.338102.1008413
[In Persian ] Gong, T., Wang, C. Y., & Lee, K. (2020). The consequences of customer-oriented constructive deviance in luxury-hotel restaurants. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57, 102254. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.jretconser.
Goyal, S., & Bhalla, P. (2020). A Review Study of the Effects of Personality Traits on Destructive and Constructive Deviance. Analyzing Workplace Deviance in Modern Organizations, 187-202. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-9996-8.ch010
Ghanbari, & Majnoi. (2021). The role of destructive leadership in job burnout with the mediation of organizational justice and procrastination. Strategic Researches of Iran's Social Issues, 10(3), 69-98[In Persian ].
Salimi Ghasem, Sabaghian Zahra, Danaei Fard Hassan, & Abul Qasemi Mahmoud. (2011). Knowledge sharing among faculty members in academic environments; An interdisciplinary look doi: 10.7508/isih.2011.1011.003[In Persian ]
Shul, H., Damghanian, H., Rostgar, A. Danaei Fard, H., Azar, A. 2018. Presenting a model of the antecedents of deviant behaviors of employees using the metacombination method. Public management research. 5-30.10.22111/jmr.2019.27715.4305
Howladar, M. H. R., Rahman, S., & Jewel, M. (2018). Deviant workplace behavior and job performance: The moderating effect of transformational leadership. Howlader, MHR Rahman, MS, & Uddin, MA,(2018).http://dx.doi.org/ 10.22059/ IJMS.2018.226143.672514.
Hosseini Largani,Sayeda Maryam, Abdul Maleki, & Jamal. (2017).Investigating the relationship between the quality of work life and social capital in Tehran University employees in order to provide practical solutions. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Teaching and Learning Researches of Azad University, Bojnord Branch, 12(52), 61-80.[In Persian ]
Hayatlou, Arasteh, Mohammadkhani, & Kamran. (2023). Presenting a model for institutionalizing shared leadership in Islamic Azad University, case: units located in West Azerbaijan province.
Scientific Journal of Education and Evaluation (Quarterly), 16(61), 165-192. [In Persian ]
Hemti R, Farhadinejad M, & Rostegar A. (2019). Examining the frequency and importance of undesirable behaviors of employees in government organizations (case study: employees of government organizations in Semnan city).
Ifeoma, A. R., Chinedu, O., & Uzoamaka, N. O. P. (2022). Industrial Harmony: Antidote to Workplace Deviant Behaviour among Lecturers in Nigeria. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 31-39. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba%2F2022%2Fv22i230545
Jain, V. (2021). Dimensions and Antecedents of Workplace Deviant Behaviour: A Review of Literature. Academic Discourse, 10(1), 103-113. http:// publishingindia.com/ijbri/
Jose, J., & Chully, A. A. (2023). Spiritual leadership—A systematic review and call for future research. Advances in Management Research, 66-77.
Jafari Nia, Hasanpour, Khairandish, & Ebrahimpour Ahandani. (2020). A model of deviant political behavior management solutions in the banking industry with a qualitative approach. Journal of Change Management, 12(1), 118-99. [In Persian ]
Kizhouri, A., Mohammadi-Hosseini, & Soleimani. (2018). Students' perception of faculty members' teaching skills (case study: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad). Teaching Research, 18(7), 105-129[In Persian ]
Karimzadeh, Kobri, 2017, education and sustainable development, the 7th national conference on sustainable development in educational sciences and psychology, social and cultural studies, Tehran, https://civilica.com/doc/882710[In Persian ]
Malik, A., Sinha, S., & Goel, S. (2021). A qualitative review of 18 years of research on workplace deviance: New vectors and future research directions. Human Performance, 34(4), 271-297. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2021.1948548.
Mataji Nimvari, F., Jamshidi, M., & Rezaeian, A. (2021). Presenting the model for rumor management at Islamic Azad University. Public Administration Perspaective, 12(3), 15-31.
Mehdad, A., & Minaeian, S. (2020). Mediating role of achievement motivation on relationship of conscientiousness with role performance and extra role performance. Career and Organizational Counseling, 12(43), 73-90.
Memon, S. B., Soomro, S. B., & Kumar, S. (2018). Assessing the work engagement, work practices and work performance in banks. Journal of Administrative and Business Studies, 4(3), 165-184. DOI: 10.20474/jabs-4.3.5.
Moemeni, S., & Kiani, M. (2022). Developing a relationship model of destructive leadership with professional ethics and its components among physical education teachers. Scientific Journal Of Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies, 9(1), 52-61.
