تحلیل موانع فراروی آموزش‌های کارآفرینی در مراکز آموزش علمی کاربردی کشاورزی

محورهای موضوعی : آموزش و پرورش

مهدی ‌ رحمانیان‌کوشککی ¹ (دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران)
محمد چیذری ² (استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران)
عنایت عباسی ³ (استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/06/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/06/29 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/05/01

کلید واژه: کارآفرینی, موانع کارآفرینی, مراکز علمی‌کاربردی کشاورزی, استان فارس, مقدمه,

چکیده مقاله :

    از جمله معضلاتی که در دهه اخیر در کشور با آن روبه رو هستیم، بیکاری جوانان بویژه دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاهی می­باشد که این معضل در بخش کشاورزی بسیار حادتر به نظر می­رسد. با وجود این چالش­ها، بسیاری از سیاست­گذاران، کارآفرینی در محیط­های دانشگاهی را امری ضروری و اجتناب ناپذیر می­دانند. هدف از آموزش کارآفرینی، تربیت افرادی است که بتوانند پس از تکمیل تحصیلات خود، افرادی مؤسس باشند و کسب و کاری را ایجاد کنند. بر این اساس، این پژوهش به بررسی موانع فراروی در برگزاری دوره­های کارآفرینی در مراکز علمی کاربردی کشاورزی استان فارس پرداخته است. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف از نوع پژوهش های کاربردی و از لحاظ کنترل متغیرها از نوع توصیفی همبستگی بوده که به روش پیمایشی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری این مطالعه شامل 1018 نفر از دانشجویان شاغل به تحصیل در چهار مرکز علمی­کاربردی کشاورزی استان فارس (شیراز، جهرم، علی آباد کمین و مرودشت) در سال تحصیلی 90-1389 بودند. از بین این افراد، با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری طبقه­ای تصادفی تعداد 178 دانشجو به عنوان نمونه­های پژوهش انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده­ها پرسش­نامه­ای بود که روایی آن با کسب نظرات اساتید دانشگاه تأیید شد و پایایی آن نیز بر پایه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 89/0 بدست آمد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده از تحلیل عاملی، ضعف خدمات مشاوره­ای و حمایتی (با میزان واریانس 50/19­درصد)، ناکافی بودن آموزش­های کاربردی (با میزان واریانس 89/17­درصد)، ضعف شناخت قوانین مالی و مدیریتی (با میزان واریانس 94/11­درصد) و ضعف برنامه­ریزی آموزشی (با میزان واریانس 67/11 درصد) موانع فراروی آموزش­های کارآفرینی در مراکز علمی­کاربردی کشاورزی استان فارس می‌باشند. مجموع این چهار عامل، 01/61 درصد از واریانس موانع آموزش­های کارآفرینی را تبیین کرده­اند

چکیده انگلیسی:

 Youth unemployment, especially academic graduates in agricultural fields, is one of the severe challenges in recent years in Iran.Despite these challenges, many policy makers, consider academic entrepreneurship necessary and inevitable. ­ Entrepreneurship education can be considered as a strategy to make occupational opportunities for graduated agricultural students. The aim of entrepreneurship education is to educate people to make an enterprise after completing their education. For this goal, present study aimed to analyze obstacles facing entrepreneurship education courses in Agricultural Applied Science Education Centers (AASECs) in Fars Province. Based on its aims and in order to control the variables, this research utilized a descriptive-correlation survey method. The population of the study consisted of all 1018 students in four AASECs in Fars Province (Shiraz, Jahrom, Aliabad Kamin and Marvdasht) in 2010-11 academic year. A multi-stage stratified random sampling was applied to select 178 students as sample research. Data were collected by using questionnaire, which was validated by a panel of experts and the reliability was gained through a pilot study with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient 0.89. Based on factor analysis results, weakness in supportive and counseling services (with variance, 19.50%), inadequate of applied education (17.89%), inadequate of recognizing of financial and management regulation (11.94%) and weakness in educational planning (11.67%), were the main obstacles in delivering entrepreneurship education in AASECs in Fars Province. These four factors could explain 61.1% variance of the obstacles in entrepreneurship education.

منابع و مأخذ:

Amiri, A. & Moradi, Y. (2008). The Survey of Entrepreneurial Attitudes Barriers of Students. Quarterly Journal of Research Planning in Higher Education, 14 (3), PP. 45-67. (in Persion).

- Annie, M. N. W., & Hamali, J. (2006). “Higher education and employment in Malaysia”. International Journal of Business and Society; 7 (1), PP. 102-21.

- Azizi, B., Hosseini, F. J., Hosseini, M. & Mirdamadi, M. (2010)."Factors influencing the development of entrepreneurial education in Iran’s applied-scientific educational centers for agriculture". American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 5 (1), PP. 77-83. (in Persion).

- Blenker, P., Dreisler, P. & Kjeldsen, J. (2008). A framework for developing entrepreneurship education in a university context. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 5 (1), PP. 45- 63.

- Ebne Ali, L. & Rajabinasab, A. A. (2007). Barriers to Entrepreneurship Development. National Conference on Higher Education and Entrepreneurship: Past, Present, Future. Semnan, Semnan University, PP. 1-9. (in Persion).

- Elder, R. & Druy, R.W. (2001). The Entrepreneurial Community College: Bringing Workforce, Economic and Community Development to Virginia Community Colleges. Education Recourses Information Center, 6 (1), PP. 26-33.

