طراحی الگوی پویایی مدارس ابتدایی
محورهای موضوعی : آموزش و پرورشطوبی رضائیان 1 , حسینعلی جاهد 2 , محمد نوریان 3 , نیره شاه محمدی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد تهران غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
3 - دانشیار، گروه آموزش عالی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، واحد تهران جنوب، آزاد اسلامی، تران، ایران.
4 - دانشیار و عضو هیات علمی سازمان پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزشی، وزارت آموزش و پرورش، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: ", پویایی", مدرسه پویا", مدرسه ابتدایی",
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه و هدف:: پویایی مدارس ابتدایی ابزاری مهم برای بالا بردن سطح توانمندی و ارتقای آموزشی از اهمیت به سزایی برخورداراست. بنابراین آموزشوپرورش باید نقش سازشی موجود را به نقش زایشی تغییر داده و برای هریک از دانشآموزان شرایط و موقعیتهای پویا فراهم کند و محیط آموزشی را به نحوی مطلوب کنترل کرده تا به سهولت دسترسی به اطلاعات تازه، تسریع در کارها، تغییرات و بهبود مستمر داشته و درنهایت به برآورده شدن انتظارات جدید دانشآموزان بینجامد. این پژوهش باهدف طراحی الگوی مدرسه پویا، با استفاده از پژوهش آمیخته از نوع اکتشافی متوالی انجام‌شده است. روش شناسی پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش گردآوری داده ها، توصیفی- پیمایشی مبتنی بر رویکرد ترکیبی از نوع اکتشافی متوالی (مدل توسعه تاکسونومی یا طبقه‌بندی) است. در مرحله اول از روش کیفی مبتنی بر داده ها (داده بنیاد) و تکنیک مصاحبه برای ساخت مدل استفاده شده است. منابع گردآوری داده ها در این بخش شامل مصاحبه نیمهساختار یافته تاحد اشباع نظری (با 15 نفر) بوده که به داده های متنی تبدیل شده و پس از آن کدگذاری متن با استفاده از این دادهها صورت گرفت و به شناسایی مؤلفههای مدرسه پویا در مدارس ابتدایی و ارائة الگو پرداخته شد. نتایج بخش کیفی، بر اساس ابزار اندازه گیری طبق مؤلفههای شناسایی شده در قالب پرسشنامه 52 سؤالی طراحی گردیده و روایی صوری و محتوایی آن با استفاده از نظر متخصصان تأیید گردید و در نهایت به ضریب پایایی 96% رسید. برای برآورد اعتبار الگوی ارائه شده از مدلیابی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. جامعهی آماری در بخش کمی اساتید مدیریت آموزشی دانشگاه فرهنگیان و مدیران و معلمان فعال در آموزش ابتدایی و مدارس ابتدایی که مجری طرح مدرسه پویا در مدارس شهر تهران به تعداد 600 نفر بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهای بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان 230 نفر تعیین شدند و برای تحلیل داده های کمی از نرم افزار Amos استفاده شد. در بخش کیفی تعداد 15 نفر از صاحب‌نظران و مطلعین در دو حوزه پویایی مدرسه و مدارس ابتدایی به صورت هدفمند و با استفاده از روش گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند و برای تحلیل داده های کیفی از نرم افزار Atlas.Ti استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از تحلیل داده های بخش کیفی و کمی نشان داد که الگوی مدرسه پویا دارای 6 مقوله (عامل) اصلی است. عامل انسانی شامل (16 مقوله فرعی یا مولفه) عامل ساختاری شامل(7 مولفه) عامل فرآیندی شامل ( 5 مولفه) عامل محیطی شامل( 9 مولفه) عامل فرهنگی شامل (5 مولفه) و عامل پویایی مدرسه شامل (10 مولفه) می باشند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: : مدرسه پویا بر حسب ویژگی های تشکیل دهنده، دانش‌آموز محور، فناوری محور، تغییر محور، سازگار، پاسخگو، نوآور، انعطاف‌پذیر، چابک، رقابتی، پیچیده، بهبود مستمر و پژوهش محور است. این ویژگیها در نتیجه ارتباط متقابل عوامل و مولفه های پویایی در مدرسه شکل می گیرند و وجود این ویژگیها موید ارتباط موثر ابعاد و مولفه و شکل گرفتن مدرسه پویا می باشند.
Introduction: The dynamism of primary schools is fundamental as an essential tool for raising the level of empowerment and educational promotion. Therefore, education should change the existing adaptive role to a reproductive role, provide dynamic conditions for each student. This research has been done to design a dynamic school model using consecutive exploratory research. research methodology: The present study is a descriptive-survey based on a combined approach of consecutive exploratory type (taxonomic development model or classification) in terms of applied purpose and data collection method. In the first stage, a data-based qualitative method (data foundation) and an interview technique were used to construct the model. Sources of data collection in this section included semi-structured interviews with theoretical saturation (with 15 people) which were converted into textual data and then the text was coded using this data and to identify components Dynamic school was introduced in elementary schools and provided a model. The results of the qualitative section were designed based on the measuring instruments according to the identified components in the form of a 52-item questionnaire and its face and content validity was confirmed by experts and finally reached a reliability coefficient of 96%. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the validity of the proposed model. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the professors of educational management of Farhangian University and the principals and teachers active in primary education and primary schools who implemented the dynamic school project in Tehran schools was 600 people who used stratified random sampling method. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 230 people were determined and Amos software was used for quantitative data analysis. In the qualitative section, 15 experts and informants in the two areas of school dynamics and primary schools were purposefully selected using the snowball method and Atlas.Ti software was used to analyze the qualitative data. Findings: The results of qualitative and quantitative data analysis showed that the dynamic school model has 6 main categories (factors). Human factor includes (16 sub-categories or components) Structural factor includes (7 components) Process factor includes (5 components) Environmental factor includes (9 components) Cultural factor includes (5 components) and School dynamics factor includes (10 components) Conclusion: Dynamic school is student-centered, technology-oriented, change-oriented, adaptable,responsive, innovative, flexible, agile, competitive, complex, continuous improvement and research-oriented in terms of constituent characteristics. These characteristics are formed as a result of the interaction of dynamic factors and components in the school and the existence of these characteristics confirms the effective relationship between the dimensions and components and the formation of a dynamic school.
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