Maroufi, Yahya, Mohammadpour, Ebrahim, Heydari, & Shahriar. (2023). Comparison of teacher recruitment, supply and training policies from the point of view of school administrators. Teacher's Professional Development, 8(3), 39-64[In Persian ]
Mohammadi, M., Jaberi, M. A., Shafiei, M., Salimi, G., & Heidari, E. (2023). Designing and validating the scale competency of the educational groups as a professional mentor for teachers learning. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Adminstration, 14(5). [In Persian ]
Narayanan, K., & Murphy, S. E. (2017). Conceptual framework on workplace deviance behaviour: A review. Journal of Human Values, 23(3), 218-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685817713284
Namdari Pejman, Mirkamali, Pourkrimi, Farastkhah, & Maqsood. (2023). Quality assurance model of student-teacher preparation in Iran's teacher training system. Education Quarterly, 38(4), 28-7[In Persian ]
Nami, Kulthum, Seyed Abbaszadeh, Mirmohamed, Hosni, & Bazargan. (2017). Structural modeling of the effect of organizational factors on the development of human resources with the mediating role of knowledge management process and training transfer model. Education and development of human resources, 14(4), 77-96. [In Persian ]
Okeke, C. C., Okeke, C. I., & Ugwuanyi, C. S. (2022). Demographic determinants of work deviant behaviors of rural community‐based primary school teachers: A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Community Psychology.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22895
Peng, S., & Li, S. (2023). Inclusive Leadership and Workplace Deviant Behavior: The Role of Organizational Ethics climate and Moral Disengagement. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-056-5_60
Pilz, M., & Gengaiah, U. (2019). Teacher training education for VET teachers in India. Handbook of vocational education and training, 1733-1746. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49789-1_38-1 Pourmokhtari, A., and Karimi, F. (2016). Prediction of deviant behaviors of Isfahan education staff based on organizational trust. Educational Leadership and Management Quarterly, 10(3), [In Persian ]
Piraish and Akbarian. (2018). The effect of the perception of ethical leadership on deviant behaviors of university employees. Knowledge and research in applied psychology, 19(4), 36-4310. 30486/JSRP.2018.545635[In Persian ]
Rahimi, H, Amin, G, Ghafari, H (2018). Analyzing the Relationship between Work Conscience and Social Responsibility: Professional Ethics as Mediator, Journal of Ethics in Scince and Technology, 13(1), 100-107. magiran.com/p1836628. [In Persian ]
Rana, S., & Pathak, A. (2020). Coping With Deviant Workplace Behavior Through Employee Participation: An Exploratory Study. In Analyzing Workplace Deviance in Modern Organizations (pp. 270-283). IGI Global. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-9996-8.ch013
Rangriz, H., Hasanpoor, A., Jafari Nia, S., & Shiri, S. (2021). Designing a model of employees’ positive deviant behaviors in insurance industry. Iranian Journal of Insurance Research, 36(2), 101-132. 10.22056/jir.2021.266286.2843[In Persian ]
Rehan, M. F., Mumtaz, R., & Khan, Q. I. (2021). The Determinants of Deviant Workplace Behavior of Faculty Members working in Public Sector Universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Review of Education, Administration & Law, 4(4), 759-774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47067/real.v4i4.195
Reyes, J., Sangcopan, H., Dado, N., Flores, K., Diokno, J., Lu, M., ... & Ison, M. (2020). From exposition to adaptation: The lived experience of Filipino educators working in an international school setting, a phenomenology. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5(12), 143-166.
Rossello, G., & Martinelli, A. (2023). Breach of academic values and digital deviant behaviour: The case of Sci-Hub. t: https://www. researchgate. net/publication/ 369927539
Roy, M., Mandal, A., & Sarkar, S. (2022). Impact Of Work From Home On Deviant Workplace Behaviour In Educational Institutes During Covid 19: A Conceptual Study. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(3), 7757-7769. http://journalppw.com/
Sadaf, M. A., & Yasmin, K. (2021). Ethical Leadership and Deviant Workplace Behavior: A Systematic Review. Journal of Contemporary Trends and Issues in Education, 1(1), 26-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55628/jctie.v1i1.5
Safdari, N., Ghorooneh, D., & Karami, M. (2022). Perceptions of lived experiences of school principals of their professional development Process. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 13(5), 107-96. [In Persian ]
Taştan, S. (2019). The Impacts of Perceived Ethical Climate and Codes of Ethics on Employees’ Deviant Behaviors in Organizations. LUMEN Proceedings, 9, 308-330.
Taştan, S. (2019). The Impacts of Perceived Ethical Climate and Codes of Ethics on Employees’ Deviant Behaviors in Organizations. LUMEN Proceedings, 9, 308-330
Teimouri, H., Safari, A., Jahanbazi Goujani, A., & Babaahmadi Milani, Z. (2021). The impact of spirituality in the workplace on organization identity with the mediating role of organizational health and deviant behavior. Journal of Applied Sociology, 32(2), 29-48. 10.22108/JAS.2020.120847.1850[In Persian ]
Tekmen, E. E., & Kaptangil, K. (2022). The Determinants of Constructive Deviant Behaviour of FrontlineTourism Employees: An Exploration with Perceived Supervisory Support and Intrinsic Motivation. Journal of Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, 10(1), 58-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34623/c9ks-q208
Terziev, V., Georgiev, M., & Ivanov, I. (2021, January). Application of Balanced Scorecard for continuous improvement of organizations and more stable social development. In 64th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development–Online Conference (Vol. 22). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3772171
Wei, W., & Meiyu, Z. (2021). A Review of Constructive Deviation. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economic Management and Green Development (pp. 338-344). Springer Singapore. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-5359-9_39
YALAP, O., & POLATCI, S. (2019). Yapıcı Sapma Davranışlarının Öncülleri Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma. Anadolu Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 78-
Zhou, Y., & Qian, H. (2021). Research on the influence mechanism of dual leadership on the constructive deviant behavior of the new generation of employees—The chain mediating effect of promoting regulatory focus and role width self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 5398 https://doi.org/ 10.3389/ fpsyg.2021.775580
Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., & De Vries, R. E. (2005). Predicting workplace delinquency and integrity with the HEXACO and five-factor models of personality structure. Human Performance, 18(2), 179–197. doi:10.1207/s15327043hup1802_4