- Fu-Lai Yu, T. (2001). “Towards a theory of the entrepreneurial state”. International Journal of Social Economics, 28 (9), PP. 752-766.

- Gibb, A. (2002). Creating conductive environment for learning and entrepreneurship. Industry and Higher Education, 16 (3), PP. 135- 148.

- Haji Mir Rahimi, D. & Mokhber, A. (2010). Obstacles to the Development of Entrepreneurship Education in Higher Education Scientific-Applied Agriculture. International Conference on Management, Innovation and National Production, Shiraz, PP.1-16. (in Persion).

- Hidarizadeh, M. (2004). Employment Status of Members of the Council of Agriculture and Natural Resources along with the Province Kerman. Agricultural and Natural Resources Engineering Regulation Seasonal Issue, 2 (1), PP. 37-45. (in Persion).

- Hosseini, M., Farajolah Hosseini, J. & Soleimanpour, M.R. (2010). An Identification and Analysis of Hindering Barriers of Entrepreneurship in Higher Agricultural Education as Perceived by Graduate Students. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 41 (3), PP. 359-68. (in Persion).

- Hwarng, H. (2001). “A modern simulation course for business students”. Interfaces, 31 (3), PP. 66-75.

- Karimi, S., Chizari, M., Biemans, J. A., & Mulder, M. (2010). “Entrepreneurship Education in Iranian Higher Education: The Current State and Challenges”. European Journal of Scientific Research, 48 (1), PP. 35-50.

- Khosravipoor, B. & Monajemzadeh, Z. (2011). Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University Graduate Student’s Viewpoints about Challenges and Obstacles of Higher Education in Training Entrepreneurship Oriented Graduates. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 42 (1), PP. 105-16. (in Persion).

- Khosrsvipour, B., Iravani, H., Hosseini, M. & Movahed Mohammadi, H. (2008). Analysis of the Factor Influencing the Entrepreneurship Development in the Agricultural Scientific-Applied Higher Education Centers. Entrepreneurship Education Development Conference in the Agricultural Education Applied Science, Mashhad, PP. 100-112. (in Persion).

- Li, J., Zhang, Y., & Matlay, H. (2003). “Entrepreneurship Education in China”, Education and Training, 45 (8/9), PP. 495-505.

- Luthans, F., Stajkovic, A. D. & Ibayeva, E. (2000). Environmental and psychological challenges facing entrepreneurial development in transitional economies. Journal of World Business, 35 (1), PP. 95-110.

- Man, T. W. Y. & Yu, C. W. M. (2007). “Social interaction and adolescent’s learning in enterprise education: An empirical study”. Education + Training, 49 (8/9), PP. 620-633.

- Mohammadi, M. Pour Tahmasebi, M. H., S. & Tajvar, A. (2007). Barriers and Strategies in the Entrepreneurship Higher Education in Iran. National Conference on Higher Education and Entrepreneurship: Past, Present, Future. Semnan, Semnan University, PP. 1-12. (in Persion).

- Onstenk, J. (2003). “Entrepreneurship and Vocational Education”. European Educational Research Journal, 2 (1), PP. 74-89.

- Peterman, N. E. & Kennedy, J. (2003). “Enterprise Education: influencing students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship”. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 28(2), PP.129-145.

- Rahmanian Koushkaki, M., Chaizari, M. & Havasi, A. (2011). Factors Influencing Entrepreneurial Intentions of Agricultural Students in Azad University of Ilam. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 4 (15), PP. 125-144. (in Persion).

- Rahmati, M. H., Moghimi, M. & Alvani, M. (2008). Analyzing the Policy-Making System for Informal Entrpreneurship. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 3 (9), PP. 7-35. (in Persion).

- Razavi, M., Fallah Haghighi, N., Rezvanfar, A. & Kalantari, KH. (2012). Analyzing Entrepreneurship Obstacles in Agricultural Faculties of Iran (Students Viewpoints). Iranian Public Administration, 4 (10), PP. 59-78. (in Persion).

- Rezaei, R., Karimi, A., Mirkaram, F. & Safa, L. (2012). A Study of Entrepreneurial Education Needs of Agricultural Master Students University of Zanjan. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 5 (3), PP.65-84.  (In Persion).

- Rezaei, R. (2011). Barriers of Entrepreneurship Development in Agricultural Higher Education System from the Viewpoint of Agricultural Graduate Students at University of Zanjan, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Education Administration Research, 18 (1), PP. 92-104. (in Persion). 

- Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). “The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research”. Academy of Management Review, 26 (1), PP. 217–226.

- Solomon, G. (2007). “An examination of entrepreneurship education in the United States”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14 (2), PP. 168-182.

- Wilson, K. (2008). Entrepreneurship education in Europe. GV Partners, Eving Marion Kauffman Foundation, European Foundation for Entrepreneurship Research (EFER), Entrepreneurship and Higher Education, Chapter 5, OECD, 2008.

-Yaghoubi, J. (2010). Investigating factor of agricultural entrepreneurship in higher education and provide mechanisms to strengthen. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 2 (8), PP. 121-139. (in Persion).

- Yaghoubi, J., Monfared, N. & Yazdanpanah, M. (2011). Investigating Barriers to Enhance Entrepreneurship in Zanjan Agricultural Higher Education from the Perspective of the Graduate Students. Journal of Agricultural Education Administration Research, 16 (1), PP. 13-21. (in Persion).

- Zampetakis, L.A., Kafetsios, K., Bouranta, N., Dewett, T., & Moustakis, V.S. (2009). “On the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 15(6), PP. 595-618.